Ancestral Glimpses » Richard de "the Strongbow" Clare 2nd Earl of Pembroke (1125-1176)

Persoonlijke gegevens Richard de "the Strongbow" Clare 2nd Earl of Pembroke 

• Roepnaam is the Strongbow.
• Hij is geboren in het jaar 1125 in Tonbridge, Kent, ENGLAND.
• Alternatief: Hij is geboren rond 1130 in Ashenfield, Turnbridge, Kent, ENGLAND.
• (Nickname) : Strongbow.
• (Title (Facts Pg) : 2nd Earl of Pembroke; Earl of Striguil; Justiciar of Ireland.
• Hij is overleden op 5 april 1176 in Dublin, Dublin City, County Dublin, IRELAND, hij was toen 51 jaar oud.
• Alternatief: Hij is overleden op 20 april 1176 in Dublin, IRELAND, hij was toen 51 jaar oud.
• Hij is begraven in het jaar 1176 in Gloucester, Gloucestershire, ENGLANDChapter House, Gloucester Cathedral.
• Alternatief: Hij is begraven in het jaar 1176 in Dublin, IRELANDHoly Trinity Church.
• Een kind van Gilbert FitzGilbert de Clare en Isabel de Beaumont
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 18 januari 2018.

Gezin van Richard de "the Strongbow" Clare 2nd Earl of Pembroke

(1) Hij is getrouwd met Aoife MacMurrough.

Zij zijn getrouwd op 29 augustus 1170 te Christchurch, Hampshire, ENGLAND, hij was toen 45 jaar oudCathedral of Waterford.

Kind(eren):

1. Isabel de Clare  ± 1160-???? 
2. Joan de Clare  1175-± 1322 

(2) Hij heeft/had een relatie met Eva MacMurrough.

Kind(eren):

1. Joan de Clare  1175-± 1322 

Notities over Richard de "the Strongbow" Clare 2nd Earl of Pembroke

FHL Magna Charta 942 W2wj p.102
Isabel was the dau. of Richard de Clare, Earl of Pembroke called "Strongbow."

In 1153, Richard was a witness to the Treaty of Wallingford, which made Henry of Anjou heir to King Stephen.

Appointed Justiciary of Ireland by Henry II.

One source reports an apocryphal story about a son of Richard's, whose existence has never been proven, but who may be referred to on Richard's tomb in Dublin. The story is that during one of Richard's big battles with Irish forces, the son ran away, then returned after Richard's army won. The son, according to the story, congratulated Richard for the victory, only to be upbraided for his cowardice and summarily executed.

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Richard "Strongbow" de Clare
and Eve MacMurchada
Parents of Isabel de Clare
Copyright © 1999 by Catherine Armstrong armstrng.html

