The temperature on January 7, 1861 was about -8.5 °C. There was 1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 97%. Source: KNMI
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
February 18 » With Italian unification almost complete, Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont, Savoy and Sardinia assumes the title of King of Italy.
May 13 » American Civil War: Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom issues a "proclamation of neutrality" which recognizes the Confederacy as having belligerent rights.
August 5 » American Civil War: In order to help pay for the war effort, the United States government levies the first income tax as part of the Revenue Act of 1861 (3% of all incomes over US$800; rescinded in 1872).
August 29 » American Civil War: The Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries gives Federal forces control of Pamlico Sound.
September 17 » Argentine Civil Wars: The State of Buenos Aires defeats the Argentine Confederation at the Battle of Pavón.
November 21 » American Civil War: Confederate President Jefferson Davis appoints Judah Benjamin Secretary of War.
Day of death March 19, 1918
The temperature on March 19, 1918 was between 5.0 °C and 12.6 °C and averaged 8.7 °C. There was 6.2 mm of rain. There was 1.9 hours of sunshine (16%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 29, 1913 to September 9, 1918 the cabinet Cort van der Linden, with Mr. P.W.A. Cort van der Linden (liberaal) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from September 9, 1918 to September 18, 1922 the cabinet Ruys de Beerenbrouck I, with Jonkheer mr. Ch.J.M. Ruys de Beerenbrouck (RKSP) as prime minister.
July 4 » Bolsheviks kill Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his family (Julian calendar date).
July 4 » World War I: The Battle of Hamel, a successful attack by the Australian Corps against German positions near the town of Le Hamel on the Western Front.
July 9 » In Nashville, Tennessee, an inbound local train collides with an outbound express, killing 101 and injuring 171 people, making it the deadliest rail accident in United States history.
October 4 » World War I: An explosion kills more than 100 people and destroys a Shell Loading Plant in New Jersey.
November 9 » Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany abdicates after the German Revolution, and Germany is proclaimed a Republic.
December 17 » Darwin Rebellion: Up to 1,000 demonstrators march on Government House in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Bianca Harris, "Expanded Schmalzer Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/expanded-schmalzer-tree/P262.php : accessed December 21, 2025), "Hessie J. Stanford (1861-1918)".
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