Genealogie Van Zanen » Willem I de Gek "van Friesland" van Holland graaf van Holland en Zeeland (± 1168-1222)

Persoonlijke gegevens Willem I de Gek "van Friesland" van Holland graaf van Holland en Zeeland 

• Roepnaam is van Friesland.
• Hij is geboren rond 1168 in 'S-Gravenhage, Zuid Holland, Netherlands.
• Gedoopt (op 8-jarige leeftijd of later) door het priesterschapsgezag van de LDS-kerk op 17 september 1986.
• Beroepen:
• .

  {geni:job_title} Crusader

• .

  {geni:job_title} Graaf van HOLLAND

• in Count of Holland.
• .

  {geni:job_title} Crusader

• Hij is overleden op 4 februari 1222Rijnsburg, Zuid-Holland, Nederland.
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 15 september 2013.

Gezin van Willem I de Gek "van Friesland" van Holland graaf van Holland en Zeeland

Hij heeft/had een relatie met Aleid van Gelre.

Kind(eren):

1. Jutta van Holland  ± 1200-????
2. Ricardis van Holland  ± 1203-1262
3. Ada van Holland  ± 1206-1258
4. Otto III van Holland  ± 1208-1249
5. Willem van Holland  ± 1206-1238
6. Floris IV van Holland  1210-1234 

Notities over Willem I de Gek "van Friesland" van Holland graaf van Holland en Zeeland

GIVN Willem I, Count
SURN Holland
AFN 7Z10-ZB
STAT SUBMITTED
STAT SUBMITTED
DATE 9 SEP 2000
TIME 13:15:50

GIVN Willem I, Count
SURN Holland
AFN 7Z10-ZB
STAT SUBMITTED
STAT SUBMITTED
DATE 9 SEP 2000
TIME 13:15:50

William I of Holland
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

William I (ca. 1167, The Hague–4 February 1222), Count of Holland from 1203 to 1222. He was younger son of Floris III and Ada of Scotland.

[edit]
Life
His older sister, Ada, eventually inherited Holland in 1203, but William couldn't accept this. He was acknoleged as count of Holland in Friesland (which was considered as a part of Holland by the Counts of Holland) and used the Frisian soldiers to conquer the entire realm of his sister and her husband Louis, count of Loon. After a civil war, which lasted for several years, William won the war. William then became a fervent crusader. He campaigned in Prussia and joined in the conquest of Lisbon. In Europe, he was called William the Crazy for his chivalric behaviour. William died in battle in Egypt, while storming the city of Damietta during the Fifth Crusade.

[edit]
Family and children
He was married two times. First, he married 1197 with Adelaide of Geldern, daughter of Count Otto I of Geldern and Richardis of Scheyern-Wittelsbach. Secondly, he married 1220 Maria of Brabant, daughter of Duke Henry I of Brabant and Maud of Boulogne and Alsace. He had following children:

Floris IV, Count of Holland (24 June 1210 The Hague–19 July 1234, Noyon ou Corbie, France).
Otto (d. 1249), Regent of Holland in 1238-1239, Bishop of Utrecht.
Willem (d. 1238), Regent of Holland in 1234-1238
Richarde (d. 1262).
Ada (d. 1258), Abbess at Rijnsburg

Preceded by:
Dirk VII Count of Holland
1203 - 1222 Succeeded by:
Floris IV

[huntingdonhenry_descendents10_fromrootsweb_bartont.FTW]

Count of Holland and Zealand; m. Adelaide. (WEis 100-27).

