The temperature on May 13, 1861 was about 12.5 °C. There was 0.2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 2.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the northwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 88%. Source: KNMI
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
April 12 » American Civil War: Battle of Fort Sumter. The war begins with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.
May 6 » American Civil War: Arkansas secedes from the Union.
July 25 » American Civil War: The United States Congress passes the Crittenden–Johnson Resolution, stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union and not to end slavery.
August 29 » American Civil War: The Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries gives Federal forces control of Pamlico Sound.
November 7 » American Civil War: Battle of Belmont: In Belmont, Missouri, Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant overrun a Confederate camp but are forced to retreat when Confederate reinforcements arrive.
November 21 » American Civil War: Confederate President Jefferson Davis appoints Judah Benjamin Secretary of War.
Day of marriage May 17, 1883
The temperature on May 17, 1883 was about 15.3 °C. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 49%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
January 19 » The first electric lighting system employing overhead wires, built by Thomas Edison, begins service at Roselle, New Jersey.
June 16 » The Victoria Hall theatre panic in Sunderland, England, kills 183 children.
September 8 » The Northern Pacific Railway (reporting mark NP) was completed in a ceremony at Gold Creek, Montana. Former president Ulysses S. Grant drove in the final "golden spike" in an event attended by rail and political luminaries.
October 22 » Mödling and Hinterbrühl Tram, Vienna, Austria, first electric tram powered by overhead wire.
October 22 » The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City opens with a performance of Gounod's Faust.
December 21 » The Royal Canadian Dragoons and The Royal Canadian Regiment, the first Permanent Force cavalry and infantry regiments of the Canadian Army, are formed.
Day of death March 30, 1937
The temperature on March 30, 1937 was between -0.6 °C and 6.3 °C and averaged 3.9 °C. There was 2.0 hours of sunshine (16%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the northeast. Source: KNMI
May 28 » Volkswagen, the German automobile manufacturer is founded.
June 15 » A German expedition led by Karl Wien loses sixteen members in an avalanche on Nanga Parbat. It is the worst single disaster to occur on an 8000m peak.
August 24 » Spanish Civil War: Sovereign Council of Asturias and León is proclaimed in Gijón.
September 21 » J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit is published.
November 1 » Stalinists execute Pastor Paul Hamberg and seven members of Azerbaijan's Lutheran community.
December 29 » The Irish Free State is replaced by a new state called Ireland with the adoption of a new constitution.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Sim Mostert, "Genealogy Pot en Smit", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/genealogie_pot_smit/I4076.php : accessed February 9, 2026), "THÉRèSE PHILIPS (1861-1937)".
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