The temperature on October 23, 1881 was about 4.8 °C. There was 3 mm of rain. The air pressure was 5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east-northeast. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 97%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
April 11 » Spelman College is founded in Atlanta, Georgia as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, an institute of higher education for African-American women.
April 16 » In Dodge City, Kansas, Bat Masterson fights his last gun battle.
June 14 » The White Rajahs territories become the British protectorate of Sarawak.
June 29 » In Sudan, Muhammad Ahmad declares himself to be the Mahdi, the messianic redeemer of Islam.
July 1 » General Order 70, the culmination of the Cardwell and Childers reforms of the British Army, comes into effect.
July 2 » Charles J. Guiteau shoots and fatally wounds U.S. President James A. Garfield (who will die of complications from his wounds on September 19).
Day of marriage May 3, 1901
The temperature on May 3, 1901 was between 6.0 °C and 17.7 °C and averaged 12.9 °C. There was 13.1 hours of sunshine (87%). Source: KNMI
January 1 » The British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania, and Western Australia federate as the Commonwealth of Australia; Edmund Barton is appointed the first Prime Minister.
June 11 » The boundaries of the Colony of New Zealand are extended by the UK to include the Cook Islands.
June 17 » The College Board introduces its first standardized test, the forerunner to the SAT.
September 28 » Philippine–American War: Filipino guerrillas kill more than forty American soldiers while losing 28 of their own.
November 8 » Gospel riots: Bloody clashes take place in Athens following the translation of the Gospels into demotic Greek.
November 18 » Britain and the United States sign the Hay–Pauncefote Treaty, which nullifies the Clayton–Bulwer Treaty and withdraws British objections to an American-controlled canal in Panama.
Day of death August 12, 1953
The temperature on August 12, 1953 was between 15.3 °C and 30.9 °C and averaged 23.6 °C. There was 8.0 hours of sunshine (54%). The partly clouded was. The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south east. Source: KNMI
January 14 » Josip Broz Tito is inaugurated as the first President of Yugoslavia.
March 5 » Joseph Stalin, the longest serving leader of the Soviet Union, dies at his Volynskoe dacha in Moscow after suffering a cerebral hemorrhage four days earlier.
April 25 » Francis Crick and James Watson publish "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" describing the double helix structure of DNA.
July 26 » Arizona Governor John Howard Pyle orders an anti-polygamy law enforcement crackdown on residents of Short Creek, Arizona, which becomes known as the Short Creek raid.
August 12 » The first testing of a real thermonuclear weapon (not test devices): The Soviet atomic bomb project continues with the detonation of "RDS-6s" (Joe 4), the first Soviet thermonuclear bomb.
September 12 » U.S. Senator and future President John Fitzgerald Kennedy marries Jacqueline Lee Bouvier at St. Mary's Church in Newport, Rhode Island.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Nico de Kunder, "Family tree De Kunder", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-de-kunder/I3129.php : accessed October 23, 2026), "Martinus Leenheers (1881-1953)".
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