Willem was in the Third Crusade with his father, Count Floris III, and he took part in the siege of Akko in 1191. Unlike his father, he did come home alive. His elder brother, Dirk VII became the new Count, but Willem established himself as the leader of the West-Frisians to have his own sphere of influence against that of his brother, in a repeat of the rivalry between Dirk VI and Floris "The Black", see above. In 1195, while Count Dirk VII was away on an expedition to fight off yet another invason in the south by the army of Philipe of Namur, who had also become the Regent of Flanders and Hainaut, Willem and his Frisians launched an attack on Alkmaar, his brother's northern stronghold. Willem's sister-in law Aleida of Kleve (Cleves), who had gone to the nearby Abbey of Egmond for safety, managed to organise a very effective defence which included bribing some West-Frisian leaders. Her troops even came close to taking Willem prisoner. Count Dirk VII returned victorious from his battles in the south, so Willem was forced to make peace and retire to East-Friesland.
But very soon after the death of Count Dirk in 1203, Willem and Dirk's widow Aleida went to war again, this time in the so-called "Loonse" war of succession. Aleida had wasted no time to marry her daughter Ada off to Ludwig II (Louis, Lodewijk) of Looz and Rieneck (Loon), who apparently wanted very much to take over the County of Holland. The newlyweds gathered support for their claim to the County of Holland against that of Willem. They found allies in the Bishops of Utrecht and Liège, Count Philipe of Namur, the Regent of Flanders and Hainaut (intent on revenge for Flanders' defeat against Holland in 1195), Duke Philip of Schwaben (the rival "Stauf" Emperor to the "Welf" Otto IV of Braunschweig) and others. Their opponent Willem was supported by Duke Hendrik I of Brabant as well as by the lesser nobility in Holland and by the free farmers. Duke Hendrik of Brabant must have disliked the prospect of being surrounded by an alliance of Aleida and Ada, the wife and the daughter of his former adversary the Count of Holland in the west, the Count of Namur (also the Regent of Flanders and Hainaut) in the south-west, the ambitious Count Ludwig, now Ada's husband, in the south, the Bishop of Liège also in the south, the Duke of Schwaben (the "Emperor") in the east and the Bishop of Utrecht in the north. There was no higher authority to decide in this matter because Germany was fully occupied with its own war of succession between the "Staufen" and the "Welfen". These conflicts were also mingled with the war between England and France.
Very early in the war, in December 1203, Willem managed to take his niece Ada prisoner. First she was sent to the island of Texel and later to England. But in 1204, Count Philipe of Namur, the Regent of Flanders and Hainaut attacked and occupied Walcheren. Willem was barely able to escape, hiding in a small fishing boat, covered with nets. The tide turned against Wilem when Count Ludwig and the Bishop of Utrecht conquered the cities in Holland and seemed to have won the war. But Willem, while still hiding, managed to organise a people's insurrection in Zeeland against their new lords, which gained momentum in Holland itself. Then, the Bishop of Utrecht suddenly changed sides to Willem, as a clear indicaton that Ludwig was losing the confidence of his supporters. A peace treaty was signed in 1206 which divided Holland between Willem and Ludwig. This ended the armed conflict, but Willem now started a political offensive for the support of the neighbouring rulers and of the population within his opponent's fiefdom. This he did very effectively. Especially after Ludwig's last important ally, Duke Philip of Schwaben had been murdered in 1208, Willem gained the upper hand and by 1210 he had effectively become the single ruler of Holland. On 13-1-1213 Emperor Otto IV officially made Willem ruler of all lands that had formerly belonged to Counts Floris III and Dirk VI, leaving Ludwig, Ada and her mother Aleida with empty hands in spite of all their efforts. Ludwig died from poisoning in 1218.
Willem joined the Anglo-Welf side in the German war of succession, but King Philipe II "Augustus" of France and his "Staufen" allies won decisively at the battle of Bouvines in 1214, in which Count Willem was taken prisoner. He quickly changed sides to the victorious Franco-Staufen, and in 1216 he joined the army of the French Crown Prince (the future King Louis VIII) to depose the English King John "Lackland". Pope Innocentius III, the ally of King John and the Welfs, excommunicated Count Willem for this, but after Willem had played an important part in the Crusade to Damiate in Egypt in 1217-1219, he and the new pope Honorius III were reconciled and his excommunication was anulled.

GIVN Willem I, Count
SURN Holland
AFN 7Z10-ZB
STAT SUBMITTED
STAT SUBMITTED
DATE 9 SEP 2000
TIME 13:15:50

{geni:occupation} Crusader, Graaf van HOLLAND, Greve i Holland, Greve av Holland 1203-22, Greve av Holland, COUNT OF HOLLAND AND ZEALAND

{geni:about_me} Wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_I,_Count_of_Holland

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_I._%28Holland%29

Wilhelm I. (Holland)

aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie

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Wilhelm I. von Holland

Wilhelm I. von Holland (* um 1170; † 4. Februar 1222) war von 1203 bis zu seinem Tod Graf von Holland.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

[Anzeigen]

* 1 Familie

* 2 Leben

* 3 Literatur

* 4 Weblinks

Familie [Bearbeiten]

Er war der Sohn von Graf Florens III. von Holland und Adelheid von Huntingdon, Tochter des Prinzen Heinrich von Schottland.

