Isaac II "Ισαάκιος Β' Άγγελος" Angelos Byzantine Emperor (± 1156-± 1204) » Familienstammbaum Homs

Persönliche Daten Isaac II "Ισαάκιος Β' Άγγελος" Angelos Byzantine Emperor

Alternative Name: Emperor Isaac II of the East
Spitzname ist Ισαάκιος Β' Άγγελος.
Er wurde geboren rund September 1156 in Byzantium (Constantinople), Turkey.
Er wurde getauft in .
Fetauft (im Alter von 8 Jahren oder später) von der Priestertumsvollmacht der HLT-Kirche in SUBMITTED.
Alternative: Fetauft (im Alter von 8 Jahren oder später) von der Priestertumsvollmacht der HLT-Kirche am 8. September 1989.
Berufe:

.
.
{geni:job_title} Empereur, de Byzance
in Eastern Roman Emperor.
{geni:job_title} Byzantine Emperor

Er ist verstorben rund JAN 1204 TO 12-04-1204 in Byzantium (Constantinople), Turkey.
Ein Kind von Andronikos Dukas Angelo und Euphrosyne Kastamonitissa
Diese Information wurde zuletzt aktualisiert am 12. August 2011.

Familie von Isaac II "Ισαάκιος Β' Άγγελος" Angelos Byzantine Emperor

Er hat eine Beziehung mit Herina Tornikaina.

Kind(er):

Irini Maria Maria ± 1180-± 1208

Notizen bei Isaac II "Ισαάκιος Β' Άγγελος" Angelos Byzantine Emperor

Keiser av Bysants 1185-1195 og 1203-1204.
Isak var den første bysantiske keiser av slekten Angelos. Han fortrengte ved et opprør
sin forgjenger, Andronikos I Komenos (1183-1185, sønn til Isak Komnenos) og besteg
keisertronen 12.09.1185.
Som keiser måtte han kjempe mot oppstander av bulgarer og vlakker, som tilføyet ham
flere nederlag, men det lyktes ham å fordrive de sicilianske normanner fra riket.
Under det tredje korstog kom Fredrik Barbarossa til Bysants, det sies i spissen for en
hær på 100.000 mann. Delbrück setter tallet på ryttere til 3000, mens det er betydelig
vanskeligere å beregne fotfolkenes antall. Han ble mottatt alt annet enn vennskapelig av Isak,
som ikke likte at Fredrik kalte seg romersk keiser. I de skrivelser han sendte ham, anslo Isak
en meget overlegen tone og titulerte ham rett og slett Tysklands konge, ja, han lot til og med
som om han ikke viste hva han het, mens han derimot alltid brukte titelen ?Romernes keiser?
om seg selv. Fredrik svarte i samme tone. I flere brev til ?Hellenernes konge? hevdet han å ha
arvet retten til å herske over det romerske keiserrike etter sine forgjengere, de ærerike
romerske keisere. ?Roma er faktisk verdens hovedstad,? skrev han, og han lot Isak forstå at
Hellas' konge i virkeligheten var hans vasall.
De fornemme biskoper og grever som Fredrik Barbarossa sendte til Bysants for å
forberede Isak på keiserens ankomst, ble skjendig behandlet, ja, ble til og med kastet i fengsel
og fratatt alt de eide. Men til slutt fant bysantineren det likevel rådeligst å sette dem på frifot og
sende en delegasjon til keiser Fredrik. Ingen kunne av Fredrik Barbarossas opptreden ane
hvilke følelser som rørte seg hos ham på denne tiden da han var sterkt inne på tanken om å
gjengjelde Isaks hovmodighet med å ta Bysants. Med overlegen og fin ironi besvarte han den
østromerske keisers fornærmelser. Ettersom Isak hadde latt Fredriks sendemenn stå under hele
audiensen hos ham, til tross for deres høye rang, nødet nå Fredrik hele den hellenske
delegasjon, til og med rideknekter, tjenere og kokker, til å sette seg med en gang de kom, og
ingen ydmyke protester hjalp.
Etter disse merkverdige preludiene, tok keiseren omsider bladet fra munnen og sang ut.
Og da han samtidig lot sine menn herje på østromersk jord, ble Isak enda mykere og skyndte
seg å sette korsfarerne over Hellesponten.
Isaks ødselhet førte til store skatter og sterk misnøye. 08.04.1195 ble han da også
styrtet og blindet av sin egen bror, Alexios III (1195-1203).
Mot slutten av 1100-tallet led venetianernes handelsinteresser et stort avbrekk ved at
det kom en knute på tråden mellom dem og den østromerske keiseren. Under det fjerde
korstog, ?Kremmerkorstoget? fra 1202 til 1204, utnyttet nå Venezias doge og råd korsfarerne
med klok beregning. Korsridderne, som denne gang, akkurat som i første korstog, overveiende
besto av franskmenn, samlet seg i Venezia i 1202. Mot en godtgjørelse på over 3 millioner
kroner hadde nemlig byen påtatt seg å skaffe dem underhold og sette dem over til Egypt, hvor
de aktet å ?oppsøke løven i dens hule?. Men nå fikk venetianerene plutselig en kjærkommen
anledning til å blande sg inn i det østromerske rikes affærer. En bysantisk prins og
tronpretendent, Isaks sønn Alexios, kom nemlig til korsfarerne og ba om hjelp mot sin onkel,
som hadde styrtet hans far fra tronen og overtatt regjeringen. Prinsen fristet dem med
forespeilinger om at han til takk ville arbeide for en sammenslutning av den gresk-ortodokse og
den romersk-katolske kirken og skaffe korsfarerne hjelpetropper til den avgjørende kamp mot
muhammedanerne. Med god hjelp fra dogen i Venezia, greide prinsen å overtale korsfarerne til
å sette kursen for Bysants. At det gikk så lett å få dem med å dette, skyldtes nok ellers ikke
minst at de ikke maktet å betale overfarten til Egypt.
Isak kom nå på tronen igjen sammen med sin sønn, Alexios IV, den 18.08.1203.
Hverken korsfarerne eller hans befolkning var imidlertid tilfreds. Allerede i 1204, 28/29
januar, ble han styrtet av en slektning, Alexios Murzuflos V og døde kort tid etter.
Isak var gift 2 ganger:
1. gang med Irene, mor til ??? Angela og død før 1186,
2. gang med Margrete av Ungarn.
Bysants, denne sterkt befestede byen ved Bosporus, som inntil da hadde kastet alle
angripere tilbake, var nå sterkt svekket av partistridigheter. Etter mange kamper og forviklinger
ble Bysants tatt med storm av ?korsfarerne? 13.04.1204. Den dagen ble en av de
mørkeste i kulturens historie. Helt til da hadde hellensk kunst hatt et siste fristed i Bysants. Men
nå brøt ødeleggelsens vederstyggelighet inn over disse uerstattelige skjønnhetsverdiene.
Bronsestatuene ble støpt om til pengestykker, og marmorskulpturer av Lysippos, Fidias og
Praxiteles ble knust og kastet på sjøen av ren ødeleggelseslyst. Intet fikk være i fred for
?korsfarerne?, ikke engang kirkene med sin relikvieskatter, for ikke å snakke om palassene
og de underjordiske skattkamrene. Fullstendig overveldet fant de griske vesterlandske
krigerne seg stilt overfor så dyrebare relikvier som meterlange stykker av Kristi kors, ?tykke
som benet på en mann?, jernspissen på den lansen Kristus ble stukket i siden med, to av de
spikerne han var blitt naglet til korset med, en krystallflaske med Jesu blod, tornekronen som
han ble kronet med og kjortelen han hadde på seg. Guds mors drakt og døperen Johannes'
hode fant de også. Selv keisergravene ble åpnet og plyndret på sine kostbarheter av gull,
perler og edelstener, og på toppen av all denne elendigheten brøt det ut en stor brann som la
over halvparten av byen i aske. Med slike skjendige handlinger gjengjeldte de romerske
katolikkene hva de før hadde måttet tåle av gresk overlegenhet. De hadde nok ikke glemt
slike hånlige uttalelser, som den erkebiskopen av Korfu hadde kommet med året i forveien, at
?Romas krav på overhøyhet over kristenheten grunnet seg på at det var romerske
krigsknekter som korsfestet Frelseren?.
Det østromerske rike ble knust og delt mellom ?seierherrene?. Venezia tok nesten
halvparten, først og fremst øyene i Egeerhavet og Peloponnes. Resten ble en feudalstat, som
ble kalt det latinske keiserdømme, med Bysants som sentrum.

Isaac II Angelus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Isaac II Angelus (or Isaakios Angelos) (September 1156 - February, 1204), was the Byzantine emperor from 1185-1195, and again 1203-1204. He was a grandson of Theodora Comnena Porphyrogenita, youngest daughter of Emperor Alexius I, and thus a member of the extended imperial clan.

In 1185, during Emperor Andronicus I Comnenus's absence from the capital, the latter's lieutenant ordered the arrest and execution of Isaac. Isaac escaped and took refuge in the church of Hagia Sophia. Andronicus, a capable ruler, was also hated for his efforts to keep the aristocracy obedient. The sanctuary-bound Isaac appealed to the populace, and a tumult arose which spread rapidly over the whole city. When Andronicus arrived he found that his power was overthrown, and that Isaac had been proclaimed emperor. Isaac delivered him over to his enemies, and he was killed on September 12, 1185.

