The temperature on July 13, 1860 was about 23.2 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east-northeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 53%. Source: KNMI
From March 18, 1858 till February 23, 1860 the Netherlands had a cabinet Rochussen - Van Bosse with the prime ministers J.J. Rochussen (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal).
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
April 9 » On his phonautograph machine, Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville makes the oldest known recording of an audible human voice.
May 5 » Giuseppe Garibaldi sets sail from Genoa, leading the expedition of the Thousand to conquer the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and giving birth to the Kingdom of Italy.
May 27 » Giuseppe Garibaldi begins his attack on Palermo, Sicily, as part of the Italian unification.
June 23 » The United States Congress establishes the Government Printing Office.
September 7 » Italian unification: Giuseppe Garibaldi enters Naples.
September 21 » Second Opium War: An Anglo-French force defeats Chinese troops at the Battle of Palikao.
Day of marriage May 31, 1888
The temperature on May 31, 1888 was about 16.5 °C. The air pressure was 61 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 49%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from April 21, 1888 to August 21, 1891 the cabinet Mackay, with Mr. A. baron Mackay (AR) as prime minister.
January 13 » The National Geographic Society is founded in Washington, D.C.
April 3 » The first of eleven unsolved brutal murders of women committed in or near the impoverished Whitechapel district in the East End of London, occurs.
May 12 » In Southeast Asia, the North Borneo Chartered Company's territories become the British protectorate of North Borneo.
May 16 » Nikola Tesla delivers a lecture describing the equipment which will allow efficient generation and use of alternating currents to transmit electric power over long distances.
June 5 » The Rio de la Plata earthquake takes place.
August 14 » An audio recording of English composer Arthur Sullivan's "The Lost Chord", one of the first recordings of music ever made, is played during a press conference introducing Thomas Edison's phonograph in London, England.
Day of death March 1, 1949
The temperature on March 1, 1949 was between 0.1 °C and 7.1 °C and averaged 4.0 °C. There was 5.7 mm of rain during 2.9 hours. There was 5.6 hours of sunshine (52%). The average windspeed was 7 Bft (strong wind) and was prevailing from the northwest. Source: KNMI
From August 7, 1948 till March 15, 1951 the Netherlands had a cabinet Drees - Van Schaik with the prime ministers Dr. W. Drees (PvdA) and Mr. J.R.H. van Schaik (KVP).
February 24 » The Armistice Agreements are signed, to formally end the hostilities of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
March 10 » Mildred Gillars ("Axis Sally") is convicted of treason.
May 6 » EDSAC, the first practical electronic digital stored-program computer, runs its first operation.
August 10 » An amendment to the National Security Act of 1947 enhances the authority of the United States Secretary of Defense over the Army, Navy and Air Force, and replaces the National Military Establishment with the Department of Defense.
August 24 » The treaty creating the North Atlantic Treaty Organization goes into effect.
November 3 » Chinese Civil War: The Battle of Dengbu Island occurs.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Sim Mostert, "Genealogy Pot en Smit", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/genealogie_pot_smit/I3243.php : accessed December 26, 2025), "CHARLOTTE SUERMONDT (1860-1949)".
Copy warning
Genealogical publications are copyright protected. Although data is often retrieved from public archives, the searching, interpreting, collecting, selecting and sorting of the data results in a unique product. Copyright protected work may not simply be copied or republished.
Please stick to the following rules
Request permission to copy data or at least inform the author, chances are that the author gives permission, often the contact also leads to more exchange of data.
Do not use this data until you have checked it, preferably at the source (the archives).
State from whom you have copied the data and ideally also his/her original source.