Wilhelm I. heiratete 1197 Adelheid von Geldern (* 1190; † 4. Februar 1218) Tochter von Otto I. von Geldern und Richardis von Bayern. Aus dieser Ehe stammen die Kinder:

* Florens IV., Graf von Holland (* 1210; † 1234)

* Otto III., Bischof von Utrecht († 1249)

* Wilhelm († 1238)

* Ada († 1258), ab 1239 Äbtissin in Rijnsburg

* Ricarda († 1262)

Er heiratete 1220 Maria von Brabant († 1260), die Witwe Kaiser Otto IV.. Die Ehe bleib kinderlos.

Leben [Bearbeiten]

Er nahm 1189 gemeinsam mit seinem Vater Florens III. am Dritten Kreuzzug unter Kaiser Friedrich Barbarossa teil. Auf diesem verstarb sein Vater 1190 in Antiochia.

Nach seiner Rückkehr begehrte er gegen seinen Bruder Dietrich VII. auf, der die väterliche Grafschaft Holland übernommen hatte. Dabei wurde Wilhelm vom Grafen von Flandern und den Friesen unterstützt wurde. 1195 wurden er und seine Verbündeten allerdings bei Egmont von seiner Schwägerin Adelheid von Kleve entscheidend geschlagen und er musste seinen Aufstand aufgeben.

Nach dem Tod Dietrichs 1203 nahm er den Kampf um die Nachfolge in Holland wieder auf, diesmal gegen Dietrichs Tochter Ada und deren Gatten Ludwig II., Graf von Looz. Bis 1206 hatte er sich gegen seine Gegner durchgesetzt.

Im Kampf der Staufer und Welfen tendierte er zum Lager der Staufer. Zwar kämpfte er 1214 im Heer Kaiser Ottos IV. in der Schlacht bei Bouvines. Allerdings wechselte er bald die Seite und schloss sich dem französischen Kronprinzen Ludwig (VIII.) bei seiner Invasion in England 1215/16 an.

Seine Unterstützung für die staufische Partei brachte ihn in Ungnade des Papstes Honorius, weswegen Wilhelm sich 1217 veranlasst sah, sich dem Fünften Kreuzzug anzuschließen.

Im Sommer 1217 brach er mit einer Flotte niederländischer, flämischer und friesischer Kreuzfahrer von Holland aus ins Heilige Land auf. In Portugal ließ er sich vom dortigen König Alfons dem Dicken überreden, dort zu überwintern und für ihn Al-Qasr, Setúbal und Rabeta Ruta von den Mauren zu erobern. Bis April 1218 traf er in Akkon ein. Mit seiner Hilfe gelang im August 1219 nach 16-monatiger Belagerung und erbitterten Kämpfen die Eroberung der ägyptischen Stadt Damiette. Nach der Eroberung der Festung betrachtete er sein Gelübde als erfüllt und kehrte in die Heimat zurück.

Seine erste Frau war in der Zwischenzeit verstorben und er heiratete 1220 in zweiter Ehe Maria von Brabant, die Witwe des Kaisers Otto. Drei Jahre später starb er.

Literatur [Bearbeiten]

* P. L. Müller: Wilhelm I. Graf von Holland. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 43. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1898, S. 81–83.

Weblinks [Bearbeiten]

* genealogie-mittelalter.de

* Foundation of Medieval Genealogy

Vorgänger

Dietrich VII.

Graf von Holland

Counts of Holland Arms.svg

1203–1222 Nachfolger

Florens IV.

Normdaten: PND: 137409850 – weitere Informationen

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Willem I (rond 1165 - 4 februari 1222), bijgenaamd de gek (waarschijnlijk vanwege zijn vechtlust), was sinds 1203 graaf van Holland. Hij volgde zijn broer Dirk VII op als graaf van Holland. Willem I werd begraven in de Abdij van Rijnsburg. Hij heeft veel roem vergaard door zijn deelname aan de vijfde kruistocht.

Willem I was een jongere zoon van graaf Floris III en Ada van Schotland en hij bracht zijn jeugd door in Schotland.

Huwelijk en kinderen

Willem I huwde in 1197 te Stavoren met Aleid van Gelre, dochter van Otto I van Gelre. Uit dit huwelijk werden vijf kinderen geboren:

* Ricardis,

* Ada, die omstreeks 1239 abdis van de abdij van Rijnsburg werd,

* Floris die hem als Floris IV in 1222 opvolgde,

* Otto die in 1234 bisschop van Utrecht werd,

* Willem.

