The temperature on October 13, 1835 was about 15.0 °C. Wind direction mainly southwest. Weather type: betrokken regen winderig. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
January 24 » Slaves in Salvador da Bahia, Brazil, stage a revolt, which is instrumental in ending slavery there 50 years later.
February 15 » Serbia's Sretenje Constitution briefly comes into effect.
May 5 » The first railway in continental Europe opens between Brussels and Mechelen.
August 30 » Australia: Melbourne, Victoria is founded.
September 15 » HMSBeagle, with Charles Darwin aboard, reaches the Galápagos Islands. The ship lands at Chatham or San Cristobal, the easternmost of the archipelago.
September 20 » The decade-long Ragamuffin War starts when rebels capture Porto Alegre in Brazil.
Day of marriage November 4, 1863
The temperature on November 4, 1863 was about 12.0 °C. There was 2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 12 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 93%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 4 » The New Apostolic Church, a Christian and chiliastic church, is established in Hamburg, Germany.
June 9 » American Civil War: Battle of Brandy Station, Virginia.
September 16 » Robert College, in Istanbul, the first American educational institution outside the United States, is founded by Christopher Robert, an American philanthropist.
October 3 » The last Thursday in November is declared as Thanksgiving Day by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln.
October 29 » Eighteen countries meet in Geneva and agree to form the International Red Cross.
November 16 » American Civil War: Battle of Campbell's Station near Knoxville, Tennessee: Confederate troops unsuccessfully attack Union forces.
Day of death November 12, 1905
The temperature on November 12, 1905 was between 2.6 °C and 5.7 °C and averaged 4.5 °C. The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the east-southeast. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 1, 1901 to August 16, 1905 the cabinet Kuijper, with Dr. A. Kuijper (AR) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from August 17, 1905 to February 11, 1908 the cabinet De Meester, with Mr. Th. de Meester (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
February 5 » In Mexico, the General Hospital of Mexico is inaugurated, started with four basic specialties.
February 23 » Chicago attorney Paul Harris and three other businessmen meet for lunch to form the Rotary Club, the world's first service club.
October 30 » Czar Nicholas II issues the October Manifesto, granting the Russian peoples basic civil liberties and the right to form a duma. (October 17 in the Julian calendar)
November 28 » Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith founds Sinn Féin as a political party with the main aim of establishing a dual monarchy in Ireland.
December 9 » In France, the law separating church and state is passed.
December 11 » A workers' uprising occurs in Kiev, Ukraine (then part of the Russian Empire), and establishes the Shuliavka Republic.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Sim Mostert, "Genealogy Pot en Smit", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/genealogie_pot_smit/I5561.php : accessed October 4, 2026), "FREDERIK BROEKSMIT (1835-1905)".
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