In order to strengthen his position as emperor, he sought a new wife, and in 1185 married Margaret of Hungary, daughter of king Bela III. Hungary was one of the empire's largest and most powerful neighbours, and Margaret also had the benefit of high aristocratic descent, being related to the royal families of Kiev, the Holy Roman Empire, Italy, Provence, and the previous Byzantine emperors (unlike Isaac himself, who was descended from the Comneni, a family of the lower nobility).

Isaac inaugurated his reign with a decisive victory over the Normans in Sicily, but elsewhere his policy was less successful. He failed in an attempt to recover Cyprus from the rebellious noble Isaac Comnenos, thanks to Norman interference. The oppressiveness of his taxes drove the Bulgarians and Vlachs to revolt (1186). In 1187, Alexius Branas, the general sent against the rebels, treacherously turned his arms against his master, and attempted to seize Constantinople, but was defeated and slain by Isaac's brother-in-law Conrad of Montferrat. The emperor's attention was next demanded in the east, where several claimants to the throne successively rose and fell. In 1189 Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor sought and obtained leave to lead his troops on the Third Crusade through the Byzantine Empire; but he had no sooner crossed the border than Isaac, who had meanwhile sought an alliance with Saladin, threw every impediment in his way, and was only compelled by force of arms to fulfil his engagements.

The next five years were disturbed by fresh rebellions of the Vlachs, against whom Isaac led several expeditions in person. During one of these, in 1195, Alexius Angelos, the emperor's elder brother, taking advantage of the latter's absence from camp on a hunting expedition, proclaimed himself emperor, and was readily recognised by the soldiers. Isaac was blinded and imprisoned in Constantinople. After eight years, he was raised from his dungeon to his throne once more after the arrival of the Fourth Crusade. But both mind and body had been enfeebled by captivity, and his son Alexius IV was the actual monarch. Isaac died in 1204, shortly after the usurpation of his general, Mourzouphles.

Isaac has the reputation of one of the weakest and most vicious princes that occupied the Byzantine throne. Surrounded by a crowd of slaves, mistresses and flatterers, he permitted his empire to be administered by unworthy favourites, while he squandered the money wrung from his provinces on costly buildings and expensive gifts to the churches of his metropolis.

[edit]
Family
The identity of Isaac's first wife is unknown, but her name, Herina, is found on the necrology of Speyer Cathedral, where their daughter Irene is interred. His wife Herina may have been a member of the Palaeologus family; she was dead or divorced by 1185, when Isaac remarried. Their children were:

Euphrosyne Angelina, a nun.
Irene Angelina, married first to Roger III of Sicily, and secondly to Philip of Swabia
Alexius IV Angelus
By his second wife, Margaret of Hungary, Isaac had two sons:

Ioannes Angelus
Manuel Angelus
[edit]
Sources
Hiestand, Rudolf. Die Erste Ehe Isaaks II Angelus und Seine Kinder (Jahrbuch der Osterreichischen Byzantinistik, 47), 1997.

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Preceded by:
Andronicus I Comnenus

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Alexius III Angelus
Byzantine Emperor
with Alexius IV Angelus Succeeded by:
Alexius III Angelus

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Alexius V

[Weis, 47] Eastern Roman Emperor

Isaac II Angelos or Angelus (Greek: ?sa????? ?’ ???e???, Isaakios II Angelos) (September 1156 - January 1204) was Byzantine emperor from 1185 to 1195, and again from 1203 to 1204.

His father Andronikos Dukas Angelos, a military leader in Asia Minor (c. 1122 - aft. 1185), married bef. 1155 Euphrosyne Kastamonitissa (c. 1125 - aft. 1195), was a son de Theodora Komnene (b. January 5, 1096/1097), the youngest daughter de Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Eirene Doukaina, by her marriage c. 1120 to Konstantinos Angelos, Admiral de Sicily (c. 1085 - aft. July 1166), son de one Manolis Angelos from Philadelphia. Thus Isaac was a member de the extended

Isaac Angelus II was the Byzantine emperor who, although incapable of stemming administrative abuses, partly succeeded, by his defeat of the Serbians in 1190, in retrieving imperial fortunes in the Balkans. In September 1185 Isaac was unexpectedly proclaimed emperor by the Constantinople mob that murdered his cousin, the emperor Andronicus I Comnenus. His reign was inaugurated by the decisive victory of his general Alexius Branas over the Normans, who, after invading the empire and sacking Thessalonica (in 1185), were then driven off Greek soil, except for the islands of Cephalonia and Zacynthus (modern Zante). Isaac was unsuccessful, however, in recovering Cyprus from the rebel Isaac Comnenus, who set himself up as an independent ruler of that island in 1185. Isaac II failed to crush the revolt of the Bulgarians and Walachians that broke out toward the end of that year, even though he led expeditions against them in 1186 to 1187. In 1187 he was forced to recognize the second Bulgarian empire. In 1189 the Byzantine ruler was confronted with the Third Crusade, which, led by German emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, was passing through Byzantine territory. Isaac tried to protect himself by concluding a treaty with Saladin, the sultan of Egypt, but he was soon forced to assist Frederick; he concluded the Treaty of Adrianople with him in February 1190, and in the following month Frederick's forces were transported across the Hellespont to Asia Minor. Free to turn his attention to the Balkans, Isaac restored Byzantine prestige by defeating Stephen Nemanja of Serbia (in 1190). With Hungarian help he planned an expedition against the Bulgarians, assembling a Byzantine army for this purpose near the city of Cypsela in the spring of 1195. On April 8, however, he was suddenly overthrown by his brother, who imprisoned and blinded him and assumed the throne as Emperor Alexius III. In 1201 Isaac's son Alexius made his way to Germany, where he succeeded in bringing about the diversion of the Fourth Crusade to Constantinople in order to restore his father to power. In July 1203 the crusaders captured the city, and on August 1, Isaac, after eight years' imprisonment, was crowned co-emperor with Alexius, who assumed the title Alexius IV. Friction between the crusaders and the townspeople of Constantinople, however, led to a revolution in January 1204; the co-emperors were dethroned, Alexius IV was assassinated on February 8, 1204, and Isaac died several days later. Isaac II Angelus. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved June 25, 2003, from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Isaac II Angelus, Byzantine emperor 1185-1195, and again 1203-1204,was the successor of Andronicus I.

He inaugurated his reign by a decisive victory over the Normans inSicily, but elsewhere his policy was less successful. He failed in anattempt to recover Cyprus from the rebellious noble Isaac Comnenosthanks to Norman interference and by the oppressiveness of his taxesdrove the Bulgarians and Vlachs to revolt (1186). In 1187 AlexisBranas, the general sent against the rebels, treacherously turned hisarms against his master, and attempted to seize Constantinople, butwas defeated and slain. The emperor's attention was next demanded inthe east, where several claimants to the throne successively rose andfell. In 1189 Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor sought and obtainedleave to lead his troops on the Third Crusade through the ByzantineEmpire; but he had no sooner crossed the border than Isaac, who hadmeanwhile sought an alliance with Saladin, threw every impediment inhis way, and was only compelled by force of arms to fulfil hisengagements.

The next five years were disturbed by fresh rebellions of the Vlachs,against whom Isaac led several expeditions in person. During one ofthese, in 1195, Alexius, the emperor's brother, taking advantage ofthe latter's absence from camp on a hunting expedition, proclaimedhimself emperor, and was readily recognised by the soldiers. Isaac wasblinded and imprisoned in Constantinople. After eight years he wasraised for six months from his dungeon to his throne once more afterthe arrival of the knights of the Fourth Crusade. But both mind andbody had been enfeebled by captivity, and his son Alexius IV was theactual monarch. Isaac died in 1204, shortly after the usurpation ofhis general, Mourzouphles. He was one of the weakest and most viciousprinces that occupied the Byzantine throne. Surrounded by a crowd ofslaves, mistresses and flatterers, he permitted his empire to beadministered by unworthy favourites, while he squandered the moneywrung from his provinces on costly buildings and expensive gifts tothe churches of his metropolis.

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(ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_II_Angelus) Isaac II Angeloso r Angelus (Greek: Isaakios II Angelos) (September 1156 - January, 1204 ) was Byzantine emperor from 1185 to 1195, and again from 1203 to 1204 . His father Andronikos Angelos was a son of Theodora Komnene, the yo ungest daughter of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Eirene Doukaina. Thu s Isaac was a member of the extended imperial clan.

During the brief reign of Andronikos I Komnenos, Isaac was involved (a longside his father and brothers) in the revolt of Nicaea and Prousa.A typically, the Emperor did not punish him for this disloyalty, and Isa ac remained at Constantinople. On September 11, 1185, during Andronik os' absence from the capital, the latter's lieutenant Stephanos Hagioc hristophorites moved to arrest Isaac. Isaac killed Hagiochristophorite s and took refuge in the church of Hagia Sophia. Andronikos, in somewa ys a capable ruler, was hated for his efforts to keep the aristocracy obedient and his cruelty. Isaac appealed to the populace, and a tumul t arose which spread rapidly over the whole city. When Andronikos arri ved he found that his authority was overthrown, and that Isaac had bee n proclaimed emperor. Andronikos attempted to flee by boat but was app rehended. Isaac handed him over to the people of the City, and he was killed on September 12, 1185.

