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Persoonlijke gegevens Boris- Mihail I van Bulgarije 

• Hij is geboren in het jaar 848 in Preslav.
• (Geschiedenis) .Bron 1

  De heilige Boris I (Bulgaars: ????? I (??????), - 7 mei 907) was vorst van Bulgarije van 853 tot 889.
  
  Hoewel hij door westerse geestelijken in aanraking gekomen was met het Christendom, werd hij door de Byzantijnse keizer gedwongen zich te laten dopen volgens de rites van de Oosterse kerk. In 864 werden hij, zijn familie en enkele Bulgaarse notabelen gedoopt, waarbij Boris de christelijke naam "Michael" aannam, naar zijn peetoom. Ondanks groot verzet onder de edelen van het land zette hij zich in voor de kerstening van zijn land.
  
  Voor de nieuwe kerk in Bulgarije streefde hij naar een onafhankelijk patriarchaat, los van dat van Byzantium. Hieraan werd echter geen gehoor gegeven, en dus besloot Boris zich te wenden tot de paus. Paus Nicolaas I liet zich niet uit over een onafhankelijk kerkelijk bestuur, maar stuurde wel een delegatie, onder wie de latere paus Formosus, om Boris bij te staan bij zijn kerstening van het land. Boris I raakte zo onder de indruk van Formosus, dat hij een verzoek bij Nicolaas I indiende, om Formosus aartsbisschop van Bulgarije te maken. Nicolaas I weigerde dit verzoek, zich baserend op de kerkelijke wet, dat een bisschop niet van bisdom kon veranderen (Formosus was kardinaal-bisschop van Porto; in het proces van Formosus, dat bekend zou worden onder de naam Kadaversynode, was dit een van de aangevoerde argumenten; Formosus zou een ander bisdom hebben geambieerd.)
  
  Toen ook onder Nicolaas' opvolger, paus Adrianus II, zijn verzoek tot aanstelling van Formosus werd afgewezen (op dezelfde gronden) wendde hij zich tot de oostelijke kerk en voerde de liturgie van de slavenapostelen Cyrillus en Methodius in. Hij was de stichter van de Literaire School van Preslav.
  
  In 889 legde hij zijn functie als vorst neer en werd hij monnik. Zijn feestdag is op 7 mei. Boris is de patroon van Bulgarije.

• (Levens event) .Bron 2

  Boris I, also known as Boris-Mihail (Michael) and Bogoris (Bulgarian: ????? I / ?????-??????; died 2 May 907) was the Knyaz (Prince) of the First Bulgarian Empire in 852–889. At the time of his baptism in 864, Boris was named Michael after his godfather, Emperor Michael III. The historian Steven Runciman called him one of the greatest persons in history.[1]
  
  Despite a number of military setbacks, the reign of Boris I was marked with significant events that shaped Bulgarian and Slavic history. With the Christianization of Bulgaria the traditional state religion Tengriism was abolished. A skilful diplomat, Boris I successfully exploited the conflict between the Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Papacy to secure an autocephalous Bulgarian Church, thus dealing with the nobility's concerns about Byzantine interference in Bulgaria's internal affairs.
  
  When in 885 the disciples of Saints Cyril and Methodius were banished from Great Moravia, Boris I gave them refuge and provided assistance to develop the Slavic alphabet and literature. After he abdicated in 889, his eldest son and successor tried to restore the old pagan religion but was deposed by Boris I. During the Council of Preslav which followed that event, the Byzantine clergy was replaced with Bulgarian and the Greek language was replaced with Old Church Slavonic as an official language of the Church and the state.
  
  He is regarded as a saint in the Orthodox Church, as the Prince and baptizer of Bulgaria and Equal-to-the-Apostles, with his feast day observed on May 2.
  
  After the official act of conversion to Christianity Boris adopted the Christian name Michael. He is sometimes called Boris-Michael in historical research.
  
  The only direct evidence of Boris's title are his seals and the inscription found near the town of Ballsh, modern Albania, and at Varna. There he is called by the Byzantine title "Archon of Bulgaria", which is usually translated as "ruler", and in 10-11th centuries - also as "Knyaz".[3] In the Bulgarian sources from that period Boris I is called "Knyaz" and during the Second Bulgarian Empire - "Tsar".[4]
  
  In modern historiography Boris is called by different titles. Most historians accept that he changed his title after the conversion to Christianity. According to them before the baptism he had the title Han[5] or Khan,[6][7] and after that Knyaz.[8] According to other theory the title Knyaz was used by Bulgarian rulers since the reign of Asparukh.[9]
  Reign
  Situation in Central Europe in the middle of the 9th century
  
  The early 9th century marked the beginning of a fierce rivalry between the Greek East and Latin West, which would ultimately lead to the schism between the Eastern Orthodox Church in Constantinople and the Catholic Church in Rome.
  