Zijn vrouw Aleid overleed op 12 februari 1218. Willem I nam op dat moment deel aan de vijfde kruistocht. Na zijn terugkeer in Holland in 1220 huwde Willem voor een tweede maal, nu met Maria van Brabant, de weduwe van keizer Otto IV. Dit tweede huwelijk is kinderloos gebleven.

De Broedertwist

In 1189 begeleidde Willem zijn vader toen die deelnam aan de derde kruistocht. Zijn vader overleed in 1190 tijdens de kruistocht en zelf werd Willem tijdens zijn terugtocht in Frankrijk gevangen genomen.

Hij keerde in 1191 in Holland terug en raakte in onmin met zijn oudere broer Dirk VII die zijn vader Floris III als graaf van Holland was opgevolgd. Willem zocht daarom steun bij de opstandige Friezen.

Omdat Dirk op dat moment niet weg kon uit Zeeland stuurde hij zijn vrouw Aleid met een leger naar West-Friesland. In november 1195 kwam het tot een treffen tussen Aleid en haar zwager Willem. Aleid wist het treffen naar haar hand te zetten door de leiders van Niedorp en Winkel om te kopen.

Uiteindelijk werd de ruzie tussen beide broers bijgelegd, en kreeg Willem het bestuur over het graafschap Midden-Friesland. Deze functie bracht Willem echter al snel weer in conflict met zijn broer.

Hendrik de Kraan, heer van Kuinre, hield plundertochten in Midden-Friesland. Willem nam wraak en vernietigde de burcht van Kuinre. Deze Hendrik van Kuinre was leenman van de Bisschop van Utrecht. Dirk VII had van Hendrik VI in 1196 het tijdelijk bewind over het bisdom Utrecht toegekend gekregen, en zijn oom Dirk van Holland als Bisschop van Utrecht laten aanstellen. Dirk VII kon dus niet toestaan dat zijn broer bezittingen van het bisdom Utrecht vernielde, en liet Willem door Hendrik van Kuinre gevangen nemen.

Willem ontsnapte echter en vluchtte naar Otto I van Gelre. Dirk VII was als beheerder van het bisdom Utrecht namelijk in conflict gekomen met Otto van Gelre omdat deze het Oversticht (Overijssel en Drenthe) wilde bemachtigen van het Bisdom. In 1197 trouwde Willem met Aleid van Gelre, de dochter van zijn gastheer.

De Loonse oorlog

Toen graaf Dirk VII in 1203 stierf was van zijn drie kinderen alleen zijn dochter Ada nog in leven. Willem betwistte het recht van opvolging van Ada, die onmiddellijk na de dood van haar vader in het huwelijk was getreden met Lodewijk II van Loon. Het gevolg was de zogenaamde "Loonse oorlog" Aanvankelijk was Willem aan de winnende hand maar in 1204 wist Lodewijk hem met behulp van de steun van de graaf van Vlaanderen en de bisschoppen van Luik en Utrecht naar Zeeland te verdrijven. Vanaf 1205 wist Willem het graafschap vanuit Zeeland te heroveren. In 1206 werd de vrede getekend en formeel werd het graafschap tussen Willem en Lodewijk van Loon opgedeeld. Willem kreeg Zeeland en de streek rond Geertruidenberg, Lodewijk de rest. Het lijkt er echter op dat Willem gewoon door regeerde in Holland. In 1213 ontving hij het graafschap als rijksleen van keizer Otto IV en hierna was Willem I ook in naam Graaf van Holland.

De vijfde kruistocht

In 1216 nam Willem I deel aan een Franse expeditie naar Engeland tegen Jan zonder Land. De Engelse koning bracht het verdrag uit 1206 weer boven tafel en erkende alleen Lodewijk van Loon als graaf van Holland. Ook bereikte hij dat Willem I door de paus in 1216 werd geëxcommuniceerd. Mede om van deze ban af te komen heeft Willem I in 1217 aan de vijfde kruistocht deelgenomen. Op deze tocht verwierf hij veel roem.