Isaac II Angelos strengthened his position as emperor with dynastic ma rriages in 1185 and 1186. His niece, Eudokia Angelina, was married toS tefan, son of Stefan Nemanja of Serbia. Isaac's sister, Theodora, was married to the Italian marquis Conrad of Montferrat. In January 1186 I saac himself married Margaret of Hungary (who was renamed Maria), daug hter of king Béla III. Hungary was one of the empire's largest andmos t powerful neighbours, and Margaret also had the benefit of high arist ocratic descent, being related to the royal families of Kiev, the Hol y Roman Empire, Italy, Provence, and earlier Byzantine dynasties. Isaa c inaugurated his reign with a decisive victory over the Norman King o f Sicily William II (on the banks of the Strymon, 7 September 1185), w ho had invaded the Balkans towards the end of Andronicus I's reign. El sewhere his policy was less successful. He failed in an attempt to rec over Cyprus from the rebellious noble Isaac Comnenus, thanks to Norma n interference.

The oppressiveness of his taxes, increased to pay his armies and finan ce his marriage, resulted in the Vlach-Bulgarian Rebellion late in 118 5. The rebellion led to the establishment of the Second Bulgarian Empi re under the Asen dynasty. In 1187, Alexios Branas, the victor over th e Normans, was sent against the rebels but turned his arms against hi s master, and attempted to seize Constantinople, only to be defeated a nd slain by Isaac's brother-in-law Conrad of Montferrat.

The emperor's attention was next demanded in the east, where several c laimants to the throne successively rose and fell. In 1189 the Holy Ro man Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa sought and obtained permission to l ead his troops on the Third Crusade through the Byzantine Empire; buth e had no sooner crossed the border than Isaac, who had meanwhile sough t an alliance with Saladin, threw every impediment in his way, and wa s only compelled by force of arms to fulfil his engagements in 1190.Th e next five years were disturbed by continued warfare with Bulgaria, a gainst which Isaac led several expeditions in person. In spite ofa pro mising start, these ventures had little effect, and on one occasion i n 1190 Isaac barely escaped with his life. While preparing for yet ano ther offensive against Bulgaria in 1195, Alexios Angelos, the emperor' s older brother, taking advantage of the latter's absence from camp o n a hunting expedition, proclaimed himself emperor, and was readily re cognised by the soldiers as Emperor Alexios III. Isaac was blinded an d imprisoned in Constantinople.

After eight years of captivity, he was raised from his dungeon to hist hrone once more after the arrival of the Fourth Crusade and the fligh t of Alexios III from the capital. But both mind and body had been enf eebled by confinement, and his son Alexios IV Angelos was associated o n the throne as the effective monarch. Heavily beholden to the crusad ers, Alexios IV was unable to meet his obligations and his vacillatio n caused him to lose the support of both his crusader allies and his s ubjects. At the end of January, 1204, the influential court official A lexios Doukas Mourtzouphlos took advantage of riots in the capital toi mprison Alexios IV and seize the throne as Emperor Alexios V. At this point Isaac II died, allegedly of shock, while Alexios IV was strangle d on January 28 or 29.

Isaac has the reputation of one of the most unsuccessful princes thato ccupied the Byzantine throne. Surrounded by a crowd of slaves, mistres ses and flatterers, he permitted his empire to be administered by unwo rthy favourites, while he squandered the money wrung from his province s on costly buildings and expensive gifts to the churches of his metro polis.

The identity of Isaac II's first wife is unknown, but her name, Herin a (i.e., Eirene), is found on the necrology of Speyer Cathedral, wher e their daughter Irene is interred. (It must be noted, however, that i t would have been extremely unusual for a mother and daughter to beart he same name, unless the mother's name was monastic.) Isaac's wife ma y have been a member of the Palaiologos family. Their third child wasb orn in 1182 or 1183 and she was dead or divorced by 1185, when Isaacre married. Their children were: 1.) Euphrosyne Angelina, a nun; 2.) Eirn e Angelina, married first to Roger III of Sicily, and secondly to Phil ip of Swabia; and 3.) Alexios IV Angelos.

Isaac married second, Margaret of Hungary (renamed Maria), Isaac II ha d two sons: 1.) John Angelos, born no earlier than January 1193. He mi grated to Hungary and to have been governor of Sirmium and Belgrade ar ound 1254; and 2.) Manuel Angelos, born after 1195

[Jeremiah Brown.FTW]

[from Rootsweb jerryc490 database]

Isaac II ANGELUS (b. c. 1135--d. February 1204), Byzantine emperor who, although incapable of stemming administrative abuses, partly succeeded, by his defeat of the Serbians in 1190, in retrieving imperial fortunes in the Balkans.

In September 1185 Isaac was unexpectedly proclaimed emperor by the Constantinople mob that murdered his cousin, the emperor Andronicus I Comnenus. His reign was inaugurated by the decisive victory of his general Alexius Branas over the Normans, who, after invading the empire and sacking Thessalonica (1185), were then driven off Greek soil, except for the islands of Cephalonia and Zacynthus (modern Zante). Isaac was unsuccessful, however, in recovering Cyprus from the rebel Isaac Comnenus, who set himself up as an independent ruler of that island in 1185. Isaac II failed to crush the revolt of the Bulgarians and Walachians that broke out toward the end of that year, even though he led expeditions against them in 1186-87. In 1187 he was forced to recognize the second Bulgarian empire.

In 1189 the Byzantine ruler was confronted with the Third Crusade, which, led by German emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, was passing through Byzantine territory. Isaac tried to protect himself by concluding a treaty with Saladin, the sultan of Egypt, but he was soon forced to assist Frederick; he concluded the Treaty of Adrianople with him in February 1190, and in the following month Frederick's forces were transported across the Hellespont to Asia Minor.

Free to turn his attention to the Balkans, Isaac restored Byzantine prestige by defeating Stephen Nemanja of Serbia (1190). With Hungarian help he planned an expedition against the Bulgarians, assembling a Byzantine army for this purpose near the city of Cypsela in the spring of 1195. On April 8, however, he was suddenly overthrown by his brother, who imprisoned and blinded him and assumed the throne as Emperor Alexius III.

In 1201 Isaac's son Alexius made his way to Germany, where he succeeded in bringing about the diversion of the Fourth Crusade to Constantinople in order to restore his father to power. In July 1203 the crusaders captured the city, and on August 1, Isaac, after eight years' imprisonment, was crowned co-emperor with Alexius, who assumed the title Alexius IV. Friction between the crusaders and the townspeople of Constantinople, however, led to a revolution in January 1204; the co-emperors were dethroned, Alexius IV was assassinated on Feb. 8, 1204, and Isaac died several days later. [Encyclopaedia Britannica CD '97: ISAAC II ANGELUS]

{geni:occupation} Byzantine Emperor, Keiser, Emperador de Bizancio (Constantinopla), Empereur, de Byzance, empereur byzantin, Byzantine Emperor 1185-1195 & 1203-1204, Kejsare i Byzan 1185-1195, Emperador del Imperio Bizantino, Kejsare i Byzan 1185-95, 1203-04

{geni:about_me} Isaac II Angelos or Angelus (Greek: Ισαάκιος Β’ Άγγελος, Isaakios II Angelos) (September 1156 – January 1204) was Byzantine emperor from 1185 to 1195, and again from 1203 to 1204.

His father Andronikos Dukas Angelos, a military leader in Asia Minor (c. 1122 – aft. 1185), married bef. 1155 Euphrosyne Kastamonitissa (c. 1125 – aft. 1195), was a son of Theodora Komnene (b. January 5, 1096/1097), the youngest daughter of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Eirene Doukaina, by her marriage c. 1120 to Konstantinos Angelos, Admiral of Sicily (c. 1085 – aft. July 1166), son of one Manolis Angelos from Philadelphia. Thus Isaac was a member of the extended imperial clan.

Contents

1 Rising by revolt

2 First reign

3 Second reign

4 Historical reputation

5 Family

6 Notes

7 References

8 External links

9 Bibliography

Rising by revolt

During the brief reign of Andronikos I Komnenos, Isaac was involved (alongside his father and brothers) in the revolt of Nicaea and Prousa. Atypically, the Emperor did not punish him for this disloyalty, and Isaac remained at Constantinople.

On September 11, 1185, during Andronikos' absence from the capital, the latter's lieutenant Stephanos Hagiochristophorites moved to arrest Isaac. Isaac killed Hagiochristophorites and took refuge in the church of Hagia Sophia. Andronikos, in some ways a capable ruler, was hated for his cruelty and his efforts to keep the aristocracy obedient. Isaac appealed to the populace, and a tumult arose which spread rapidly over the whole city. When Andronikos arrived he found that during his absence he had lost popular support, and that Isaac had been proclaimed emperor. Andronikos attempted to flee by boat but was apprehended. Isaac handed him over to the people of the City, and he was killed on September 12, 1185.