  When Charlemagne was proclaimed Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire the Pope[who?] broke its[clarification needed] political relation with Byzantines and was naturally supported by the Franks. After the Treaty of Verdun in 843 the strong and aggressive Eastern Francia united most of the German people[clarification needed] and began to expand towards Slavic populated lands to the east. That expansion was fully supported by Rome which sought ways to extend its influence to the east.[citation needed] As a response Mojmír I managed to unite some Slavic princes and formed Great Moravia in 833. His successor Rastislav fought against the Germans.[10] Both states tried to maintain good relations with Bulgaria on account of its considerable military power.
  Military campaigns
  Bulgaria under rule of Boris I
  
  Boris I was the son and successor of Presian I of Bulgaria. In 852 he sent emissaries to the Eastern Francia to confirm the peace treaty from 845.[11][12] At the time of his accession he threatened the Byzantines with an invasion but his armies did not attack[13] and received a small area in Strandzha to the south-east.[14] The peace treaty, however, was not signed although both states exchanged temporary delegations.[15] In 854 the Moravian Prince Rastislav persuaded Boris I to help him against East Francia. According to some sources, some Franks bribed the Bulgarian monarch to attack Louis.[16] The Bulgarian-Slav campaign was a disaster and Louis the German scored a great victory and invaded Bulgaria.[17] In the same time the Croats waged a war against the Bulgarians. Both peoples had coexisted peacefully to that moment which suggests that the Croats were paid by Louis to attack Bulgaria and distract Boris' attention from his alliance with Great Moravia.[18] Kanasubigi Boris could not achieve any success and in the both sides changed gifts and settled peace.[19] As a result of the military actions in 855 the peace between Bulgaria and Eastern Francia was restored and Rastislav was forced to fight against Louis alone. A conflict between the Byzantines and Bulgarians started in 855-856, when Boris was distracted by his conflict with Louis. Philippopolis (Plovdiv), the region of Zagora and the ports around the Gulf of Burgas on the Black Sea were recaptured by the Byzantine army led by Michael III and the caesar Bardas.[20][21]
  
  In spite of various reverses, Boris succeeded in maintaining the territorial integrity of his realm.
  Serbia
  
  After the death of Knez Vlastimir of Serbia circa 850, his state was divided between his sons. Vlastimir and Boris' father had fought each other in the Bulgarian-Serbian War of 839-842, which resulted in a Serbian victory, and Boris sought to avenge that defeat. In 853 or 854, the Bulgarian army led by Vladimir-Rasate, the son of Boris I, invaded Serbia, with the aim to replace the Byzantine overlordship on the Serbs. The Serbian army was led by Mutimir and his two brothers and defeated the Bulgarians, capturing Vladimir and 12 boyars.[22] Boris I and Mutimir agreed on peace (and perhaps an alliance[22]), and Mutimir sent his sons Pribislav and Stefan to the border to escort the prisoners, where they exchanged items as a sign of peace, Boris himself gave them "rich gifts", while he was given "two slaves, two falcons, two dogs, and 80 furs".[23][24][25]
  
  An internal conflict among the Serbian brothers resulted in Mutimir banishing the two younger brothers to the Bulgarian court.[26][22] Mutimir, however, kept a nephew, Petar, in his court, for political reasons.[27] The reason of the feud is not known, however, it is postulated that it was a result of treachery.[27] Petar would later defeat Pribislav, Mutimir's son, and take the Serbian throne.
  Baptism
  Depiction in the Madrid Skylitzes of Boris I' baptism.
  
  For a variety of reasons, Boris became interested in converting to Christianity and undertook to do that at the hands of western clergymen to be supplied by Louis the German in 863. However, late in the same year, the Byzantine Empire invaded Bulgaria during a period of famine and natural disasters. Taken by surprise, Boris was forced to sue for peace and agreed to convert to Christianity according to the eastern rites in exchange for peace and territorial concessions in Thrace (he regained the region of Zagora recently recovered by the Byzantines).[28] At the beginning of 864 Boris was secretly baptized at Pliska by an embassy of Byzantine clergymen, together with his family and select members of the Bulgarian nobility.[29] With Emperor Michael III as his godfather, Boris also adopted the Christian name Michael.[30] However, a document was discovered in Albania by the Austrian archaeologist Camillo Praschniker during WWI, in Byllis, (or Ballsh in modern Albania) that says: (evaftiste o arhon Bulgarias Boris o metonomastheis Mihail sin to ek Theu dhedhomeno av to ethnei tous s t o d) "...was baptized the archon of Bulgaria, Boris, called Mihal together with his people given to him by God, Year 6374" (=866 AD). Boris' conversion inspired a reaction by his pagan subjects, including many important notables. There are a few versions as to why Boris converted to Christianity. Some historians attribute it to the intervention of his sister who had already converted while being at Constantinople.[30] Another story mention a Greek slave in the ruler's court.[30] A more mythological version is the one in which Boris is astonished and frightened by an icon of Judgement day and thus decides to adopt Christianity.[30]
  
  Conversion to Christianity met great opposition in Bulgaria. In the summer of 865 a group of aristocrats (boyars) started an open revolt.[30] Boris ruthlessly suppressed it and executed 52 boyars together with their entire families.[1] Thus the Christianization continued.
  Bulgarian Church
  Depiction in the Manases Chronicle of Boris I' baptism.
  
