Ancestral Trails 2016 » ROBERT de MOHAUT (1125-± 1162)

Persoonlijke gegevens ROBERT de MOHAUT 

• Hij is geboren in het jaar 1125 in Montalt Castle, Hawarden, Flintshire, Wales.
• (Relationship) : 27th Great Grandfather.
• Hij is overleden rond 1162 in Montalt Castle, Hawarden, Flintshire, Wales.
• Een kind van RALPH FITZNORMAN

Gezin van ROBERT de MOHAUT

Hij had een relatie met LEUCHA FITZNIGEL.

Kind(eren):

1. ROBERT de MOHAUT  ± 1170-1229 

Notities over ROBERT de MOHAUT

He was known as "the black steward"

Robert, "Filius Radulphi Filii Normanii", continued the line, after some disputes proved by the Pipe-Roll of 31 Henry I (i.e. 1130). William FitzHugh FitzNorman first appears as accounting for sums due for the land of his father, which Ralph, "Dapifer of Earl Hugh", held and for right in his mother's inheritance. In a subsequent entry, Robert FitzRalph FitzNorman accounts to the Treasury for a concord between him and his cousin William. These lands of Hugh and the office of Ralph, were afterwards united in Robert.

The said Robert occurs as first witness to the Charter of Randle II (Earl of Chester) to Chester Abbey, and also as first witness to that Earl's Confirmation Charter to the same about 1152 (17 Stephen), and as first witness to the Charter of Hugh II to the Nuns of Bolinton (1151-1181), signing as "Robertus Dapifer de Montealto", and showing thereby that he had then obtained the Lordship of Mold. Robert built Mold Castle in Flintshire, Wales probably around 1140. It is a good example of a Norman motte-and-bailey castle.

In 5 Henry II, it appears from the Pipe Roll, by an entry under the head of Norfolk and Suffolk, that 'the land of the Earl of Chester' was farmed from the Crown by Simon FitzWilliam. The same person and Robert de Montalt farmed the same in 6 and 7 Henry II, and Robert de Montalt, solely, in 8 Henry II. As these entries do not appear in the Rolls following, the farm was probably discontinued. It was subject to repairs of castles and of the city walls, and to various payments to the Earl, to his mother, to the Constable, and others. In the Rolls of the Norman exchequer, grants are mentioned of land in Normandy at le Tourneur, near Bayeux, made to this Robert de Montalt.

Robert, the elder son, assumed the surname of Montalt, from a little hill in the county of Flint, then known by this name, but since corrupted into that of Moulde, and on this eminence he erected the Castle of Montalt.

He was a witness to the grant made to the Abbey of Chester of the lands of Uptwuad by Ranulph de Gernons, Earl of Chester, and nephew to Earl Hugh.

Noted events in his life were:

• Living: at the castle (which he erected), Mold, Flintshire, Wales, United Kingdon, originally Montalt castle, also called Mould

• Misc: Steward of the Palatine to the Earl of Chester. The stewardship of Chester, held by the service of 2½ fees, was hereditary in his descendants. See Chester Count Court Roll, 1259-97 (Cheltham Soc.), p xlvi. The Steward ranked next to the Constable, and was second in the addresses of the Earl's charters. The stewardship passed with the Mohaut estates conveyed to Queen Isabel in 1327 (Cal. Patent Rolls, 1338-40, p 114)

• Misc: Agreement, 1141/1157. with the monks of Chester, concerning the manor of Lea-cum-Newbold, which they claimed by William's gifts (Tait, op.cit. p 287)

• He served a mission He defeated the Welsh, who were overrunning the Palitinate on 3 Sep 1146 in Nantwich, CHS, England, UK. He received various grants from the Earls of Chester, including Hawarden, which became the 'caput' of the barony.(Annales Cestrienses - Rec. Soc. Lans and Cheshire, p 74)

• Misc: He was a farmer of the Earl of Chester's lands, 1160 to 1162. (Cal Inq p.m. vol ii mo 284)

Robert married Leucha FitzNeel, daughter of William FitzNeel and Unknown. Leucha died after 1162 . They had seven children: Ralph, Robert, William, Ranulph, Roger, John and Matthew.