First reign

Isaac II Angelos strengthened his position as emperor with dynastic marriages in 1185 and 1186. His niece, Eudokia Angelina, was married to Stefan, son of Stefan Nemanja of Serbia. Isaac's sister, Theodora, was married to the Italian marquis Conrad of Montferrat. In January 1186 Isaac himself married Margaret of Hungary (renamed Maria), daughter of king Béla III. Hungary was one of the empire's largest and most powerful neighbours, and Margaret also had the benefit of high aristocratic descent, being related to the royal families of Kiev, the Holy Roman Empire, Italy, Provence, and earlier Byzantine dynasties.

Isaac inaugurated his reign with a decisive victory over the Norman King of Sicily William II (on the banks of the Strymon, 7 September 1185), who had invaded the Balkans with 80,000 men and 200 ships towards the end of Andronicus I's reign. Elsewhere his policy was less successful. In late 1185, he sent a fleet of 80 galleys to liberate his brother Alexius III from Acre, but it was destroyed by the Normans of Sicily. He then sent a fleet of 70 ships, but it failed in its attempt to recover Cyprus from the rebellious noble Isaac Comnenus, thanks to Norman interference.

The oppressiveness of his taxes, increased to pay his armies and finance his marriage, resulted in the Vlach-Bulgarian Rebellion late in 1185. The rebellion led to the establishment of the Second Bulgarian Empire under the Asen dynasty. In 1187, Alexios Branas, the victor over the Normans, was sent against the rebels but turned his arms against his master, and attempted to seize Constantinople, only to be defeated and slain by Isaac's brother-in-law Conrad of Montferrat. Also in 1187, an agreement was made with Venice, in which the republic would provide 40-100 galleys at six months' notice in exchange for favorable trading concessions. As each Venetian galley was manned by 140 oarsmen, that means there were about 18,000 Venetians still in the empire even after Manuel I's arrests.[1]

The emperor's attention was next demanded in the east, where several claimants to the throne successively rose and fell. In 1189 the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa sought and obtained permission to lead his troops on the Third Crusade through the Byzantine Empire; but he had no sooner crossed the border than Isaac, who had meanwhile sought an alliance with Saladin, threw every impediment in his way. In retaliation, Barbarossa's army occupied the city of Philippopolis and defeated a Byzantine army of 3,000 men that attempted to recapture the city.[2] Thus compelled by force of arms, Isaac II was forced to fulfil his engagements in 1190. By 1196, Isaac II had allowed the once powerful Byzantine navy to decline to only 30 galleys.

The next five years were disturbed by continued warfare with Bulgaria, against which Isaac led several expeditions in person. In spite of their promise, these ventures had little effect, and on one occasion in 1190 Isaac barely escaped with his life. While preparing for yet another offensive against Bulgaria in 1195, Alexios Angelos, the emperor's older brother, taking advantage of the latter's absence from camp on a hunting expedition, proclaimed himself emperor, and was readily recognised by the soldiers as Emperor Alexios III. Isaac was blinded and imprisoned in Constantinople.

Second reign

After eight years of captivity, he was raised from his dungeon to his throne once more after the arrival of the Fourth Crusade and the flight of Alexios III from the capital. But both mind and body had been enfeebled by confinement, and his son Alexios IV Angelos was associated on the throne as the effective monarch.

Heavily beholden to the crusaders, Alexios IV was unable to meet his obligations and his vacillation caused him to lose the support of both his crusader allies and his subjects. At the end of January, 1204, the influential court official Alexios Doukas Mourtzouphlos took advantage of riots in the capital to imprison Alexios IV and seize the throne as Emperor Alexios V. At this point Isaac II died, allegedly of shock, while Alexios IV was strangled on January 28 or 29.

Historical reputation

Isaac has the reputation of one of the most unsuccessful princes that occupied the Byzantine throne. Surrounded by a crowd of slaves, mistresses and flatterers, he permitted his empire to be administered by unworthy favourites, while he squandered the money wrung from his provinces on costly buildings and expensive gifts to the churches of his metropolis. During his reign the empire lost Lefkada, Kefallonia, and Zakynthos to the Normans in 1185. Then he lost Bulgaria to the Vlachs and Bulgarians in 1186. After that Cilicia was retaken by the Armenians and Cyprus wrested from the empire by the Franks.

Family

The identity of Isaac II's first wife is unknown, but her name, Herina (i.e., Eirene), is found on the necrology of Speyer Cathedral, where their daughter Irene is interred. (It must be noted, however, that it would have been extremely unusual for a mother and daughter to bear the same name, unless the mother's name was monastic.)[3] Isaac's wife may have been a member of the Palaiologos family.[4] A possible foreign origin is also given to her due to having the same name as her daughter.[5][6] Their third child was born in 1182 or 1183 and she was dead or divorced by 1185, when Isaac remarried. Their children were:

Euphrosyne Angelina, a nun.

Irene Angelina, married first to Roger III of Sicily, and secondly to Philip of Swabia.

Alexios IV Angelos.

By his second wife, Margaret of Hungary (renamed Maria), Isaac II had two sons:

John Angelos (b. ca. 1193 - d. 1259). He migrated to Hungary and ruled over Syrmia and Bacs (1227-42) as a vassal of king Béla IV of Hungary.

Manuel Angelos (b. after 1195 - d. 1212)

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_II_Angelos

Isaac has the reputation of one of the most unsuccessful princes that occupied the Byzantine throne. Surrounded by a crowd of slaves, mistresses and flatterers, he permitted his empire to be administered by unworthy favourites, while he squandered the money wrung from his provinces on costly buildings and expensive gifts to the churches of his metropolis. During his reign the empire lost Lefkada, Kefallonia, and Zakynthos to the Normans in 1185. Then he lost Bulgaria to the Vlachs and Bulgarians in 1186. After that Cilicia was retaken by the Armenians and Cyprus wrested from the empire by the Franks.

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Emperador del Imperio bizantino entre 1185 y 1195 y nuevamente entre 1203 y 1204. Su padre Andronikos Dukas Angelos era hijo de Theodora Comnene, la hija menor del emperador Alexis I Comnene, e Irene Dukas, lo que convertía a Isaac en miembro del clan imperial.

Casó con Irene Comnene, hija de Andrónico Comnene, que nació en Balalista, Grecia, en 1108, y murió en 1142. Casó, en 1124, con Irene Aineidasa (nacida después de 1100 y fallecida en Protocrator, Grecia, en 1152. Tuvieron por hijos a Eudoxia Comnene (desp. de 1128; casó con Andrónico I Comnene -1110 a 1185-, e Irene Comnene.

Se proclamó emperador después de derrocar a Andrónico Comnene. Se enfrentó con la nobleza. Fue vencido por los búlgaros. Alexios III Angelo, su hermano, lo derrocó.

Fue restablecido por la Cuarta Cruzada en 1203 y gobernó con su hijo Alejo IV Angelo hasta que Alejo V Ducas Murtzouphlos los asesinó, proclamándose emperador con el nombre de Alejo V.

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Isaac II Angelos

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Isaac II Angelos or Angelus (Greek: Ισαάκιος Β’ Άγγελος, Isaakios II Angelos) (September 1156 – January 1204) was Byzantine emperor from 1185 to 1195, and again from 1203 to 1204.

His father Andronikos Dukas Angelos, a military leader in Asia Minor (c. 1122 – aft. 1185), married bef. 1155 Euphrosyne Kastamonitissa (c. 1125 – aft. 1195), was a son of Theodora Komnene (b. January 5, 1096/1097), the youngest daughter of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Eirene Doukaina, by her marriage c. 1120 to Konstantinos Angelos, Admiral of Sicily (c. 1085 – aft. July 1166), son of one Manolis Angelos from Philadelphia. Thus Isaac was a member of the extended imperial clan.

Rising by revolt

During the brief reign of Andronikos I Komnenos, Isaac was involved (alongside his father and brothers) in the revolt of Nicaea and Prousa. Atypically, the Emperor did not punish him for this disloyalty, and Isaac remained at Constantinople.

On September 11, 1185, during Andronikos' absence from the capital, the latter's lieutenant Stephanos Hagiochristophorites moved to arrest Isaac. Isaac killed Hagiochristophorites and took refuge in the church of Hagia Sophia. Andronikos, in some ways a capable ruler, was hated for his efforts to keep the aristocracy obedient and his cruelty. Isaac appealed to the populace, and a tumult arose which spread rapidly over the whole city. When Andronikos arrived he found that his authority was overthrown, and that Isaac had been proclaimed emperor. Andronikos attempted to flee by boat but was apprehended. Isaac handed him over to the people of the City, and he was killed on September 12, 1185.

[edit]First reign

Isaac II Angelos strengthened his position as emperor with dynastic marriages in 1185 and 1186. His niece, Eudokia Angelina, was married to Stefan, son of Stefan Nemanja of Serbia. Isaac's sister, Theodora, was married to the Italian marquis Conrad of Montferrat. In January 1186 Isaac himself married Margaret of Hungary (who was renamed Maria), daughter of king Béla III. Hungary was one of the empire's largest and most powerful neighbours, and Margaret also had the benefit of high aristocratic descent, being related to the royal families of Kiev, the Holy Roman Empire, Italy, Provence, and earlier Byzantine dynasties.