Met zijn leger van Friezen, Hollanders en Vlamingen zeilde Willem langs de Europese kust op weg naar het heilige land. Door een storm raakten de schepen uit koers en de vloot, waarbij zich inmiddels ook Engelse schepen hadden gevoegd, zocht beschutting op een Portugese rivier. De Portugese koning Alfons II wist de kruisridders over te halen hem te helpen in de strijd tegen de Moorse overheersing in zijn land. Willem I gaf gehoor aan het verzoek en voer op 30 juli 1217 met zijn vloot naar Lissabon. De stad was tachtig jaar eerder tijdens de tweede kruistocht bevrijd, maar de Moren waren nooit helemaal verdreven uit Portugal. Na een hevige strijd om fort al-Kasr en met de belofte van Willem I op een vrije aftocht gaven de Moren zich op 21 oktober 1217 over. Eenmaal buiten de vesting stortte het leger van Willem I zich op de ongewapende Moren en slachtte dezen af. Als dank bood de Portugese koning de kruisridders land aan; vele ridders aanvaardden dit. Willem I verloor hierdoor een groot deel van zijn leger en vroeg daarom aan Paus Honorius III om hem te ontheffen van zijn kruisvaartverplichting en hem toe te staan in plaats daarvan de strijd in Portugal voort te zetten, maar de paus weigerde om op dit verzoek in te gaan. Een deel van de vloot ging daarna op weg naar Akko. Willem zelf overwinterde met de rest van de vloot in Portugal en zou later volgen.

In de lente van 1218 kwam Willem met de Friezen, Hollanders en Engelsen aan in Akko, waar de andere kruisridders zich reeds hadden verzameld. Besloten werd om de Noord-Egyptische stad Damiate te veroveren, zodat daarna de rest van het door de Ayyubiden geregeerde rijk kon worden ingenomen. Op 27 mei 1218 kwamen de kruisridders aan bij Damiate, en op 5 november 1219 viel de stad in handen van de kruisvaarders. De Egyptische Sultan al-Kamil stelde daarop voor om Damiate te ruilen voor Jeruzalem. De meeste kruisridders waren ingenomen met dit voorstel, maar de pauselijke afgezant Pelagius weigerde. Niet door onderhandelingen, maar door strijd moest Jeruzalem worden ingenomen. Toen Willem I dit hoorde onstak hij in woede en keerde met zijn leger terug naar huis.

Pelagius en een deel van de kruisridders trokken verder Egypte in richting Caïro, maar zij werden verrast door de jaarlijkse overstroming van de Nijl. Hun legerplaats veranderde in een eiland en ze moesten het pas veroverde Damiate opgeven in ruil voor een vrije aftocht. Ontgoocheld keerden ze terug naar huis.

Bestuur

Willem I verleende stadsrechten aan Geertruidenberg (1213), Middelburg (1217), Dordrecht (1220) en waarschijnlijk ook aan Leiden. Tijdens zijn bewind zijn een aantal belangrijke waterstaatkundige werken uitgevoerd, waaronder de bedijking van de Groote of Hollandsche Waard.

Verder gaf hij een belangrijke aanzet tot het ontstaan van de hoogheemraadschappen.

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William I (c. 1167, The Hague – 4 February 1222), Count of Holland from 1203 to 1222. He was the younger son of Floris III and Ada of Scotland.

Life

William was raised in Scotland. He started a revolt against his brother, Dirk VII and became count in Friesland after a reconciliation. Friesland was considered as a part of Holland by the Counts of Holland. His niece, Ada, eventually inherited Holland in 1203, but William couldn't accept this. After a civil war, which lasted for several years, William won the war. Louis and Ada were supported by the bishop of Liège and bishop of Utrecht, and the count of Flanders. William was supported by the duke of Brabant and by the majority of the Hollanders.

Emperor Otto IV acknowledged him as count of Holland in 1203, because he was a supporter of the Welfs. He and many others changed allegiance to emperor Frederick II after the battle of Bouvines in 1214. He took part in a French expedition against king John of England. The pope excommunicated him for this.

Possibly because of this, William then became a fervent crusader. He campaigned in Prussia and joined in the conquest of Lisbon. In Europe, he came to be called William the Crazy for his chivalric and reckless behaviour in battle. William conquered the city of Damietta during the Fifth Crusade.

Evolution of the county

There were great changes in the landscape of Holland in the end of the 12th and during the 13th century. Many colonists bought land to turn the swamps into polders. Most of the swamps had been sold, and irrigation had started during the reign of William. Huge infrastructural works were done; the island called Grote Waard was enclosed with dikes all around and a dam was built at Spaarndam. New governmental bodies were created, the so-called waterschappen and hoogheemraadschappen, which were charged with the task of protecting the polders against ever-present threat of flooding. Count William granted city rights to Geertruidenberg in 1213, to Dordrecht in 1217, to Middelburg in 1220 and perhaps also to Leiden. In this way he gave an impulse to trade.