Richard fitz Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Pembroke and Lord of Leinster, was the father of Isabel de Clare, wife of William Marshal marshall.html. Richard was the son of Gilbert fitz Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Pembroke, and Isabel de Beaumont, sister to Waleran Count of Meulan and Robert Earl of Leicester. Richard, like his father, was known as "Strongbow" for his skill and use of the long bow of the men of Gwent. Richard and his father supported King Stephen in the civil war between Stephen and the Empress Matilda for the throne of England unt. ca. 1141 when King Stephen took Gilbert's lands and castles on the suspicion that Gilbert might join his nephew, Gilbert Earl of Clare, and Ranulf Earl of Chester on the Empress's side.
Gilbert Earl of Pembroke died in 1148, and Richard at the age of eighteen took seisin of his father's lands, castles and titles. In the Treaty of Windsor of 1153, King Stephen recognized Henry Duke of Anjou as his heir to the throne of England, and Richard witnessed the Treaty as "comes de Penbroc." However, once Henry became King Henry II of England in Dec 1154, he did not recognize Richard's right to the title or the lands of Pembroke [inherited by his father from his uncle Walter de Clare and granted by King Stephen] nor as lord of Orbec and Bienfaite in Normandy [inherited by his father from his uncle Roger de Clare and granted by King Henry II. Whatever Henry's reasons for denying Richard his lands and titles [there are no definite proven reasons or justifications of this act of Henry's], Richard was a knight and baron of one of the oldest and greatest families of the Conqueror's time who found himself without his rightful inheritance.
At the age of thirty-eight and still unmarried due to a lack of royal favor, Richard was ready for the arrival and proposal of Dermot MacMurchada Lord of Leinster in 1168-69. Dermot arrived in Bristol, along with his dau. Aoife, and went to the home of Robert fitz Harding, a wealthy merchant, money-lender, and favorite of King Henry's. Dermot had gone to King Henry in Normandy and gained permission to recruit knights from Henry's lands in Wales and the Marches for his battle to regain his own lordship of Leinster in Ireland. It is possible and probable that fitz Harding, to whom de Clare may have owed money, recommended Strongbow to Dermot as a good candidate to be recruited. Dermot offered Strongbow lands in Ireland, his daughter Eve in marriage, and the lordship of Leinster on Dermot's death. Dermot offered Strongbow a gamble, a chance, on winning lands, a royal wife, wealth, and knightly fame. He accepted the chance on the proviso that he obtained permission from King Henry, his lord and king. Strongbow went to King Henry and obtained his permission, although Henry would later deny that he had given it except in a jesting manner.
Strongbow arrived in Ireland in Aug 1170; he had already sent many of his vassals from Wales to Ireland in 1169. Strongbow met Dermot and the Anglo-Norman knights, who were already there, with 200 men-at-arms and over one thousand archers. They took Waterford on St. Bartholomew's Eve [28 Aug 1170], and a day later, he and Eve MacMurchada were md. in the cathedral in Waterford. [There is a painting of the marriage of Strongbow and Aoife by Maclise in the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin.] Soon after the marriage, Strongbow, Dermot and their knights marched to Dublin and took that city and the adjacent surrounding lands. Strongbow and the other Anglo-Normans quickly took control of the cities of Dublin, Waterford, and Wexford and much of the southeastern land of Ireland.
King Henry II became alarmed at the success of his knights and fearing their growing strength and possible motives, he ordered all his knights in Ireland to return to England on pain of forfeiture of their lands in England, Wales and Normandy. Strongbow met Henry at Newnham in Gloucester in Jul 1171. At this meeting Strongbow gave Henry, Dublin and its adjacent lands, the maritime towns and the castles, and his own lordship of Leinster. Henry kept Dublin, Waterford, Wexford, and the castles, and granted back to Strongbow the other lands, including the lordship of Leinster, as lands he now held by right of King Henry. In effect, this meant that King Henry took from Strongbow most of the lands that Strongbow himself had either conquered or gained by his marriage and granted them back to Strongbow as lands held by the grace of the king. Henry II was determined that he would not have a repeat of the palatine lordships of Wales in Ireland, nor strong mini-kingdoms on his own left flank. Henry's expedition to Ireland in 1171-72 was to enforce his own rule on the Anglo-Normans who had invaded Ireland, and gain recognition from both Anglo-Normans and Irish that he was King and overlord of the already conquered lands and the lands to be conquered. He achieved his purpose, but he was not totally reassured until the Apr 1173 rebellion of his sons in Normandy.
When this rebellion began Henry called his leading knights and barons from Ireland to assist him in putting down this revolt in Normandy. Strongbow came with most of the leading barons in Ireland. He proved his military skills and his fealty at Gisors, Breteuil, and Verneuil. Henry recognized Strongbow's loyalty and actions by granting him the governing of Ireland, the city of Wexford, the castle of Wicklow, and the constableship of Waterford and Dublin. Henry ordered Strongbow back to Ireland to control it as the king's representative and to send back to Normandy more knights from Ireland and Wales.
Strongbow returned to Ireland and did his best to control the rebellion that had arisen while the major knights were in Normandy. He served the king's interest and his own in Ireland, and he did well in trying to control and modify the constant warring factions. He was in England for the Treaty of Windsor in 1175 between King Henry II and Rory O'Connor, high king of Ireland. There is very little contemporary record of Strongbow's last year or two in Ireland. The "Song of Dermot" ends sharply in 1174/75, and Giraldis Cambrensis' record, "Expugnatio Hibernica" is concerned with recording the deeds of his own family rather than de Clare's.
Strongbow died in Jun 1176 of some type of infection in his leg or foot. He was bur. in Holy Trinity Church in Dublin with his uncle-in-law, Lawrence bishop of Dublin, presiding. He and Eve had a son Gilbert, who died still a minor in 1185, and a dau. Isabel, who would become Strongbow's sole heir. King Henry II took all of Strongbow's lands and castles into his own hands and placed a royal official in charge of them. He guarded well the inheritance of the young girl, Isabel. Eve was given her dower rights and possibly held Striguil chepstow.html [Chepstow] as part of those dower rights until the Welsh rebellion of 1184-85. There is a record of Eve confirming a charter in Ireland in 1188-89 as "comtissa de Hibernia".
There are no known extant records of the personal lives of Strongbow and Eve. We know that this young red-haired son of Gilbert de Clare Earl of Pembroke survived the years of being deprived of his rightful inheritance. He took the gamble that Dermot MacMurchada offered. By his skills as a warrior/knight and wise lord, he conquered and re-constituted his inherited lordship of Leinster, md. the golden-haired Eve, and re-gained the respect and affection of his lord and king, Henry II. Two interesting questions arise for which there is no known extant contemporary records. Did Strongbow perhaps meet the man who would be his dau.'s husband in the 1173 rebellion of the young King Henry? Would Strongbow have approved of the knight William Marshal marshall.html who md. his dau. Isabel and not only regained all the land, castles and titles that Strongbow should have inherited, but added greatly to them, and cared for them all as a true knight and lord should do?
This essay is part of a series (listed below) written by Catherine Armstrong focusing on the life and times of William Marshal and his father-in-law Richard fitz Gilbert de Clare.
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His tomb inscription reads: 'Haec jacet Ricarduo Strongbow, filius Gilberti, Comitis de Pembroke'.

Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg /wiki/File:Question_book-new.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Fitz_Gilbert_de_Clare&action=edit

Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare Lord of Clare, Tonbridge /wiki/Tonbridge and Cardigan /wiki/Cardigan,_Ceredigion
BornClare /wiki/Clare,_Suffolk, Suffolk /wiki/Suffolk, England /wiki/England
Died15 Apr 1136 Abergavenny /wiki/Abergavenny, Monmouthshire /wiki/Monmouthshire>
Resting placeTonbridge Priory /wiki/Tonbridge_Priory
Richard fitz Gilbert de Clare (died 15 Apr 1136) was a Norman /wiki/Normans nobleman, the son of Gilbert Fitz Richard /wiki/Gilbert_Fitz_Richard de Clare and Adeliza de Claremont /w/index.php?title=Adeliza_de_Claremont&action=edit&redlink=1. He founded the priory /wiki/Priory of St. Mary Magdalene /wiki/Tonbridge_Priory, Tonbridge /wiki/Tonbridge.

Richard held the Lordship of Ceredigion /wiki/Ceredigion in Wales /wiki/Wales. A Welsh revolt against Norman rule had begun in south Wales where, on 1 Jan 1136 the Welsh won a victory over the local Norman forces between Loughor /wiki/Loughor and Swansea /wiki/Swansea.

Ambush & death
Richard had been away from his lordship in the early part of the year. Returning to the borders of Wales in Apr, he ignored warnings of the danger and pressed on toward Ceredigion /wiki/Ceredigion with only a small force. He had not gone far when on 15 Apr he was ambushed and killed by the men of Gwent /wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwent under Iorwerth ab Owain /w/index.php?title=Iorwerth_ab_Owain&action=edit&redlink=1 and his brother Morgan, grand-sons of Caradog ap Gruffydd /wiki/Caradog_ap_Gruffydd, in a woody tract called "the ill-way of Coed Grano", near Llanthony /wiki/Llanthony Abbey /wiki/Abbey, north of Abergavenny /wiki/Abergavenny. He was bur. in Tonbridge Priory.[1]

