The temperature on January 9, 1842 was about -6.0 °C. Wind direction mainly northeast. Weather type: half bewolkt. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
January 13 » Dr. William Brydon, an assistant surgeon in the British East India Company Army during the First Anglo-Afghan War, becomes famous for being the sole survivor of an army of 4,500 men and 12,000 camp followers when he reaches the safety of a garrison in Jalalabad, Afghanistan.
February 21 » John Greenough is granted the first U.S. patent for the sewing machine.
March 17 » The Relief Society of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is formed.
March 30 » Ether anesthesia is used for the first time, in an operation by the American surgeon Dr. Crawford Long.
May 30 » John Francis attempts to murder Queen Victoria as she drives down Constitution Hill in London with Prince Albert.
August 29 » Treaty of Nanking signing ends the First Opium War.
Day of marriage July 30, 1862
The temperature on July 30, 1862 was about 15.7 °C. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east-northeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 74%. Source: KNMI
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
March 7 » American Civil War: Union forces engage Confederate troops at the Pea Ridge in northwestern Arkansas.
April 25 » American Civil War: Forces under U.S. Admiral David Farragut demand the surrender of the Confederate city of New Orleans, Louisiana.
August 17 » American Civil War: Major General J. E. B. Stuart is assigned command of all the cavalry of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia.
September 4 » American Civil War Maryland Campaign: General Robert E. Lee takes the Army of Northern Virginia, and the war, into the North.
November 9 » American Civil War: Union General Ambrose Burnside assumes command of the Army of the Potomac, after George B. McClellan is removed.
December 26 » The largest mass-hanging in U.S. history took place in Mankato, Minnesota, where 38 Native Americans died.
Day of death November 9, 1920
The temperature on November 9, 1920 was between -3.6 °C and 10.3 °C and averaged 2.7 °C. There was 7.3 hours of sunshine (80%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from September 9, 1918 to September 18, 1922 the cabinet Ruys de Beerenbrouck I, with Jonkheer mr. Ch.J.M. Ruys de Beerenbrouck (RKSP) as prime minister.
February 29 » Czechoslovak National Assembly adopts the Constitution.
March 19 » The United States Senate rejects the Treaty of Versailles for the second time (the first time was on November 19, 1919).
May 9 » Polish–Soviet War: The Polish army under General Edward Rydz-Śmigły celebrates its capture of Kiev with a victory parade on Khreshchatyk.
July 15 » The Polish Parliament establishes Silesian Voivodeship before the Polish-German plebiscite.
September 7 » Two newly purchased Savoia flying boats crash in the Swiss Alps en route to Finland where they would serve with the Finnish Air Force, killing both crews.
November 16 » Qantas, Australia's national airline, is founded as Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services Limited.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Sim Mostert, "Genealogy Pot en Smit", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/genealogie_pot_smit/I5999.php : accessed December 28, 2025), "GERARDA BERNARDINA THEODORA KIEFFER (1842-1920)".
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