Ancestral Trails 2016 » ROBERT I CAPET (972-1031)

Persoonlijke gegevens ROBERT I CAPET 

• Hij is geboren op 27 maart 972 in Orléans, Loiret, Centre-Val de Loire, France.Bronnen 1, 2
• Titel: King of France, Duke of Burgundy
• (Nickname) : "The Pious".
• (Alternative Name) : Robert de France II.
• (Accession) tussen 996 en 1031 in King of France.
• (Ancestry) : House of Cspet.
• (Relationship) : 29th Great Grandfather.
• (Accession) tussen 1002 en 1017 in Duke of Burgundy.
• Hij is overleden op 20 juli 1031 in Le Juifs, Chartres, Eure-et-Loire, Centre, France, hij was toen 59 jaar oud.Bronnen 1, 2
• Hij is begraven in het jaar 1031 in St Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, France.
• Een kind van HUGH II CAPET en ADELAIDE d'AQUITAINE

Gezin van ROBERT I CAPET

(1) Hij is getrouwd met ROSELLA d'IVREA.

Zij zijn getrouwd in het jaar 988 te Melun, Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France, hij was toen 15 jaar oud.

(2) Hij is getrouwd met CONSTANCE d'ARLES.

Zij zijn getrouwd in het jaar 1001 te Meulan, Yvelines, Île-de-France, France, hij was toen 28 jaar oud.Bron 1

Kind(eren):

1. Eudes CAPET  1013-1056
2. HAWISE CAPET  1005-1063 
3. Hugh Magnus CAPET  1007-1025
4. HENRI de FRANCE  1008-1060 
5. ROBERT de BURGUNDY  1011-???? 
6. ADELAIDE CAPET  1009-???? 
7. CONSTANCE CAPET  1014-???? 

(3) Hij is getrouwd met BERTHA de BURGUNDY.

Zij zijn getrouwd in het jaar 997 te Melun, Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France, hij was toen 24 jaar oud.

Notities over ROBERT I CAPET

Robert II (27 March 972 - 20 July 1031), called the Pious (French: le Pieux) or the Wise (French: le Sage), was King of the Franks from 996 until his death. The second reigning member of the House of Capet, he was born in Orléans to Hugh Capet and Adelaide of Aquitaine.

Immediately after his own coronation, Robert's father Hugh began to push for the coronation of Robert. "The essential means by which the early Capetians were seen to have kept the throne in their family was through the association of the eldest surviving son in the royalty during the father's lifetime," Andrew W. Lewis has observed, in tracing the phenomenon in this line of kings who lacked dynastic legitimacy. Hugh's claimed reason was that he was planning an expedition against the Moorish armies harassing Borrel II of Barcelona, an invasion which never occurred, and that the stability of the country necessitated a co-king, should he die while on expedition. Ralph Glaber, however, attributes Hugh's request to his old age and inability to control the nobility. Modern scholarship has largely imputed to Hugh the motive of establishing a dynasty against the claims of electoral power on the part of the aristocracy, but this is not the typical view of contemporaries and even some modern scholars have been less sceptical of Hugh's "plan" to campaign in Spain. Robert was eventually crowned on 25 December 987. A measure of Hugh's success is that when Hugh died in 996, Robert continued to reign without any succession dispute, but during his long reign actual royal power dissipated into the hands of the great territorial magnates.

Robert had begun to take on active royal duties with his father in the early 990s. In 991, he helped his father prevent the French bishops from trekking to Mousson in the Kingdom of Germany for a synod called by Pope John XV, with whom Hugh was then in disagreement.

As early as 989, having been rebuffed in his search for a Byzantine princess, Hugh Capet arranged for Robert to marry Rozala, the recently widowed daughter of Berengar II of Italy, many years his senior, who took the name of Susanna upon becoming Queen. She was the widow of Arnulf II of Flanders, with whom she had two children. Robert divorced her within a year of his father's death in 996. He tried instead to marry Bertha, daughter of Conrad of Burgundy, around the time of his father's death. She was a widow of Odo I of Blois, but was also Robert's cousin. For reasons of consanguinity, Pope Gregory V refused to sanction the marriage, and Robert was excommunicated. After long negotiations with Gregory's successor, Sylvester II, the marriage was annulled.