Family

Count William was married twice. First, he was married in 1197 at Stavoren to Adelheid of Guelders, daughter of Otto I, Count of Guelders and Richarde of Bavaria. Adelheid died on 12 February 1218 while William was away on crusade. On his return he married secondly, in July 1220, Marie of Brabant, daughter of Henry I, Duke of Brabant and Maud of Boulogne and Alsace. She was the widow of Emperor Otto IV. William and his first wife Adelaide had the following children:

Floris IV, Count of Holland (24 June 1210 The Hague–19 July 1234, Corbie, France).

Otto (d. 1249), Regent of Holland in 1238-1239, Bishop of Utrecht.

Willem (d. 1238), Regent of Holland in 1234-1238.

Richardis (d. 1262).

Ada (d. 1258), Abbess at Rijnsburg 1239.

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William I (c. 1167, The Hague – 4 February 1222), Count of Holland from 1203 to 1222. He was the younger son of Floris III and Ada of Scotland.

Count William was married twice. First, he was married in 1197 at Stavoren to Adelheid of Guelders, daughter of Otto I, Count of Guelders and Richarde of Bavaria. Adelheid died on 12 February 1208 while William was away on crusade. On his return he married secondly, in July 1220, Marie of Brabant, daughter of Henry I, Duke of Brabant and Maud of Boulogne and Alsace. She was the widow of Emperor Otto IV. William and his first wife Adelaide had the following children:

Floris IV, Count of Holland (24 June 1210 The Hague–19 July 1234, Corbie, France).

Otto (d. 1249), Regent of Holland in 1238-1239, Bishop of Utrecht.

Willem (d. 1238), Regent of Holland in 1234-1238.

Richardis (d. 1262).

Ada (d. 1258), Abbess at Rijnsburg 1239.

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William I (c. 1167, The Hague – 4 February 1222), Count of Holland from 1203 to 1222. He was the younger son of Floris III and Ada of Scotland.

Count William was married twice. First, he was married in 1197 at Stavoren to Adelheid of Guelders, daughter of Otto I, Count of Guelders and Richarde of Bavaria. Adelheid died on 12 February 1208 while William was away on crusade. On his return he married secondly, in July 1220, Marie of Brabant, daughter of Henry I, Duke of Brabant and Maud of Boulogne and Alsace. She was the widow of Emperor Otto IV. William and his first wife Adelaide had the following children:

Floris IV, Count of Holland (24 June 1210 The Hague–19 July 1234, Corbie, France).

Otto (d. 1249), Regent of Holland in 1238-1239, Bishop of Utrecht.

Willem (d. 1238), Regent of Holland in 1234-1238.

Richardis (d. 1262).

Ada (d. 1258), Abbess at Rijnsburg 1239.

