February 7 » American Revolutionary War: French and Spanish forces lift the Great Siege of Gibraltar.
April 15 » Preliminary articles of peace ending the American Revolutionary War (or American War of Independence) are ratified.
May 18 » First United Empire Loyalists reach Parrtown (later called Saint John, New Brunswick), Canada, after leaving the United States.
November 4 » Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Symphony No. 36 is performed for the first time in Linz, Austria.
November 29 » A 5.3 magnitude earthquake strikes New Jersey.
December 4 » At Fraunces Tavern in New York City, U.S. General George Washington bids farewell to his officers.
Day of marriage January 14, 1819
The temperature on January 14, 1819 was about 5.0 °C. Wind direction mainly south. Weather type: betrokken regen. Source: KNMI
This page is only available in Dutch.
De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
February 7 » Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles leaves Singapore after just taking it over, leaving it in the hands of William Farquhar.
May 25 » The Argentine Constitution of 1819 is promulgated.
July 1 » Johann Georg Tralles discovers the Great Comet of 1819, (C/1819 N1). It was the first comet analyzed using polarimetry, by François Arago.
July 3 » The Bank for Savings in the City of New-York, the first savings bank in the United States, opens.
August 6 » Norwich University is founded in Vermont as the first private military school in the United States.
August 16 » Peterloo Massacre: Seventeen people die and over 600 are injured in cavalry charges at a public meeting at St. Peter's Field, Manchester, England.
Day of death September 21, 1867
The temperature on September 21, 1867 was about 20.0 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 56%. Source: KNMI
From June 1, 1866 till June 4, 1868 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Heemskerk with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.J.A. graaf Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (AR) and Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief).
January 8 » African American men are granted the right to vote in Washington, D.C.
March 29 » Queen Victoria gives Royal Assent to the British North America Act which establishes Canada on July 1.
April 1 » Singapore becomes a British crown colony.
June 19 » Maximilian I of the Second Mexican Empire is executed by a firing squad in Querétaro, Querétaro.
July 1 » The British North America Act takes effect as the Province of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia join into confederation to create the modern nation of Canada. Sir John A. Macdonald is sworn in as the first Prime Minister of Canada. This date is commemorated annually in Canada as Canada Day, a national holiday.
November 9 » Tokugawa shogunate hands power back to the Emperor of Japan, starting the Meiji Restoration.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Sim Mostert, "Genealogy Pot en Smit", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/genealogie_pot_smit/I3578.php : accessed December 26, 2025), "WILLEM STANS (1783-1867)".
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