  At the same time Boris sought further instruction on how to lead a Christian lifestyle and society and how to set up an autocephalous church from the Byzantine Patriarch Photios. Photios' answer proved less than satisfactory, and Boris sought to gain a more favorable settlement from the Papacy.[31] Boris dispatched emissaires led by the kavhan Peter with a long list of questions to Pope Nicholas I at Rome in August 866, and obtained 106 detailed answers, detailing the essence of religion, law, politics, customs and personal faith. The pope temporarily glossed over the controversial question of the autocephalous status desired by Boris for his church and sent a large group of missionaries to continue the conversion of Bulgaria in accordance with the western rite.[32] Bulgaria's shift towards the Papacy infuriated Patriarch Photios who wrote an encyclical to the eastern clergy in 867, in which he denounced the practices associated with the western rite and Rome's ecclesiastical intervention in Bulgaria.[32] This occasioned the Photian Schism, which was a major step in the rift between the eastern and western churches.
  
  In Bulgaria the activities of the papal legate Bishop Formosus (later Pope Formosus) met with success, until the pope rejected Boris' request to nominate Formosus archbishop of Bulgaria. The new Pope Adrian II refused Boris' request for a similar nomination of either Formosus or Deacon Marinus (later Pope Marinus I), after which Bulgaria began to shift towards Constantinople once again. At the Fourth Council of Constantinople in 870 the position of the Bulgarian church was reopened by Bulgarian envoys, and the eastern patriarchs adjudicated in favor of Constantinople. This determined the future of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, which was granted the status of an autocephalous archbishopric by the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Later in the 870s the Patriarch of Constantinople surrendered Bulgaria to the Papacy, but this concession was purely nominal, as it did not affect the actual position of Bulgaria's autocephalous church.[33]
  Cyrillic alphabet and Slavic language as official in Bulgaria
  Tsar Boris I meeting the disciples of Saints Cyril and Methodius
  
  In 886 Boris' governor of Belgrade welcomed the disciples of Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius, who were exiled from Great Moravia into Bulgaria and sent them on to Boris in Pliska. Two of these disciples, Clement of Ohrid and Naum of Preslav who were of noble Bulgarian origin, set up educational centers in Pliska and in Ohrid to further the development of Slavonic letters and liturgy. The alphabet that was originally developed by Cyril and Methodius is known as the Glagolitic alphabet. In Bulgaria Clement of Ohrid and Naum of Preslav however created (or rather compiled) a new alphabet which was called Cyrillic and was declared the official alphabet. The Slavic language also was declared as official in 893. In the following centuries this alphabet was adopted by other Slavic peoples. The introduction of Slavic liturgy paralleled Boris' continued development of churches and monasteries throughout his realm.
  
  In 889 Boris abdicated the throne and became a monk. His son and successor Vladimir attempted a pagan reaction, which brought Boris out of retirement in 893. Vladimir was defeated and Boris had him blinded, his wife shaved and sent to a monastery, and Boris's grandchild sold into prostitution to the Saracens. Boris gathered the Council of Preslav placing his third son, Tsar Simeon I of Bulgaria on the throne, threatening him with the same fate if he too apostatized. Boris returned to his monastery, emerging once again in c. 895 to help Simeon fight the Magyars, who had invaded Bulgaria in alliance with the Byzantines. After the passing of this crisis, Boris resumed monastic life and died in 907. The location of his retreat, where perhaps he was entered, is not certain; it may be near Preslav but also in Pliska or in a monastery near Varna or Ravda.
  
  St. Boris Peak on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named for Boris I of Bulgaria.

• Hij is overleden op 2 mei 907, hij was toen 59 jaar oud.
• Een kind van Presian I van Bulgarije
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 14 december 2012.

Gezin van Boris- Mihail I van Bulgarije

Hij is getrouwd met Maria.

Zij zijn getrouwd

Kind(eren):

1. Anna van Bulgarije  
2. Evpraksiya van Bulgarije  
3. Gavrail van Bulgarije  
4. Vladimir-Rasate van Bulgarije  -893
5. Simeon I van Bulgarije  864-927 

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