Willem was born about 1170, the second son of Floris III, Count of Holland, and Aleida of Scotland. When his father died on crusade in 1190 he was succeeded by his eldest son Dirk VII. Willem, who was raised in Scotland, started a revolt against hi s brother Dirk. After a reconciliation he became count in Friesland, which was considered a part of Holland by the counts of Holland. In 1198 Willem married Aleida van Gelre, daughter of Otto I, Count of Gelre and Richardis von Scheyern-Wittelsbach. He and Aleida had five children, of who two sons, Floris IV and Otto, had progeny. On the death of Dirk VII in 1203, his daughter Ada, Willem's niece, inherited the county of Holland in her own right. In November of that year she married Lodewijk II, Count of Loon, to strengthen her position. Willem did not accept her right to th e county, and civil war broke out. Willem had the support of the population who resented a woman as their lord, especially when she had apparently so callously married a foreigner when her father had just died. Lodewijk and Ada were supported by th e bishops of Liege and Utrecht and the count of Flanders. Willem had the support of the duke of Brabant and the majority of Hollanders. Ada was quickly captured by Willem's supporters and taken to the citadel of Leiden. She was later taken to England. Lodewijk managed to win Ada's freedom in 1207, but she had to accept the loss of her county in exchange. Ada and Lodewijk did not ke ep their promise and continued the fight. The civil war in Holland became part of a major international war between France and the Hohenstaufen dynasty on one side and England and the Welf dynasty on the other. Willem managed to gain the county of Holland through clever manoeuvring between the two sides, and Lodewijk and Ada had to surrender their claims to it. Willem first became an ally of King John of England. The Welf Emperor Otto IV had acknowledged Willem as count of Holland in 1203, as he was a supporter of the Welfs. However he and many others changed allegiance to the Hohenstaufen Emperor Friedri ch II after the coalition of John and Emperor Otto IV was defeated by the French under Philippe II Augustus at the battle of Bouvines on 27 July 1214. Willem took part in a French expedition against King John, who understandably did not approve of this and reminded the pope of Lodewijk's rights to the county of Holland, asking for these rights to be endorsed. The pope obligingly placed the Church's ban on Willem, forbidding him to attend church or even take part in any kind of church servic e. Possibly to release himself from this ban, Willem became a fervent crusader. He campaigned in Prussia and joined the conquest of Lisbon. In Europe he was called Willem 'the Crazy' for his chivalric behaviour. He was involved in the siege of the city of Damietta in Egypt during the Fifth Crusade. There was an enormous change in the landscape of Holland in the end of the 12th and during the 13th century. Many colonists bought land to turn the swamps into polders. Most of the swamps had been sold, and irrigation had started during Willem's re ign. Huge infrastructure projects were undertaken. Dikes were constructed around the island of Grote Waard, and a dam was built at Spaarndam. New constitutional bodies were created, the 'waterschappen, and 'hoogheemraadschappen', which were meant t o protect the polders against the sea. Willem encouraged trade by giving city rights to Middelburg, Dordrecht, Geertruidenberg and possibly also to Leiden. Willem's first wife Aleida died in 1218, and in 1220 he married Maria of Brabant, daughter of Hendrik I, Duke of Brabant and Mathilde de Boulogne. There was no issue from this marriage. Willem died on 12 February 1222, and was succeeded by his son Floris IV.

Willem was born about 1170, the second son of Floris III, Count of Holland, and Aleida of Scotland. When his father died on crusade in 1190 he was succeeded by his eldest son Dirk VII. Willem, who was raised in Scotland, started a revolt against his brother Dirk. After a reconciliation he became count in Friesland, which was considered a part of Holland by the counts of Holland.

In 1198 Willem married Aleida van Gelre, daughter of Otto I, Count of Gelre and Richardis von Scheyern-Wittelsbach. He and Aleida had five children, of who two sons, Floris IV and Otto, had progeny.

On the death of Dirk VII in 1203, his daughter Ada, Willem's niece, inherited the county of Holland in her own right. In November of that year she married Lodewijk II, Count of Loon, to strengthen her position. Willem did not accept her right to the county, and civil war broke out. Willem had the support of the population who resented a woman as their lord, especially when she had apparently so callously married a foreigner when her father had just died. Lodewijk and Ada were supported by the bishops of Liege and Utrecht and the count of Flanders. Willem had the support of the duke of Brabant and the majority of Hollanders.

Ada was quickly captured by Willem's supporters and taken to the citadel of Leiden. She was later taken to England. Lodewijk managed to win Ada's freedom in 1207, but she had to accept the loss of her county in exchange. Ada and Lodewijk did not keep their promise and continued the fight.

The civil war in Holland became part of a major international war between France and the Hohenstaufen dynasty on one side and England and the Welf dynasty on the other. Willem managed to gain the county of Holland through clever manoeuvring between the two sides, and Lodewijk and Ada had to surrender their claims to it.

Willem first became an ally of King John of England. The Welf Emperor Otto IV had acknowledged Willem as count of Holland in 1203, as he was a supporter of the Welfs. However he and many others changed allegiance to the Hohenstaufen Emperor Friedrich II after the coalition of John and Emperor Otto IV was defeated by the French under Philippe II Augustus at the battle of Bouvines on 27 July 1214. Willem took part in a French expedition against King John, who understandably did not approve of this and reminded the pope of Lodewijk's rights to the county of Holland, asking for these rights to be endorsed. The pope obligingly placed the Church's ban on Willem, forbidding him to attend church or even take part in any kind of church service. Possibly to release himself from this ban, Willem became a fervent crusader. He campaigned in Prussia and joined the conquest of Lisbon. In Europe he was called Willem 'the Crazy' for his chivalric behaviour. He was involved in the siege of the city of Damietta in Egypt during the Fifth Crusade.

