The temperature on July 20, 1878 was about 18.0 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east-northeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 85%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 16 » Russo-Turkish War (1877–78): Battle of Philippopolis: Captain Aleksandr Burago with a squadron of Russian Imperial army dragoons liberates Plovdiv from Ottoman rule.
February 21 » The first telephone directory is issued in New Haven, Connecticut.
March 15 » Restoration of the Scottish Catholic hierarchy, broken off back in 1603.
May 25 » Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera H.M.S. Pinafore opens at the Opera Comique in London.
June 15 » Eadweard Muybridge takes a series of photographs to prove that all four feet of a horse leave the ground when it runs; the study becomes the basis of motion pictures.
December 31 » Karl Benz, working in Mannheim, Germany, filed for a patent on his first reliable two-stroke gas engine, and he was granted the patent in 1879.
Day of marriage December 8, 1898
The temperature on December 8, 1898 was about 7.7 °C. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 80%. Source: KNMI
January 13 » Émile Zola's J'accuse…! exposes the Dreyfus affair.
February 7 » Dreyfus affair: Émile Zola is brought to trial for libel for publishing J'Accuse…!.
May 1 » Spanish–American War: Battle of Manila Bay: The Asiatic Squadron of the United States Navy destroys the Pacific Squadron of the Spanish Navy after a seven-hour battle. Spain loses all seven of its ships, and 381 Spanish sailors die. There are no American vessel losses or combat deaths.
June 11 » The Hundred Days' Reform, a planned movement to reform social, political, and educational institutions in China, is started by the Guangxu Emperor, but is suspended by Empress Dowager Cixi after 104 days. (The failed reform led to the abolition of the Imperial examination in 1905.)
September 13 » Hannibal Goodwin patents celluloid photographic film.
December 18 » Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat sets the first officially recognized land speed record of 39.245mph (63.159km/h) in a Jeantaud electric car.
Day of death July 23, 1949
The temperature on July 23, 1949 was between 12.5 °C and 24.1 °C and averaged 18.7 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. There was 7.7 hours of sunshine (48%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the north. Source: KNMI
From August 7, 1948 till March 15, 1951 the Netherlands had a cabinet Drees - Van Schaik with the prime ministers Dr. W. Drees (PvdA) and Mr. J.R.H. van Schaik (KVP).
January 5 » In his "State of the Union" address, United States President Harry S. Truman unveils his Fair Deal program.
January 15 » Chinese Civil War: The Communist forces take over Tianjin from the Nationalist Government.
January 31 » These Are My Children, the first television daytime soap opera, is broadcast by the NBC station in Chicago.
February 24 » The Armistice Agreements are signed, to formally end the hostilities of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
May 12 » Cold War: The Soviet Union lifts its blockade of Berlin.
July 1 » The merger of two princely states of India, Cochin and Travancore, into the state of Thiru-Kochi (later re-organized as Kerala) in the Indian Union ends more than 1,000 years of princely rule by the Cochin royal family.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Sim Mostert, "Genealogy Pot en Smit", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/genealogie_pot_smit/I2279.php : accessed February 9, 2026), "DIRK SCHIPPERS (1878-1949)".
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