The temperature on February 11, 1844 was about 3.0 °C. Wind direction mainly southwest. Weather type: half bewolkt hagel sneeuw. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
March 8 » King Oscar I ascends to the thrones of Sweden and Norway.
May 1 » Hong Kong Police Force, the world's second modern police force and Asia's first, is established.
May 24 » Samuel Morse sends the message "What hath God wrought" (a biblical quotation, Numbers 23:23) from a committee room in the United States Capitol to his assistant, Alfred Vail, in Baltimore, Maryland, to inaugurate a commercial telegraph line between Baltimore and Washington D.C.
June 6 » The Glaciarium, the world's first mechanically frozen ice rink, opens.
June 15 » Charles Goodyear receives a patent for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber.
December 21 » The Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers commences business at its cooperative in Rochdale, England, starting the Cooperative movement.
Day of marriage October 20, 1870
The temperature on October 20, 1870 was about 8.3 °C. There was 5 mm of rain. The air pressure was 14 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 92%. Source: KNMI
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
March 16 » The first version of the overture fantasy Romeo and Juliet by Tchaikovsky receives its première performance.
May 12 » The Manitoba Act is given the Royal Assent, paving the way for Manitoba to become a province of Canada on July 15.
May 14 » The first game of rugby in New Zealand is played in Nelson between Nelson College and the Nelson Rugby Football Club.
August 2 » Tower Subway, the world's first underground tube railway, opens in London, England, United Kingdom.
August 24 » The Wolseley expedition reaches Manitoba to end the Red River Rebellion.
September 3 » Franco-Prussian War: The Siege of Metz begins, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory on October 23.
Day of death June 2, 1909
The temperature on June 2, 1909 was between 9.4 °C and 16.7 °C and averaged 13.5 °C. There was 1.3 mm of rain. There was 0.3 hours of sunshine (2%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the north. Source: KNMI
January 9 » Ernest Shackleton, leading the Nimrod Expedition to the South Pole, plants the British flag 97 nautical miles (180km; 112mi) from the South Pole, the farthest anyone had ever reached at that time.
February 20 » Publication of the Futurist Manifesto in the French journal Le Figaro.
February 23 » The AEA Silver Dart makes the first powered flight in Canada and the British Empire.
May 31 » The National Negro Committee, forerunner to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), convenes for the first time.
September 7 » Eugène Lefebvre crashes a new French-built Wright biplane during a test flight at Juvisy, south of Paris, becoming the first aviator in the world to lose his life in a powered heavier-than-air craft.
October 26 » An Jung-geun assassinates Japan's Resident-General of Korea.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Sim Mostert, "Genealogy Pot en Smit", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/genealogie_pot_smit/I1805.php : accessed December 26, 2025), "JAN BRAND (1844-1909)".
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