Ancestral Trails 2016 » John I De Avis de PORTUGAL (1357-1433)

Persoonlijke gegevens John I De Avis de PORTUGAL 

• Hij is geboren op 11 april 1357 in Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.

  Let op: Was jonger dan 16 jaar (15) toen kind (Beatrice de PORTUGAL) werd geboren (??-??-1372).

• Titel: King of Portugal
• (Ancestry) : House of Aviz.
• Hij is overleden op 14 augustus 1433 in Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, hij was toen 76 jaar oud.
• Hij is begraven in het jaar 1433 in Mosteiro de Santa Maria da Vitoria, Batalha, Leiria, Portugal.
• Een kind van Pedro de PORTUGAL en Inês de CASTRO

Gezin van John I De Avis de PORTUGAL

(1) Hij is getrouwd met Philippa of LANCASTER.

Zij zijn getrouwd op 2 februari 1386/87 te Oporto Cathedral, Oporto, Portugal, hij was toen 28 jaar oud.

Kind(eren):

1. Ferdinand de PORTUGAL  1402-1443
2. Pedro de PORTUGAL  1392-1449 
3. Edward I Duarte de PORTUGAL  1391-1438 
4. Henry de PORTUGAL  -1460
5. John de PORTUGAL  -1442 
6. Isabella De Avis de PORTUGAL  -1472 

(2) Hij heeft/had een relatie met Inez PERES.

Kind(eren):

1. Alfonso de BRAGANZA  1377-1461 
2. Beatrice de PORTUGAL  1372-1439 

Notities over John I De Avis de PORTUGAL

John I (Portuguese: João,]; 11 April 1357 - 14 August 1433) was King of Portugal and the Algarve in 1385-1433. He was referred to as "the Good" (sometimes "the Great") or "of Happy Memory" in Portugal. More rarely, and especially in Spain, he was sometimes referred to as "the Bastard." He is recognized chiefly for his role in preserving the independence of the Kingdom of Portugal from the Kingdom of Castile. As part of his efforts to acquire Portuguese territories in Africa, he became the first king of Portugal to use the title "Lord of Ceuta."

John was born in Lisbon as the natural son of King Peter I of Portugal by a woman named Teresa, who, according to the royal chronicler Fernão Lopes, was a noble Galician. In the 18th century, António Caetano de Sousa found a 16th-century document in the archives of the Torre do Tombo in which she was named as Teresa Lourenço. In 1364, by request of Nuno Freire de Andrade, a Galician Grand Master of the Order of Christ, he was created Grand Master of the Order of Aviz.

On the death without a male heir of his half-brother, King Ferdinand I, in October 1383, strenuous efforts were made to secure the succession for Beatrice, Ferdinand's only daughter. As heir presumptive, Beatrice had married king John I of Castile, but popular sentiment was against an arrangement in which Portugal would have been virtually annexed by Castile. The 1383-1385 Portuguese interregnum followed, a period of political anarchy, when no monarch ruled the country.

Acclamation
On 6 April 1385, the Council of the Kingdom (the Portuguese Cortes) met in Coimbra and declared John, then Master of Aviz, to be king of Portugal. This was followed by the liberation of almost all of the Minho in the course of two months as part of a war against Castile in opposition to its claims to the Portuguese throne. Soon after, the king of Castile again invaded Portugal with the purpose of conquering Lisbon and removing John I from the throne. John I of Castile was accompanied by French allied cavalry while English troops and generals took the side of John of Aviz (see Hundred Years' War). John and Nuno Álvares Pereira, his constable and talented supporter, repelled the attack in the decisive Battle of Aljubarrota on 14 August 1385. John I of Castile then retreated. The Castilian forces abandoned Santarém, Torres Vedras and Torres Novas, and many other towns were delivered to John I by Portuguese nobles from the Castilian side. As a result, the stability of the Portuguese throne was permanently secured.

On 11 February 1387, John I married Philippa of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt, who had proved to be a worthy ally. The marriage consolidated an Anglo-Portuguese Alliance that endures to the present day.

