Ancestral Trails 2016 » MERFYN FRYCH AP GWRIAD (764-843)

Persoonlijke gegevens MERFYN FRYCH AP GWRIAD 

• Hij is geboren in het jaar 764 in Gwynedd, North West Wales.
• Titel: King of Gwynedd
• (Alternative Name) : Merfyn Deheubarth, Merfyn Camwri.
• (Known as) : Merfyn Frych (Merfyn the Freckled).
• Hij is overleden in het jaar 843 in Cyfeiliog, Denbighshire, Wales, hij was toen 79 jaar oud.
• Een kind van GWRIAD AP ELIDIR en ETHYLLT FERCH CYNAN

Gezin van MERFYN FRYCH AP GWRIAD

Hij is getrouwd met NEST VERCH CADELL.

Zij zijn getrouwd in het jaar 795 te Gwynedd, North West Wales, hij was toen 31 jaar oud.

Kind(eren):

1. Gwriad ap GWRIAD  804-????
2. RHODRI AP MERFYN  802-878 

Notities over MERFYN FRYCH AP GWRIAD

Merfyn Frych ('Merfyn the Freckled'; Medieval Latin: Marbinus, Mermin), also known as Merfyn ap Gwriad ('Merfyn son of Gwriad') and Merfyn Camwri ('Merfyn the Oppressor')was King of Gwynedd from around 825 to 844, the first of its kings known not to have descended from the male line of Cunedda.

Little is known of his reign, and his primary notability is as the father of Rhodri the Great and founder of his dynasty, which was sometimes called the Merfynion after him. Merfyn came to the throne in the aftermath of a bloody dynastic struggle between two rivals named Cynan and Hywel - generally identified with the sons of Rhodri Molwynog, despite that putting both men well into their 70s or 80s at the time - at a time when the kingdom had been under pressure from Mercia.

The Annales Cambriae say Merfyn died around 844, the same year in which a battle occurred at Cetyll, but it is unclear whether those were two unrelated events or he fell in battle.

Precious little is known of Merfyn's reign. Thornton suggests that Merfyn was probably among the Welsh kings who were defeated by Ecgberht, king of Wessex, in the year 830, but it is unknown how this affected Merfyn's rule.

Merfyn is mentioned as a king of the Britons in a copyist's addition to the Historia Brittonum and in the Bamberg Cryptogram, but as both sources are traced to people working in Merfyn's own court during his reign, it should not be considered more significant than someone's respectful reference to his patron while working in his service.

In the literary sources, Merfyn's name appears in the Dialogue between Myrddin and his sister Gwenddydd, found in the mid-13th-century manuscript known as the Red Book of Hergest. The dialogue is a prophecy of the future kings, and lists among them Merfyn in the passage "meruin vrych o dir manaw" (English: Merfyn Frych of the land of Manau).

Children
Rhodri the Great
Gwriad

Notes
There is nothing in what is known of Welsh law stating specifically that women were capable of transmitting legal title of kingship, and it is not known whether Merfyn came to the throne through usurpation or prior arrangement. Lloyd's article on Merfyn in the Dictionary of National Biography says that claims of kingship through a maternal line were sometimes recognised under the Welsh law of inheritance and cites mamwys (English: maternity, heirship through the female line) for the justification. However, mamwys refers to matters of property.

The view that Ethyllt was Merfyn's mother and Nest his wife is held by Davies and many others, including David E. Thornton and Lloyd, who notes the consistency of the genealogies in Jesus College MS 20 and Harleian MS 3859 against the contrary account that Nest was the mother and Ethyllt the wife. Thornton gives Nest as Cadell's sister.

References
Wade-Evans, Arthur. Welsh Medieval Law. 1909. E.g., in Charles-Edwards, T. Wales and the Britons, 350-1064. Oxford Univ. Press, 2012.
In 823 Mercia devastated Powys and burned Deganwy. Parry 1829:63, Brut y Saeson. Old Welsh: Ketill
Mermin moritur. Gueith cetill. Phillimore 1888:165, Annales Cambriae.
Lloyd notes that some later copyists had invented a definite connection of the battle with Mercia and Merfyn, where no such connection was stated in the original source. Lloyd 1911:324, A History of Wales, Vol I.
Lloyd 1909:277, Dictionary of National Biography, article Merfyn
Phillimore 1887:87, Pedigrees from Jesus College MS. 20 - The genealogical line for Merfyn's son Rhodri the Great traces all the way back to Coel Hen through Llywarch Hen: "Rodri ma6r. M. Meruyn vrych. M. G6rhyat. M. Elidyr. M. sandef. M. Alcun. M. tegyth. M. Ceit. M. douc. M. Llewarch hen. M. Elidyr lydanwyn. M. Meircha6n. M. G6rgust. M. Keneu. M. Coil hen. mal y mae vchot." A subsequent pedigree traces Rhodri's ancestry back to Maxen wledig through Gwriad's paternal grandmother.
Ford, P.K. (1970) Llywarch, Ancestor of Welsh Princes, Speculum, Vol. 45, No. 3, p. 450
Phillimore 1888:166, Annales Cambriae - year 877, "Rotri et filius eius guriat a saxonibus iugulatur."
Skene 1868b:368, Red Book of Hergest - Three kings, who were of the sons of strangers: Gwryat, son of Gwryan yn y Gogled; and Cadafel, son of Cynfedw in Gwynedd; and Hyreidd Hir, son of Bleidic in Deheubarth.
Fraser 2009:185 suggests that the Gwriad of the triad is to be identified with that King Guret of Alt Clut whose death is recorded under the year 658 by the Annals of Ulster.
Davies, John (1990), A History of Wales (First ed.), London: Penguin Group (published 1993),
Fraser, James E. (2009), From Caledonia to Pictland: Scotland to 795, New Edinburgh History of Scotland, I, Edinburgh University Press,
Kermode, Philip Moore Callow (1897), "A Welsh Inscription in the Isle of Man", in Meyer, Kuno; Stern, L. Chr. (eds.), Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie, I, Halle: Max Niemeyer, pp. 48-53
Kirby, D. P. (1991), "The Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the first three-quarters of the ninth century", The Earliest English Kings (Revised ed.), New York: Routlege (published 2000), pp. 153-157,
Lloyd, John Edward (1894). "Merfyn Frych" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. 37. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 277.
Lloyd, John Edward (1911), A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest, I (2nd ed.), London: Longmans, Green, and Co (published 1912)
Nennius (c. 800), Stevenson, Joseph (ed.), Nennii Historia Britonum, London: English Historical Society (published 1838)
Parry, Henry (translator), ed. (1829), "Brut y Saeson", Archaeologia Cambrensis, Third, IX (XXXIII), London: J. Russell Smith (published 1863), p. 63
Phillimore, Egerton, ed. (1887), "Pedigrees from Jesus College MS. 20", Y Cymmrodor, VIII, Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, pp. 83-92
Phillimore, Egerton (1888), "The Annales Cambriae and Old Welsh Genealogies, from Harleian MS. 3859", in Phillimore, Egerton (ed.), Y Cymmrodor, IX, Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, pp. 141-183
Rhys, John (1897), "Note on Guriat", in Meyer, Kuno; Stern, L. Chr. (eds.), Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie, I, Halle: Max Niemeyer, pp. 52-53
Skene, William Forbes (1868a), The Four Ancient Books of Wales, I, Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas (published 1868)
Skene, William Forbes (1868b), The Four Ancient Books of Wales, II, Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas (published 1868)
Thornton, David E. (2004), "Merfyn Frych (d. 844)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press
SOURCE: Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merfyn_Frych

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