Finally, in 1001, Robert entered into his final and longest-lasting marriage to Constance of Arles, the daughter of William I of Provence. Her southern customs and entourage were regarded with suspicion at court. After his companion Hugh of Beauvais urged the king to repudiate her as well, knights of her kinsman Fulk III, Count of Anjou had Beauvais murdered. The king and Bertha then went to Rome to ask Pope Sergius IV for an annulment so they could remarry. After this was refused, he went back to Constance and fathered several children by her. Her ambition alienated the chroniclers of her day, who blamed her for several of the king's decisions. Constance and Robert remained married until his death in 1031.

Robert was a devout Catholic, hence his sobriquet "the Pious." He was musically inclined, being a composer, chorister, and poet, and made his palace a place of religious seclusion where he conducted the matins and vespers in his royal robes. Robert's reputation for piety also resulted from his lack of toleration for heretics, whom he harshly punished. He is credited with advocating forced conversions of local Jewry. He supported riots against the Jews of Orléans who were accused of conspiring to destroy the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. Furthermore, Robert reinstated the Roman imperial custom of burning heretics at the stake.

The kingdom Robert inherited was not large, and in an effort to increase his power, he vigorously pursued his claim to any feudal lands that became vacant, usually resulting in war with a counter-claimant. In 1003, his invasion of the Duchy of Burgundy was thwarted, and it would not be until 1016 that he was finally able to get the support of the Church to be recognized as Duke of Burgundy.

The pious Robert made few friends and many enemies, including his own sons: Hugh, Henry, and Robert. They turned against their father in a civil war over power and property. Hugh died in revolt in 1025. In a conflict with Henry and the younger Robert, King Robert's army was defeated, and he retreated to Beaugency outside Paris, his capital. He died in the middle of the war with his sons on 20 July 1031 at Melun. He was interred with Constance in Saint Denis Basilica and succeeded by his son Henry, in both France and Burgundy.

Children
Robert had no children from his short-lived marriage to Susanna. His illegal marriage to Bertha gave him one stillborn son in 999, but only Constance gave him surviving children:

Hedwig (or Advisa), Countess of Auxerre (c. 1003 - after 1063), married Renauld I, Count of Nevers on 25 January 1016 and had issue.
Hugh Magnus, co-king (1007 - 17 September 1025)
Henry I, successor (4 May 1008 - 4 August 1060)
Adela, Countess of Flanders (1009 - 5 June 1063), married (1) Richard III of Normandy and (2) Count Baldwin V of Flanders.
Robert (1011 - 21 March 1076)
Odo or Eudes (1013-c.1056), who may have been intellectually disabled and died after his brother's failed invasion of Normandy
Constance (1014-1052), married Count Manasses de Dammartin.
Robert also left an illegitimate son: Rudolph, Bishop of Bourges.
SOURCE: Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_II_of_France

About 1018 the 'Manichaean' teachings appeared in Aquitaine; this sect not only rejected both baptism and the Cross but apparently observed strict asceticism. Ten years later, ten of the canons of the Church of the Holy Cross at Orleans were accused of being 'Manichaeans' and of worshipping the devil. These canons, which included the confessor of Queen Constance, rejected the sacraments of the Church and denied the human birth of Christ together with the reality of his Passion and Resurrection.

Brought to trial before the King, Robert 'the Pious', and an assemblage of bishops, these heretics were consigned to the flames, yet not before Queen Constance struck out the eye of her former confessor. Source: Leo van de Pas

Robert married three times, the first marriage to Rosalia of Italy, widow of Arnulf II of Flanders, ended in divorce one year after the marriage. The second marriage to Bertha of Burgundy, widow of Odo I of Blois was annulled as she was his cousin, and finally Constance of Arles, daughter of William I of Provence, who encouraged her sons to revolt against their father.

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