Death Notes: (Pipe Roll, 6 Hen II, p 7: 8 Hen II p 20)

General Notes: It has been conjectured that she was a daughter of William FitzNeel of Halton, becasue Neston and other FitzNeel manors are found to have passed to the Mohaut family. Robert (dapifer/steward) was the first witness to a charter by William II FitzNeel, Constable of Chester, 1130-50 (Tait, op cit p 234)
https://www.geni.com/people/Robert-de-Mohaut/6000000007151040144?through=6000000031069962835

Son of Baron Robert de Monhault, Baron of Hawarden

Keats-Rohan's entry name for Robert gives two Latin-form second names: "Dapifer Cestrie" (steward of Chester) and "De Monte Alto" (of Mold, in Flintshire).

He is probably the first of the family to be referred to in his own lifetime as being lord of Hawarden, because he was apparently the first to be granted Hawarden. He is possibly also the first to be called Monte Alto, Montalt or Muhald, old names of Mold in Flint, all referring to it as a prominent hill. Although this may have been in the family for longer, he probably played a notable role in fortifying it and also managing it during a period when it was militarily very active.

He was referred to in his own time in various other ways including:

Robert (Latin Robertus, Rodbertus) the dapifer (steward) or more specifically the steward of the Earl, or steward of Chester etc. This is how he is described in the many charters he did for the Earls of Chester.

Robert the son of Ralph the son of Norman. This genealogically useful name appears in the great Pipe Roll under Lincolnshire, made in late 1130 (31 Henry I), and discussed further below.

Farrer writes, "This Robert was the first grantee of Hawarden manor and castle by the feoffment of earl Ranulf II ; he was styled ' Le Blakestiward.' " This name was recorded several generations later at the death of Roger de Monte Alto in the time of King Edward I. Roger claimed a Robert of this name as ancestor, and said he had been enfeoffed by Earl Ranulf. Because of this reference, various sources including Ormerod (p.94) describe him as the "Black Steward". It is also mentioned in chancery document of 1275.

The Pipe Roll of 1130 links the main types of name because it has two mentions of an agreement between him and his cousin.

Under Suffolk (p.76 in latest edition, Farrer cites p.96) his father is referred to as "Radulfus dapifer Comitis Hugonis", who made an agreement with William son of Hugh son of Norman concerning that William's father's lands. (The relationship between them is not stated explicitly.)

Under Lincolnshire (p.89 in new ed. Farrer cites p.113) is himself described as a grandson of Norman, "Robertus filius Radulfi filii Normanni", rendering account for an agreement with "Willelmum cognatum suum" meaning a blood relative.

The Montalt name begins to be seen after the gap in most records of the so-called "Anarchy" period in the middle of the 12th century. In the new series of Pipe Rolls started by Henry II, for the years before the Earl of Chester's account separated our of the normal Pipe Rolls system, we find "Robertus de Monte Alto" in 1159/60 (p.7), 1160/61 (p.35), and 1161/62 (p.20).

Linking Robert the lord of Montalt with Robert the dapifer are charters such as Barraclough's no.182, to the nuns of Bullington priory, attested to be "Roberto dapifero de Monte Alto", a combination which would continue to be used by his heirs.

(Ormerod (p.94 footnote 4) thinks William had a son Simon, who appears in the time of Henry II. Farrer calls this Simon "de Kime". Tait p.287 explains an argument that this Simon can not be the son of William son of Norman.)

Birth Year Estimation
Farrer (p.110) reports that he was witnessing a charter as dapifer to the Earl of Chester as early as the 1120s, in which case he had to be an adult himself. This is based on him witnessing a charter by Count Ranulph, who was count 1120-1129. Barraclough (p.52) thought that his charters as dapifer, replacing his father, only started about 1135. Barraclough was citing Tait p.287, in his edition of one of the key charters, who however only says the succession had to be before 1136.