There was an enormous change in the landscape of Holland in the end of the 12th and during the 13th century. Many colonists bought land to turn the swamps into polders. Most of the swamps had been sold, and irrigation had started during Willem's reign. Huge infrastructure projects were undertaken. Dikes were constructed around the island of Grote Waard, and a dam was built at Spaarndam. New constitutional bodies were created, the 'waterschappen, and 'hoogheemraadschappen', which were meant to protect the polders against the sea. Willem encouraged trade by giving city rights to Middelburg, Dordrecht, Geertruidenberg and possibly also to Leiden.

Willem's first wife Aleida died in 1218, and in 1220 he married Maria of Brabant, daughter of Hendrik I, Duke of Brabant and Mathilde de Boulogne. There was no issue from this marriage.

Willem died on 12 February 1222, and was succeeded by his son Floris IV.

CRA

15/150. Willem I van Holland (vernoemd naar de broer van zijn moeder, de
Schotse koning William the Lyon), geb. ca. 1168, groeit waarschijnlijk op in Engeland
en Schotland en neemt van daar uit deel aan de Derde Kruistocht (1189),
ook nadat hij zijn vader in Antiochië heeft begraven; keert pas in 1195 naar Holland
terug, waar hij door zijn broer (Dirk VII) wordt uitgesloten van opvolging,
en met steun van de Westfriezen een strijd begint; wordt na verzoening belast
met het Utrechts-Hollands condominium over Midden-Friesland met als titel
'graaf van Oostergo, van Westergo en in Staveren'; keert tijdens de ziekte van
Dirk VII (overl. 4-11-1203) naar Holland terug, wordt daar geweerd door zijn
schoonzuster, haar dochter Ada en haar schoonzoon graaf Lodewijk II van
Loon; maakt zich in een burgeroorlog (welke nog voortgezet wordt tot 1207/08)
echter meester van de macht in Holland en Zeeland, waar hij in de loop van zijn
regering tal van waterstaatkundige werken tot stand brengt; wordt met Holland
beleend door keizer Otto IV Nijmegen 13-1-1213 en neemt aan de Welfisch-
Engelse zijde deel aan de slag bij Bouvines 27-7-1214, vertrekt om aan een nieuw
proces van Ada en Lodewijk van Loon te ontkomen op kruistocht 29-5-1217;
strijdt in Portugal en mogelijk bij de inname van Damiate (6-11-1219); bezoekt
op de terugreis de hofdag te Mainz van Frederik II april 1220, met wie hij goede
betrekkingen aanknoopt; verkrijgt bij zijn tweede huwelijk (met Maria van
Brabant, weduwe van keizer Otto IV) het toen Brabantse deel van het eiland Tholen
juli 1220, overl. 4-2-1222, begr. Rijnsburg,
tr. (1) Staveren 1197
Aleida van Gelre, geb. ca. 1187, overl. 12-2-1218, begr. Rijnsburg, dr. van Otto I
graaf van Gelre en Zutphen, en Richardis van Scheyern-Wittelsbach.

Willem I van Holland, ovl. 04.02.1222, begraven in Rijnsburg, ref. nr. 07.03.2004 GrJ389,352, ES XVIII-26, VERWp136, GrP,5,10,[72],[73] Graaf van Holland. Nam aan de Derde Kruistocht deel met zijn vader en aan de Vijfde Kruistocht in 1217 om van de ban ontslagen te worden, waarbij hij in Portugal en Egypte veel roem verwierf, hij veroverde Damiate 1219. Willem is een centrale figuur in de oudere geschiedenis van Holland. Hij gaf stadsrechten aan Geertruidenberg, Middelburg, Dordrecht, en Leiden(?). Willem creëerde waterschappen met verordenende bevoegdheden, en hij verbeterde het gehele dijk-, dammen- en sluizenstelsel. Met dit verbluffende programma maakt hij zijn door watersnood bedreigde land leefbaar voor het nageslacht. Hij hertrouwt juli 1220 Maria van Brabant, weduwe van Otto van Brunswijk. Hij trouwde met (1) Aleida van Gelre, getrouwd 1197 in Stavoren, geb. ca. 1187, ovl. 12.02.1218, begraven in Rijnsburg, ref. nr. 20.02.2004 GrJ389, ES XVIII-26.5,10 Partner NN, ref. nr. 06.03.2004 GrJ352,389.5

COUNT OF HOLLAND

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