Isaac inaugurated his reign with a decisive victory over the Norman King of Sicily William II (on the banks of the Strymon, 7 September 1185), who had invaded the Balkans with 80,000 men and 200 ships towards the end of Andronicus I's reign. Elsewhere his policy was less successful. In late 1185, he sent a fleet of 80 galleys to liberate his brother Alexius III from Acre, but it was destroyed by the Normans of Sicily. He then sent a fleet of 70 ships, but it failed in its attempt to recover Cyprus from the rebellious noble Isaac Comnenus, thanks to Norman interference.

The oppressiveness of his taxes, increased to pay his armies and finance his marriage, resulted in the Vlach-Bulgarian Rebellion late in 1185. The rebellion led to the establishment of the Second Bulgarian Empire under the Asen dynasty. In 1187, Alexios Branas, the victor over the Normans, was sent against the rebels but turned his arms against his master, and attempted to seize Constantinople, only to be defeated and slain by Isaac's brother-in-law Conrad of Montferrat. Also in 1187, an agreement was made with Venice, in which the republic would provide 40-100 galleys at six months' notice in exchange for favorable trading concessions. As each Venetian galley was manned by 140 oarsmen, that means there were about 18,000 Venetians still in the empire even after Manuel I's arrests.[1]

The emperor's attention was next demanded in the east, where several claimants to the throne successively rose and fell. In 1189 the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa sought and obtained permission to lead his troops on the Third Crusade through the Byzantine Empire; but he had no sooner crossed the border than Isaac, who had meanwhile sought an alliance with Saladin, threw every impediment in his way, and was only compelled by force of arms to fulfil his engagements in 1190. By 1196, Isaac II had allowed the once powerful Byzantine navy to decline to only 30 galleys.

The next five years were disturbed by continued warfare with Bulgaria, against which Isaac led several expeditions in person. In spite of a promising start, these ventures had little effect, and on one occasion in 1190 Isaac barely escaped with his life. While preparing for yet another offensive against Bulgaria in 1195, Alexios Angelos, the emperor's older brother, taking advantage of the latter's absence from camp on a hunting expedition, proclaimed himself emperor, and was readily recognised by the soldiers as Emperor Alexios III. Isaac was blinded and imprisoned in Constantinople.

[edit]Second reign

After eight years of captivity, he was raised from his dungeon to his throne once more after the arrival of the Fourth Crusade and the flight of Alexios III from the capital. But both mind and body had been enfeebled by confinement, and his son Alexios IV Angelos was associated on the throne as the effective monarch.

Heavily beholden to the crusaders, Alexios IV was unable to meet his obligations and his vacillation caused him to lose the support of both his crusader allies and his subjects. At the end of January, 1204, the influential court official Alexios Doukas Mourtzouphlos took advantage of riots in the capital to imprison Alexios IV and seize the throne as Emperor Alexios V. At this point Isaac II died, allegedly of shock, while Alexios IV was strangled on January 28 or 29.

[edit]Historical reputation

Isaac has the reputation of one of the most unsuccessful princes that occupied the Byzantine throne. Surrounded by a crowd of slaves, mistresses and flatterers, he permitted his empire to be administered by unworthy favourites, while he squandered the money wrung from his provinces on costly buildings and expensive gifts to the churches of his metropolis. During his reign the empire lost Bulgaria, Lefkada, Kefallonia, Zakynthos, Cilicia, and Cyprus.

[edit]Family

The identity of Isaac II's first wife is unknown, but her name, Herina (i.e., Eirene), is found on the necrology of Speyer Cathedral, where their daughter Irene is interred. (It must be noted, however, that it would have been extremely unusual for a mother and daughter to bear the same name, unless the mother's name was monastic.)[2] Isaac's wife may have been a member of the Palaiologos family.[3] A possible foreign origin is also given to her due to having the same name as her daughter.[4][5] Their third child was born in 1182 or 1183 and she was dead or divorced by 1185, when Isaac remarried. Their children were:

Euphrosyne Angelina, a nun.

Irene Angelina, married first to Roger III of Sicily, and secondly to Philip of Swabia.

Alexios IV Angelos.

By his second wife, Margaret of Hungary (renamed Maria), Isaac II had two sons:

John Angelos (b. ca. 1193 - d. 1259). He migrated to Hungary and ruled over Syrmia and Bacs (1227-42) as a vassal of king Béla IV of Hungary.

Manuel Angelos (b. after 1195 - d. 1212)

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IOGRAPHY: b. c. 9/1156

d. January 1204

Byzantine emperor who, although incapable of stemming administrative abuses, partly succeeded, by his defeat of the Serbians in 1190, in retrieving imperial fortunes in the Balkans.

In September 1185 Isaac was unexpectedly proclaimed emperor by the Constantinople mob that murdered his cousin, the emperor Andronicus I Comnenus. His reign was inaugurated by the decisive victory of his general Alexius Branas over the Normans, who, after invading the empire and sacking Thessalonica (1185), were then driven off Greek soil, except for the islands of Cephalonia and Zacynthus (modern Zante). Isaac was unsuccessful, however, in recovering Cyprus from the rebel Isaac Comnenus, who set himself up as an independent ruler of that island in 1185. Isaac II failed to crush the revolt of the Bulgarians and Walachians that broke out toward the end of that year, even though he led expeditions against them in 1186-87. In 1187 he was forced to recognize the second Bulgarian empire.

In 1189 the Byzantine ruler was confronted with the Third Crusade, which, led by German emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, was passing through Byzantine territory. Isaac tried to protect himself by concluding a treaty with Saladin, the sultan of Egypt, but he was soon forced to assist Frederick; he concluded the Treaty of Adrianople with him in February 1190, and in the following month Frederick's forces were transported across the Hellespont to Asia Minor.

Free to turn his attention to the Balkans, Isaac restored Byzantine prestige by defeating Stephen Nemanja of Serbia (1190). With Hungarian help he planned an expedition against the Bulgarians, assembling a Byzantine army for this purpose near the city of Cypsela in the spring of 1195. On April 8, however, he was suddenly overthrown by his brother, who imprisoned and blinded him and assumed the throne as Emperor Alexius III.

In 1201 Isaac's son Alexius made his way to Germany, where he succeeded in bringing about the diversion of the Fourth Crusade to Constantinople in order to restore his father to power. In July 1203 the crusaders captured the city, and on August 1, Isaac, after eight years' imprisonment, was crowned co-emperor with Alexius, who assumed the title Alexius IV. Friction between the crusaders and the townspeople of Constantinople, however, led to a revolution in January 1204; the co-emperors were dethroned, Alexius IV was assassinated on Feb. 8, 1204, and Isaac died several days later.

Copyright © 1994-2001 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

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http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaak_II.

Wikipedia:

Isaak II. Angelos (griechisch Ἰσαάκιος Β' Ἄγγελος, * 1155; † 28. Januar 1204 in Konstantinopel) war byzantinischer Kaiser von 1185 bis 1195 als Nachfolger von Andronikos I. und erneut von 1203 bis 1204.

Leben [Bearbeiten]

Isaak begann seine Herrschaft mit einem entscheidenden Sieg über die Normannen in Sizilien, war aber ansonsten weniger erfolgreich. Der Versuch, Zypern von dem rebellischen Adligen Isaak Komnenos zurückzuerobern, misslang aufgrund der Einmischung der Normannen und der drückenden Abgaben, die die Bulgaren und Walachen 1186 in einen Aufstand trieben der zur Errichtung des Zweiten bulgarischen Reichs führte. 1187 wandte sich der General Alexios Branas, der gegen die Rebellen gesandt worden war, gegen den Kaiser und versuchte, Konstantinopel zu besetzen, wurde aber geschlagen und getötet. Als nächstes verlangte der Osten die Aufmerksamkeit des Kaisers, wo verschiedene Thronprätendenten sich erhoben und wieder fielen. 1189 versuchte Friedrich Barbarossa auf dem Dritten Kreuzzug seine Truppen durch das byzantinische Reich zu führen, und erhielt die Erlaubnis. Er hatte jedoch die Grenze überschritten, als Isaak, der sich mittlerweile mit Saladin verständigt hatte, damit begann, ihm alle denkbaren Hindernisse in den Weg zu legen, und nur durch Waffengewalt zur Erfüllung der Zusage gezwungen werden konnte. Seine Tochter Irene wurde dabei dem in Deutschland befindlichen Philipp von Schwaben versprochen.

Die nächsten fünf Jahre war Isaak mit neuen Aufständen der Walachen befasst, gegen die er mehrere Feldzüge führte. Während eines dieser Feldzüge nutzte sein Bruder Alexios 1195 einen Jagdausflug des Kaisers und dessen Abwesenheit vom Feldlager, um sich selbst zum Kaiser zu proklamieren, und wurde auch von den Soldaten anerkannt. Isaak wurde geblendet und in Konstantinopel gefangen gesetzt.