Reign
John I of Castile died in 1390 without issue from his wife Beatrice, which meant that a competing legitimate bloodline with a claim to the throne of Portugal died out. John I of Portugal was then able to rule in peace and concentrate on the economic development and territorial expansion of his realm. The most significant military actions were the siege and conquest of the city of Ceuta by Portugal in 1415, and the successful defence of Ceuta from a Moroccan counterattack in 1419. These measure were intended to help seize control of navigation off the African coast and trade routes from the interior of Africa.

The raids and attacks of the Reconquista in the Iberian Peninsula created captives on both sides who were either ransomed or sold as slaves. The Portuguese crown extended this practice to North Africa. After the attack on Ceuta, the king sought papal recognition of the military action as a Crusade. Such a ruling would have enabled those captured to be legitimately sold as slaves.[4] In response to John's request, Pope Martin V issued the Papal bull Sane charissimus of 4 April 1418, which confirmed to the king all of the lands he might win from the Moors. Under the auspices of Prince Henry the Navigator, voyages were organized to explore the African coast. These led to the discovery of the uninhabited islands of Madeira in 1417 and the Azores in 1427; all were claimed by the Portuguese crown.

Contemporaneous writers describe John as a man of wit who was very keen on concentrating power on himself, but at the same time possessed a benevolent and kind demeanor. His youthful education as master of a religious order made him an unusually learned king for the Middle Ages. His love for knowledge and culture was passed on to his sons, who are often referred to collectively by Portuguese historians as the "illustrious generation" (Ínclita Geração): Edward, the future king, was a poet and a writer; Peter, the Duke of Coimbra, was one of the most learned princes of his time; and Prince Henry the Navigator, the duke of Viseu, invested heavily in science and the development of nautical pursuits. In 1430, John's only surviving daughter, Isabella, married Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, and enjoyed an extremely refined court culture in his lands; she was the mother of Charles the Bold.

Marriages and descendants
On 2 February 1387, John I married Philippa of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, in Porto. From that marriage were born several famous princes and princesses of Portugal (infantes) that became known as the "illustrious generation."

Blanche (13 July 1388 - 6 March 1389), died in infancy.
Alphonse (30 July 1390 - 22 December 1400), heir of the throne, died in childhood at the age of 10.
Edward (31 October 1391 - 13 September 1438), a writer and an intellectual who succeeded his father as King of Portugal in 1433.
Peter (9 December 1392 - 20 May 1449), Duke of Coimbra, a well-travelled man who served as Regent during the minority of his nephew Afonso V. Died in the Battle of Alfarrobeira.
Henry (4 March 1394 - 13 November 1460), called "the Navigator", first Duke of Viseu, who guided Portugal to the Age of Discovery. Grand Master of the Order of Christ.
Isabella (21 February 1397 - 11 December 1471), Duchess consort of Burgundy by marriage to Philip III, Duke of Burgundy.
Blanche (11 April 1398 - 27 July 1398), died in infancy.
John (13 January 1400 - 18 October 1442), Constable of Portugal, Lord of Reguengos, grandfather of two 16th century Iberian monarchs (Manuel I of Portugal and Isabella I of Castile).
Ferdinand (29 September 1402 - 5 June 1443), called "the Saint Prince", a warrior who was captured during the Disaster of Tangier in 1437 and died in captivity in Fes, Morocco, a prisoner of the Moors.

By Inês Peres (c. 1350-1400?)
Afonso10 August 137715 December 1461Natural son and 1st Duke of Braganza.
Branca13781379Natural daughter.
Beatricec. 138225 October 1439Natural daughter. Countess of Arundel by marriage to Thomas Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel. Countess of Huntingdon by marriage to John Holland, 2nd Earl of Huntingdon, later Duke of Exeter.
SOURCE: Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_I_of_Portugal

Burial:
Mosteiro de Santa Maria da Vitoria
Batalha
Leiria, Portugal
Plot: Both King João I and Queen Philippa were initially interred in the choir. On the completion of the Founder's Chapel, some years later, the royal couple were translated to their high tomb.

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