Spur for Welsh invasion
The news of Richard's death induced Owain Gwynedd /wiki/Owain_Gwynedd, son of Gruffydd ap Cynan /wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Cynan, king of Gwynedd /wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd to invade his Lordship. In alliance with Gruffydd ap Rhys /wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Rhys of Deheubarth /wiki/Deheubarth, he won a crushing victory over the Normans /wiki/Normans at the Battle of Crug Mawr /wiki/Battle_of_Crug_Mawr, just outside Cardigan /wiki/Cardigan,_Ceredigion. The town of Cardigan /wiki/Cardigan,_Ceredigion was taken and burnt, and Richard's widow, Adelize, took refuge in Cardigan Castle /wiki/Cardigan_Castle, which was successfully defended by Robert fitz Martin /wiki/Robert_fitz_Martin. She was rescued by Miles of Gloucester /wiki/Miles_de_Gloucester,_1st_Earl_of_Hereford who led an expedition to bring her to safety in England.

Title
He is commonly said to have been created Earl of Hertford /wiki/Earl_of_Hertford by either Henry I /wiki/Henry_I_of_England or Stephen /wiki/Stephen_of_England, but no contemporary reference to him, including the record of his death, calls him by any title, while a cartulary /wiki/Cartulary states that a tenant had held "de Gilleberto, filio Richardi, et de Ricardo, filio ejus, et postea, de Comite Gilleberto, filio Richardi" (of Gilbert Fitz Richard, and his son Richard, and then of Earl Gilbert Fitz Richard), again failing to call Richard Earl while giving that title to his son. Thus his supposed creation as Earl is likely apocryphal.[2]

Family
Richard md. 1116, Alice de Gernon, (ca. 1102-1128), dau. of Ranulph le Meschin, 1st Earl of Chester /wiki/Ranulph_le_Meschin,_1st_Earl_of_Chester and the heiress Lucy of Bolingbroke /wiki/Lucy_of_Bolingbroke, by her having:
Gilbert Fitz Richard de Clare /wiki/Gilbert_de_Clare,_1st_Earl_of_Hertford, d. 1153, 1st Earl of Hertford /wiki/Earl_of_Hertford
Alice de Clare (Adelize de Tonbridge), md. (1) abt. 1133, Sir William de Percy, Lord of Topcliffe, son of Alan de Percy and Emma de Gant; (2) Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd /wiki/Cadwaladr_ap_Gruffydd, brother of Owain Gwynedd /wiki/Owain_Gwynedd
Robert Fitz Richard de Clare, perhaps died in childhood
Rohese de Clare, md. Gilbert de Gant, Earl of Lincoln /wiki/Gilbert_de_Gant,_Earl_of_Lincoln
Roger de Clare /wiki/Roger_de_Clare,_3rd_Earl_of_Hertford, d. 1173, 2nd Earl of Hertford /wiki/Earl_of_Hertford.

References
/wiki/File:Basse-Normandie_flag.svg /wiki/File:Basse-Normandie_flag.svgNormandy portal /wiki/Portal:Normandy
"Houses of Austin canons, The priory of Tonbridge" http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=38209. British History Online. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=38209. Retrieved 16 Oct 2010.

George Cokayne /wiki/George_Cokayne, Vicary Gibbs /wiki/Vicary_Gibbs_(MP), ed., The Complete Peerage /wiki/The_Complete_Peerage, New Edition, London: St Catherine Press, 1913, vol. III, p. 243

Richard (Strongbow) FitzGilbert (Isabel (Elizabeth) de ) was born in of, Tunbridge, Kent, England. He died on 20 Apr 1176 in , Dublin, Leinster, Ireland. He was bur. in Holy Trinity (Ch, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland.

Notes
Richard md. Aoife (Eve) McMurrough  dau. of Dermod MacMurrough on 26 Aug 1171 in Waterford, Ireland. Aoife was born in Lancaster, Lancashire. She died in 1177.
They had the following children:
+6Fi Isabel FitzGilbert who died in 1220.

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