Acht Jahre später, am 18. Juli 1203, wurde er für sechs Monate aus seinem Kerker geholt und erneut auf den Thron gehoben, nachdem der Vierte Kreuzzug die Stadt erreicht hatte. Da er jedoch sowohl körperlich als auch geistig durch die Gefangenschaft geschwächt war, übernahm sein Sohn Alexios IV. die tatsächliche Regierung. Isaak und Alexios wurden 1204 wegen ihres Nachgebens gegenüber den Kreuzfahrern durch einen Aufstand des Generals Alexios Murtzouphlos gestürzt, der anschließend selbst den Thron bestieg.

Isaak II. war einer der schwächsten und brutalsten Fürsten auf dem byzantinischen Thron. Umgeben von Sklaven, Mätressen und Schmeichlern ließ er es zu, dass das Reich von unwürdigen Günstlingen regiert wurde, während er das Geld, das den Provinzen abgepresst wurde, für teure Bauwerke und Geschenke an die Kirche verprasste. Die Folge davon war der fortschreitende Verfall des Reiches durch Ämterkauf und Steuerwucher.

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Isaac II Angelos or Angelus (Greek: Ισαάκιος Β’ Άνγελος, Isaakios II Angelos) (September 1156 – January 1204) was Byzantine emperor from 1185 to 1195, and again from 1203 to 1204.

His father Andronikos Dukas Angelos, a military leader in Asia Minor (c. 1122 – aft. 1185), married bef. 1155 Euphrosyne Kastamonitissa (c. 1125 – aft. 1195). Andronikos Dukas Angelos was the son of Konstantinos Angelos, Admiral of Sicily (c. 1085 – aft. July 1166, son of Manolis Angelos from Philadelphia) and Theodora Komnene (b. January 15, 1096/1097) who was the youngest daughter of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Eirene Doukaina, by her marriage c. 1120 to Thus Isaac was a member of the extended imperial clan.

Rising by revolt

During the brief reign of Andronikos I Komnenos, Isaac was involved (alongside his father and brothers) in the revolt of Nicaea and Prousa. Atypically, the Emperor did not punish him for this disloyalty, and Isaac remained at Constantinople.

On September 11, 1185, during Andronikos' absence from the capital, the latter's lieutenant Stephanos Hagiochristophorites moved to arrest Isaac. Isaac killed Hagiochristophorites and took refuge in the church of Hagia Sophia. Andronikos, in some ways a capable ruler, was hated for his cruelty and his efforts to keep the aristocracy obedient. Isaac appealed to the populace, and a tumult arose which spread rapidly over the whole city. When Andronikos arrived he found that during his absence he had lost popular support, and that Isaac had been proclaimed emperor. Andronikos attempted to flee by boat but was apprehended. Isaac handed him over to the people of the City, and he was killed on September 12, 1185.

First reign

Isaac II Angelos strengthened his position as emperor with dynastic marriages in 1185 and 1186. His niece, Eudokia Angelina, was married to Stefan, son of Stefan Nemanja of Serbia. Isaac's sister, Theodora, was married to the Italian marquis Conrad of Montferrat. In January 1186 Isaac himself married Margaret of Hungary (renamed Maria), daughter of king Béla III. Hungary was one of the empire's largest and most powerful neighbours, and Margaret also had the benefit of high aristocratic descent, being related to the royal families of Kiev, the Holy Roman Empire, Italy, Provence, and earlier Byzantine dynasties.

Isaac inaugurated his reign with a decisive victory over the Norman King of Sicily William II (on the banks of the Strymon, 7 September 1185), who had invaded the Balkans with 80,000 men and 200 ships towards the end of Andronicus I's reign. Elsewhere his policy was less successful. In late 1185, he sent a fleet of 80 galleys to liberate his brother Alexius III from Acre, but it was destroyed by the Normans of Sicily. He then sent a fleet of 70 ships, but it failed in its attempt to recover Cyprus from the rebellious noble Isaac Comnenus, thanks to Norman interference.

The oppressiveness of his taxes, increased to pay his armies and finance his marriage, resulted in the Vlach-Bulgarian Rebellion late in 1185. The rebellion led to the establishment of the Second Bulgarian Empire under the Asen dynasty. In 1187, Alexios Branas, the victor over the Normans, was sent against the Bulgarians but turned his arms against his master, and attempted to seize Constantinople, only to be defeated and slain by Isaac's brother-in-law Conrad of Montferrat. Also in 1187, an agreement was made with Venice, in which the republic would provide 40-100 galleys at six months' notice in exchange for favorable trading concessions. As each Venetian galley was manned by 140 oarsmen, that means there were about 18,000 Venetians still in the empire even after Manuel I's arrests.

The emperor's attention was next demanded in the east, where several claimants to the throne successively rose and fell. In 1189 the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa sought and obtained permission to lead his troops on the Third Crusade through the Byzantine Empire; but he had no sooner crossed the border than Isaac, who had meanwhile sought an alliance with Saladin, threw every impediment in his way. In retaliation, Barbarossa's army occupied the city of Philippopolis and defeated a Byzantine army of 3,000 men that attempted to recapture the city. Thus compelled by force of arms, Isaac II was forced to fulfil his engagements in 1190. By 1196, Isaac II had allowed the once powerful Byzantine navy to decline to only 30 galleys.

The next five years were disturbed by continued warfare with Bulgaria, against which Isaac led several expeditions in person. In spite of their promising start, these ventures had little effect, and on during one occasion in 1190 Isaac barely escaped with his life. The Byzantines suffered yet another major defeat in the battle of Arcadiopolis in 1194. While preparing for yet another offensive against Bulgaria in 1195, Alexios Angelos, the emperor's older brother, taking advantage of the latter's absence from camp on a hunting expedition, proclaimed himself emperor, and was readily recognised by the soldiers as Emperor Alexios III. Isaac was blinded and imprisoned in Constantinople.

Second reign

After eight years of captivity, he was raised from his dungeon to his throne once more after the arrival of the Fourth Crusade and the flight of Alexios III from the capital. But both mind and body had been enfeebled by confinement, and his son Alexios IV Angelos was associated on the throne as the effective monarch.

Heavily beholden to the crusaders, Alexios IV was unable to meet his obligations and his vacillation caused him to lose the support of both his crusader allies and his subjects. At the end of January, 1204, the influential court official Alexios Doukas Mourtzouphlos took advantage of riots in the capital to imprison Alexios IV and seize the throne as Emperor Alexios V. At this point Isaac II died, allegedly of shock, while Alexios IV was strangled on January 28 or 29.

Usurpers

Isaac's reign saw a number of pretenders rise up and attempt to wrest the throne from him. These included:

Alexios Branas

Theodore Mangaphas

Pseudo-Alexios II

Basil Chotzas - initiated a rebellion at Tarsia, near Nicomedia. Initially he had some success, but before long he was seized, blinded and cast into prison.

Isaac Comnenus (nephew of Andronicus I Comnenus) - escaped from prison and fled to Hagia Sophia, where he proceeded to incite a mob. Eventually captured, he was suspended in the air and tortured in order to obtain the names of his accomplices. His internal organs suffered severe damage and he died the next day.

Constantine Tatikios - secretly established a group of 500 individuals who hid in Constantinople. Though they managed to escape detection for some considerable time, he was informed against, captured and blinded.

Historical reputation

Isaac has the reputation of one of the most unsuccessful princes that occupied the Byzantine throne. Surrounded by a crowd of slaves, mistresses and flatterers, he permitted his empire to be administered by unworthy favourites, while he squandered the money wrung from his provinces on costly buildings and expensive gifts to the churches of his metropolis. During his reign the empire lost Lefkada, Kefallonia, and Zakynthos to the Normans in 1185. In the same year the Bulgarian Empire was restored after the rebellion of the brothers Asen and Peter and thus losing Moesia and parts of Thrace and Macedonia. After that Cilicia was retaken by the Armenians and Cyprus wrested from the empire by the Franks.

Family

The identity of Isaac II's first wife is unknown, but her name, Herina (i.e., Eirene), is found on the necrology of Speyer Cathedral, where their daughter Irene is interred. (It must be noted, however, that it would have been extremely unusual for a mother and daughter to bear the same name, unless the mother's name was monasticIsaac's wife may have been a member of the Palaiologos family. A possible foreign origin is also given to her due to having the same name as her daughter. Their third child was born in 1182 or 1183 and she was dead or divorced by 1185, when Isaac remarried. Their children were:

Euphrosyne Angelina, a nun.

Irene Angelina, married first to Roger III of Sicily, and secondly to Philip of Swabia.

Alexios IV Angelos.

By his second wife, Margaret of Hungary (renamed Maria), Isaac II had two sons and a daughter:

John Angelos (b. ca. 1193 - d. 1259). He migrated to Hungary and ruled over Syrmia and Bacs (1227–42) as a vassal of king Béla IV of Hungary.

Manuel Angelos (b. after 1195 - d. 1212)

Theodora ( -d, 1246) married Leopold II, Duke of Austria

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Isaac II Angelos or Angelus (Greek: Ισαάκιος Β’ Άγγελος, Isaakios II Angelos) (September 1156 – January 1204) was Byzantine emperor from 1185 to 1195, and again from 1203 to 1204.