In any case, he was also clearly adult in 1129/30 for the Pipe Rolls.

Family
His wife was named Leucha, and the names of 5 sons are known:
Ralph
Robert
William
Ranulph
Roger
Complete Peerage 2nd ed. Vol IX p.11 footnote "f":

It has been conjectured that she was a da. of William FitzNeel of Halton, because Neston and other FitzNeel manors are found to have passed to the Mohaut family. Robert dapifer was first witness to a charter by William II FitzNeel, Constable of Chester, 1130-50
CP cites Tait p.234 (The chartulary or register of the abbey of St. Werburgh, Chester) for the charter involving William FitzNeel.

Concerning the children, Complete Peerage says "By his wife Leucha he had sons Ralph, Robert, William, Ranulph and Roger of Elford" citing Bracton’s Note Book, no. 260.

Ralph inherited first and then his brother Robert. After this was a Roger. Complete Peerage follows Farrer who proposed that he was a son of Robert. Note that the inheritance in the generation after these children requires some interpretation. A please recorded by Bracton (Note Book, no. 1558) gives a pedigree. As Farrer summarizes:

Ralph (temp. Henry I) - s. Robert I - s. Ralph - s. Roger I, son and heir in 1222. Robert II seems to be omitted, but the second Ralph has been altered from Robert, so that the omission of ' bro. Robert' may be suspected at that point. Thus Roger I would be son of Robert II, which would agree with his statement that his father was engaged in the maxima guerra with Llewelyn (1198-9). The point, however, must be left undecided.
See also MEDLANDS who leaves a blank for the father of Roger.

[There is disagreement or confusion online regarding the size of his family. The website of Gibbins (mentioned below) adds John and Matthew. Wikitree currently (Sept 2018) also has Eustace de Mohaut or Montalt, said to be born 1155, Castle Montalt?]

Mold Castle
While some websites and genealogies seem to think the family was always called Montalt, many websites take it for granted that Robert built the castle, implying he was also first to connect the castle to the family's name. This is based on Ormerod's reasoning.

Ormerod wrote:
Robert occurs as first witness to the Charter of Randle II to Chester Abbey, and also as fist witness to that Earl's Confirmation Charter to the same about 1152 (17 Steph) and as first sigh II to the Nuns of Bolinton (1151-81), signing as Robertus Dapifer de Montealty, and shewing thereby that he had then obtained the Lordship of Mold, from which, and its castellated hill, his family assumed their local name.

However, 'Complete Peerage 2nd ed. Vol IX p.10 states with confidence that the first to be called de Muhald was his cousin and predecessor William, also known as William son of Hugh son of Norman. The record which led to this conclusion is from over-lapping "great charters" made by Count Ranulf I (1120-1129) and Count Ranulf II of Chester (1128-1153), summarizing old grants to St Werbergh's Abbey, from before their reign, and therefore clearly before 1120 in this overlapping case.

Things got very busy for Robert. Wikipedia states, concerning Mold:
The castle was besieged numerous times by the Princes of Gwynedd as they fought to retake control of the eastern cantrefi in the Perfeddwlad (English: Middle Country). In 1146, Owain Gwynedd captured the castle. By 1167, Henry II was in possession of the castle, although it was recaptured by the Welsh forces of Llywelyn the Great in 1201

1141-57 Agreement with Chester Abbey Monks
Tait, op.cit. p.287 shows how Robert made an agreement, 1141/1157 with the monks of Chester, concerning the manor of Lea-cum-Newbold, which they claimed by William's gift. Robert, who had lands from William his cousin, had maintained until this charter that Lea should have come to him. As he points out, with the re-establishment of orderly government by King Henry II, Robert's sons appear to have made further amends for damages done during the dispute over Lea. Charter 527 (dated 1177-1182) is by Robert's son Ralph, who had become dapifer of the Earl (Radulphus de Montealto dapifer comitis Cestrie), and 528 (dated 1208-1211) on the same page is confirmation by Ralph's brother Robert (II), who had by then also become dapifer (Robertus de Montealto dapifer comitis Cestrie).

