The temperature on August 31, 1881 was about 14.1 °C. There was 6 mm of rain. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 83%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
March 1 » The first Minnesota State Capitol burns down.
April 11 » Spelman College is founded in Atlanta, Georgia as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, an institute of higher education for African-American women.
May 12 » In North Africa, Tunisia becomes a French protectorate.
June 29 » In Sudan, Muhammad Ahmad declares himself to be the Mahdi, the messianic redeemer of Islam.
July 1 » General Order 70, the culmination of the Cardwell and Childers reforms of the British Army, comes into effect.
July 23 » The Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina is signed in Buenos Aires.
Day of marriage November 23, 1903
The temperature on November 23, 1903 was between 8.1 °C and 10.7 °C and averaged 9.2 °C. Source: KNMI
January 9 » Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson, son of the poet Alfred Tennyson, becomes the second Governor-General of Australia.
June 16 » The Ford Motor Company is incorporated.
August 3 » Macedonian rebels in Kruševo proclaim the Kruševo Republic, which exists for only ten days before Ottoman Turks lay waste to the town.
August 29 » The Slava, the last of the five Borodino-class battleships, is launched.
October 1 » Baseball: The Boston Americans play the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first game of the modern World Series.
November 17 » The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party splits into two groups: The Bolsheviks (Russian for "majority") and Mensheviks (Russian for "minority").
Day of death January 27, 1947
The temperature on January 27, 1947 was between -8.4 °C and -4.3 °C and averaged -6.0 °C. There was 6.9 hours of sunshine (78%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the northeast. Source: KNMI
March 1 » The International Monetary Fund begins financial operations.
March 12 » Cold War: The Truman Doctrine is proclaimed to help stem the spread of Communism.
April 9 » The Journey of Reconciliation, the first interracial Freedom Ride begins through the upper South in violation of Jim Crow laws. The riders wanted enforcement of the United States Supreme Court's 1946 Irene Morgan decision that banned racial segregation in interstate travel.
August 7 » Thor Heyerdahl's balsa wood raft, the Kon-Tiki, smashes into the reef at Raroia in the Tuamotu Islands after a 101-day, 7,000 kilometres (4,300mi) journey across the Pacific Ocean in an attempt to prove that pre-historic peoples could have traveled from South America.
November 17 » The Screen Actors Guild implements an anti-Communist loyalty oath.
November 25 » Red Scare: The "Hollywood Ten" are blacklisted by Hollywood movie studios.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Nico de Kunder, "Family tree De Kunder", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-de-kunder/I2179.php : accessed December 30, 2025), "Hermina Gertruda Mulders (1881-1947)".
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