His father Andronikos Dukas Angelos, a military leader in Asia Minor (c. 1122 – aft. 1185), married bef. 1155 Euphrosyne Kastamonitissa (c. 1125 – aft. 1195), was a son of Theodora Komnene (b. January 5, 1096/1097), the youngest daughter of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Eirene Doukaina, by her marriage c. 1120 to Konstantinos Angelos, Admiral of Sicily (c. 1085 – aft. July 1166), son of one Manolis Angelos from Philadelphia. Thus Isaac was a member of the extended imperial clan.

The identity of Isaac II's first wife is unknown, but her name, Herina (i.e., Eirene), is found on the necrology of Speyer Cathedral, where their daughter Irene is interred. (It must be noted, however, that it would have been extremely unusual for a mother and daughter to bear the same name, unless the mother's name was monastic.) Isaac's wife may have been a member of the Palaiologos family. A possible foreign origin is also given to her due to having the same name as her daughter. Their third child was born in 1182 or 1183 and she was dead or divorced by 1185, when Isaac remarried. Their children were:

Euphrosyne Angelina, a nun.

Irene Angelina, married first to Roger III of Sicily, and secondly to Philip of Swabia.

Alexios IV Angelos.

By his second wife, Margaret of Hungary (renamed Maria), Isaac II had two sons:

John Angelos (b. ca. 1193 - d. 1259). He migrated to Hungary and ruled over Syrmia and Bacs (1227-42) as a vassal of king Béla IV of Hungary.

Manuel Angelos (b. after 1195 - d. 1212)

--------------------

Isaac II Angelos or Angelus (Greek: Ισαάκιος Β’ Άγγελος, Isaakios II Angelos) (September 1156 – January 1204) was Byzantine emperor from 1185 to 1195, and again from 1203 to 1204.

His father Andronikos Dukas Angelos, a military leader in Asia Minor (c. 1122 – aft. 1185), married bef. 1155 Euphrosyne Kastamonitissa (c. 1125 – aft. 1195), was a son of Theodora Komnene (b. January 5, 1096/1097), the youngest daughter of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Eirene Doukaina, by her marriage c. 1120 to Konstantinos Angelos, Admiral of Sicily (c. 1085 – aft. July 1166), son of one Manolis Angelos from Philadelphia. Thus Isaac was a member of the extended imperial clan.

The identity of Isaac II's first wife is unknown, but her name, Herina (i.e., Eirene), is found on the necrology of Speyer Cathedral, where their daughter Irene is interred. (It must be noted, however, that it would have been extremely unusual for a mother and daughter to bear the same name, unless the mother's name was monastic.) Isaac's wife may have been a member of the Palaiologos family. A possible foreign origin is also given to her due to having the same name as her daughter. Their third child was born in 1182 or 1183 and she was dead or divorced by 1185, when Isaac remarried. Their children were:

Euphrosyne Angelina, a nun.

Irene Angelina, married first to Roger III of Sicily, and secondly to Philip of Swabia.

Alexios IV Angelos.

By his second wife, Margaret of Hungary (renamed Maria), Isaac II had two sons:

John Angelos (b. ca. 1193 - d. 1259). He migrated to Hungary and ruled over Syrmia and Bacs (1227-42) as a vassal of king Béla IV of Hungary.

Manuel Angelos (b. after 1195 - d. 1212)

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Isaac II Angelos, or Angelus (in Greek: Ισαάκιος Β’ Άγγελος, [ Isaakios II Angelos ]), was Byzantine Emperor (Eastern Roman Emperor) from 1185 to 1195, and again from 1203 to 1204. He was a member of the extended imperial clan.

During the brief reign of Andronikos I Komnenos, Isaac was involved (alongside his father and brothers) in the revolt of Nicaea and Prousa. Atypically, the Emperor did not punish him for this disloyalty, and Isaac remained at Constantinople.

On September 11, 1185, during Andronikos' absence from the capital, the latter's lieutenant Stephanos Hagiochristophorites moved to arrest Isaac. Isaac killed Hagiochristophorites and took refuge in the church of Hagia Sophia. Andronikos, in some ways a capable ruler, was hated for his cruelty and his efforts to keep the aristocracy obedient. Isaac appealed to the populace, and a tumult arose which spread rapidly over the whole city. When Andronikos arrived he found that during his absence he had lost popular support, and that Isaac had been proclaimed emperor. Andronikos attempted to flee by boat but was apprehended. Isaac handed him over to the people of the City, and he was killed on September 12, 1185.

It took 3 days to kill Emperor Andronikos: The mob cut off his right hand, pulled out his hair and his teeth, gouged out one of his eyes, threw boiling water in his face, and finally hung him naked upside down and staged a contest between two soldiers to determine whose sword could penetrate his body more deeply (that did finish him).

Isaac inaugurated his reign with a decisive victory over the Norman King of Sicily William II (on the banks of the Strymon, 7 September 1185), who had invaded the Balkans with 80,000 men and 200 ships towards the end of Andronicus I's reign. Elsewhere his policy was less successful. In late 1185, he sent a fleet of 80 galleys to liberate his brother Alexius III from Acre, but it was destroyed by the Normans of Sicily. He then sent a fleet of 70 ships, but it failed in its attempt to recover Cyprus from the rebellious noble Isaac Comnenus, thanks to Norman interference.

The oppressiveness of his taxes, increased to pay his armies and finance his marriage, resulted in the Vlach-Bulgarian Rebellion late in 1185. The rebellion led to the establishment of the Second Bulgarian Empire under the Asen dynasty. In 1187, Alexios Branas, the victor over the Normans, was sent against the rebels but turned his arms against his master, and attempted to seize Constantinople, only to be defeated and slain by Isaac's brother-in-law Conrad of Montferrat. Also in 1187, an agreement was made with Venice, in which the republic would provide 40-100 galleys at six months' notice in exchange for favorable trading concessions. As each Venetian galley was manned by 140 oarsmen, that means there were about 18,000 Venetians still in the empire even after Manuel I's arrests.

Isaac's attention was next demanded in the east, where several claimants to the throne successively rose and fell. In 1189 the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa (our ancestor) sought and obtained permission to lead his troops on the Third Crusade through the Byzantine Empire; but he had no sooner crossed the border than Isaac, who had meanwhile sought an alliance with Saladin, threw every impediment in his way. In retaliation, Barbarossa's army occupied the city of Philippopolis and defeated a Byzantine army of 3,000 men that attempted to recapture the city. Thus compelled by force of arms, Isaac II was forced to fulfill his engagements in 1190. By 1196, Isaac II had allowed the once powerful Byzantine navy to decline to only 30 galleys.

The next five years were disturbed by continued warfare with Bulgaria, against which Isaac led several expeditions in person. In spite of their promising start, these ventures had little effect, and on one occasion in 1190 Isaac barely escaped with his life. While preparing for yet another offensive against Bulgaria in 1195, Alexios Angelos, the emperor's older brother, taking advantage of the latter's absence from camp on a hunting expedition, proclaimed himself emperor, and was readily recognized by the soldiers as Emperor Alexios III. Isaac was blinded and imprisoned in Constantinople.

After eight years of captivity, he was raised from his dungeon to his throne once more after the arrival of the Fourth Crusade and the flight of Alexios III from the capital. But both mind and body had been enfeebled by confinement, and his son Alexios IV Angelos was associated on the throne as the effective monarch.

Heavily beholden to the crusaders, Alexios IV was unable to meet his obligations and his vacillation caused him to lose the support of both his crusader allies and his subjects. At the end of January, 1204, the influential court official Alexios Doukas Mourtzouphlos took advantage of riots in the capital to imprison Alexios IV and seize the throne as Emperor Alexios V. At this point Isaac II died, allegedly of shock, while Alexios IV was strangled on January 28 or 29.

Isaac has the reputation of one of the most unsuccessful princes that occupied the Byzantine throne. Surrounded by a crowd of slaves, mistresses and flatterers, he permitted his empire to be administered by unworthy favourites, while he squandered the money wrung from his provinces on costly buildings and expensive gifts to the churches of his metropolis. During his reign the empire lost Lefkada, Kefallonia, and Zakynthos to the Normans in 1185. Then he lost Bulgaria to the Vlachs and Bulgarians in 1186. After that Cilicia was retaken by the Armenians and Cyprus wrested from the empire by the Franks.

For more information see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_II_Angelus
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Anna Komnena Angelina

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Anna Angelina)

Anna Komnena Angelina (c. 1176 - 1212) was a daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Alexios III Angelos and of Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera.

Her first marriage was to the sebastokratōr Isaac Komnenos, a great-nephew of the emperor Manuel I Komnenos. They had one daughter, Theodora Angelina. Soon after Anna's father became emperor, in 1195, Isaac Komnenos was dispatched to combat the Vlach-Bulgarian Rebellion. He was captured, became a pawn between rival Bulgarian and Vlach factions, and died in chains.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_II_Angelos

[FAVthomas.FTW]

Eastern Roman Emperor.