1146 Defeated Welsh
An entry Annals of Chester says:
1146 Randle, earl of Chester, was made prisoner by stratagem by king Stephen at Northampton, August 29. When the Welsh heard of it, they laid waste the province [of Chester]. Against whom Robert [de Montalt] the seneschal [of Chester] advanced to battle with a few armed men, and killed many thousands at Nantwich on September 3.

1162-1177 Death
Complete Peerage says he died about 1162, saying "By his wife Leucha he had sons Ralph, Robert, William, Ranulph and Roger of Elford (Bracton’s Note Book, no. 260)."

Keats-Rohan (p.258) says he died about 1177 citing Tait's Cartulary of St Werburgh, p.302, which is a charter dated 1177-1182 that shows Ralph, Robert's son appearing perhaps for the first time as steward of Chester ("Radulfus de Montealto, dapifer comitis Cestrie").

Gibbins (website, see below) mentions that the Pipe Roll, 8 Hen II (1161/2), Robert is still reported. But note that Chester acquired a special status and does not appear after that year in the Pipe Rolls.

Sources
↑ K. S. B. Keats-Rohan. Domesday Descendants: A Prosopography of Persons Occurring in English Documents 1066-1166: II Pipe Rolls to Cartae Baronum. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, 2002. p. 258.
↑ 2.0 2.1 Barraclough "The Charters of the Anglo-Norman Earls of Chester" internet archive. charters 26-28, 36-37, 39-40, 59, 61, 84-85, 125, 141, 151, 182
↑ James Tait, (1920, editor, introduction and notes), The chartulary or register of the abbey of St. Werburgh, Chester, Vol.I hathitrust Vol II internet archive, Chetham Society
↑ 4.0 4.1 Judith A. Green, (2012 editor and translator), The great roll of the pipe for ... Michaelmas 1130 (Pipe Roll 1). Pipe Roll Society, volume 95. Parallel Latin text and English translation. link
↑ Farrer, Honors and Knights Fees Vol.II, pp.110-11.
↑ 'Inquisitions Post Mortem, Edward I, File 20', in Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem: Volume 2, Edward I, ed. J E E S Sharp (London, 1906), pp. 156-165. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/inquis-post-mortem/vol2/pp156-165 [accessed 18 September 2018].
↑ Calendar of inquisitions miscellaneous, Chancery v.1, 1028 p.315
↑ Bracton’s Note Book, Vol II, no. 260
↑ Cawley, MEDLANDS (Sept 2018 version) Robert Mohaut
↑ Ormerod, George (1851) "De Montalt: Hereditary Seneschal of Chester, Balatine Baron of Hawarden" in Miscellanea Palatina: Genealogical Essays Illustrative of Cheshire and Lancashire Families google books internet archive
↑ For Ranulph I see Tait's charter 6 and for Ranulph II see Barraclough charter 28.
↑ English Wikipedia, Mold, Flintshire, version of Sep 2018
↑ 'The chronicle: 1133-86', in Annales Cestrienses Chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg, At Chester, ed. Richard Copley Christie (London, 1887), pp. 20-35. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/lancs-ches-record-soc/vol14/pp20-35 [accessed 18 September 2018].
↑ See for example "Cheshire in the Pipe Rolls, 1158-1301" p.4

See also:

Owen Gibbins Descendants of Eustace the Norman New Zealand, 5 November 2011. Accessed Sept 10. 2018 jhd
Geni. Robert de Mohaut Added by: James Frederick Pultz on November 17, 2007; Managed by:Ildiko Ilona Kecskes and 18 others; Curated by: Erin Spiceland. Accessed Sept 10, 2018 jhd
Ann Whiting, Castle Rising Montalt page 2. Accessed Sept 14, 2018 jhd
SOURCE: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Mohaut-11

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