429873854. Keiser Isak II Angelos ANDRONIKOSSON av Bysants was born about 1155. (15347) He died in Jan 1205.(15348) He was a Keiser 1185-1195 og 1203-1204 in Bysantz. (15349) Han var den føste bysantiske keiser av slekten Angelos, idet han ved opprør fortrengte sin forgjenger Andronikos I. Kommnenos (1183-1185 sønn av Isak Komnesos) og besteg keisertronen 12.9.1185. Om keiser måtte han kjempe mot oppstander avbulgarer og vlakker, som tilføyet ham flere nederlan, med det lykkes ham å fordrive de sicilianske normanner fra riket. Under tredje korstok var han meget uvillig mot korsfarerne, men tilot Fredrik Barbarosa å dra over til Lilleasia. Hans sdøelhet førte til svære skatter og sterk misnøye. i 8.4.1195 ble han da også styrtet og blindet av sin egen bror Alexios III (1295-1203). Men under fjerde korstok lykkes det ham ved korsfarernes hjelp å komme på tronin igjen sammen med sin sønn Alexios IV. 18.8.1203, men hverken korsfarerne eller hans befolkning var tilfreds. Allerede 28.1.1204 ble han styrtet av en slektning Alexios Murzuflos V. og døde kort etter. He was married to Irene N N.NSDTR.

Entre los reinados más lamentables de la historia bizantina, encontramos el reinado de la inepta dinastía de los ℓngel, llamada por el cronista Nicetas Choniates, como El Reinado de los ℓngeles Terrestres.
El Fundador de esta dinastía fue Isaac ℓngel, el cual, tras derrocar al emperador Andrónico Comneno, se hizo con la púrpura imperial y la diadema de los Basileos romanos. Su reinado comenzó con un éxito inicial, la derrota de los normandos y su expulsión de toda Grecia por obra del brillante General Alejo Branas. Desgraciadamente, sus siguientes obras fueron catastróficas para el Imperio Bizantino.
Alianzas Matrimoniales:
Isaac, era un miembro menor del clan Comneno, y además nieto de Teodora Comnena Porfirogénita, hija de Alejo I Comneno. Estaba casado posiblemente con Irene Comnena, hija bastarda del emperador Andrónico, aunque siempre quedo la duda acerca de la identidad de su primera mujer. Lo que se sabe es que de su primera mujer tuvo 3 hijos: Eudocia, una monja; Irene, reina consorte de Sicilia y emperatriz germánica y Alejo IV, futuro co-emperador durante el penoso periodo de la 4ta cruzada.
Isaac inició una política de alianzas matrimoniales, pues casó a su hermana, Teodora Angelina, con el marqués Conrado de Montferrato, cuya familia estaba emparentada con la familia imperial bizantina desde los tiempos de Manuel I. Su sobrina Eudocia, hija de su hermano Alejo, fue desposada por el príncipe Esteban de Serbia. A su hija, Irene, la casó con Roger III de Sicilia, para contrarrestar el peligro normando. Finalmente, el mismo desposó a Margarita, la hija del rey Bela III de Hungría y su esposa Agnes de Chatillon-Antioquía, la cual contaba con 10 años de edad. Con Margarita (llamada María en Bizancio) tuvo 2 hijos: Juan ℓngel, el cual huyó a Hungría y se convirtió en un príncipe húngaro, y Manuel ℓngel, el cual murió en Tesalónica en el año 1212, siendo hijastro de Bonifacio de Montferrato.
La Independencia de Bulgaria:
Isaac fue un monarca débil y dominado por su corte. Durante su reinado se produjeron diversas revueltas, siendo la más famosa la de Bulgaria, la cual, se independizó por el aumento de impuestos. Los hermanos Pedro e Iván Asen, independizaron Bulgaria y crearon el 2do. Imperio Búlgaro, liderado por los Asen y con capital en la ciudad de Tarnovo o Tirnovo. Los montañeses búlgaros, ayudados por los cumanos, atacaron las diversas fortalezas bizantinas en Moesia, aunque la vigorosa contraofensiva liderada por Isaac II en persona al mando del ejército Bizantino fue una victoria, los búlgaros, con refuerzos cumanos, volvieron y atacaron Moesia, tomando casi todo el territorio a la retirada de los ejércitos de Isaac II a Constantinopla.
Luego, Isaac encomendó la guerra a varios generales destacados, como su tío, el Sebastrocrátor Juan ℓngel Ducas, su cuñado, el general Juan Cantacuzeno, y al talentoso Alejo Branas, victorioso general en la contienda contra los normandos.
Más, durante la campaña de Branas en Bulgaria, este se rebeló contra Isaac, y marchó contra Constantinopla, mas fracasó, pues fue derrotado por el marqués Conrado de Montferrato y auxiliares italianos en el ejército imperial. Branas fue decapitado y su cabeza enviada a Isaac, que luego se la enviaría a la mujer de Branas.
La ultima fase de la campaña de Bulgaria fue el Asedio de Lovech (1188), una fortaleza que los búlgaros habían tomando. Isaac en persona acudió y combatió a los búlgaros, sitiando Lovech durante 3 meses sin ningún resultado favorable. El estado Búlgaro ya era independiente.
Conflictos con Federico I Barbarroja:
El Papa Gregorio VIII proclamó la Tercera Cruzada, tras la caída del Reino Latino de Jerusalén y el creciente poderío de Saladino.
El emperador Federico I Hohenstaufen, apodado Barbarroja, tomo la cruz en Marzo de 1188 y se propuso seguir la ruta terrestre de la Primera Cruzada. Los cruzados germanos, penetraron en el imperio a través de la frontera húngara, y cruzaron sus territorios. El Basileo Isaac, mantenía una alianza con Saladino para contrarrestar la amenaza Selyúcida tanto en su imperio como en el sultanato de Siria y Egipto.
Saladino pidió al Basileo que atrasara en lo posible la llegada de los germanos a Siria, por lo cual Isaac puso muchas trabas en el paso de los cruzados por Tracia. Barbarroja, viendo la actitud de Isaac, tomó la gran ciudad de Filipópolis (actual Plovdiv, Bulgaria), donde era gobernador Nicetas Choniates. El emperador germánico despachó embajadores a entrevistarse con Isaac II, y llegar a un acuerdo en el transporte de los cruzados germanos a Anatolia.
Isaac, enfurecido por la altanería de Barbarroja y la captura de Filipópolis, decidió arrestar a los embajadores de Federico, creyendo que este se sometería a su autoridad. Mientras que en Filipópolis, Federico recibía a los embajadores de los hermanos Asen y de el Príncipe Esteban Nemanja de Serbia. Al enterarse de que sus embajadores habían sido encarcelados, el germánico, ordenó a su hijo Felipe, que tomara la ciudad de Demótica, cercana a Adrianópolis, y escribió una carta a su hijo Enrique para que preparase una flota contra Constantinopla.
Al enterarse de tales eventos, y bajo la amenaza de una cruzada contra Bizancio, Isaac se doblegó ante Barbarroja y le guió hasta Gallípoli, donde este y su gran ejercito, cruzaron vía marítima hacia Anatolia.
La cruzada de Barbarroja tendría un comienzo arrollador, conquistando el 18 de Mayo de 1190 la capital de los Selyúcidas, Iconio, la cual ni el poderoso Basileo Manuel Comneno había podido tomar. Trágicamente, Barbarroja murió ahogado en la aguas del rio Salef en Cilicia, con lo cual, la cruzada perdió a su más valiente y experimentado líder.
La Alianza con Saladino y los Años Finales del Reinado de Isaac II:
Durante los últimos años de su primer reinado de 10 decadentes y penosos años, Isaac siguió combatiendo a Bulgaria, con mucha valentía, pues el mismo comando sus ejércitos contra los búlgaros. Lamentablemente, estas campañas fueron inútiles, ya que los montañeses búlgaros ayudados por los cumanos, siguieron expulsando a los bizantinos de Bulgaria.
En el año 1186, el Basileo decidió liberar a su hermano Alejo ℓngel, el cual se encontraba prisionero en las mazmorras de la ciudad de San Juan de Acre, principal puerto del reino cruzado de Jerusalén. A costa de un gran esfuerzo económico, Isaac costeó la creación de una nueva flota de 80 buques, para atacar Acre. Sin embargo, la flota bizantina fue derrotada estrepitosamente por la potente flota normanda, la cual protegía las ciudades marítimas de los estados cruzados; a causa de esto, en el año 1189, el Basileo se alió Saladino, sultán de Siria y Egipto, al cual prometió una flota de 100 barcos cuando este decidiera ponerle sitio a Antioquía, capital de un principado cruzado. Saladino prometió a Isaac II atacar conjuntamente el Sultanato de Iconio, enemigo común tanto del Basileo como de Saladino. La alianza con el sultán le valió al emperador, el desprecio de todo occidente, que le vio como un traidor a la cristiandad.
También durante la Tercera Cruzada, Ricardo I de Inglaterra tomó Chipre a Isaac Comneno, el cual gobernaba independientemente la isla desde los tiempos del Emperador Andrónico y al cual Isaac II intentó inútilmente doblegar tras el envió de 70 galeras en el año 1191, las cuales fueron derrotadas por Isaac con ayuda Normanda.
También en la ciudad de Filadelfia, en Asia Menor, el duque Teodoro Mangafas se había proclamado emperador, pero al final la revuelta no dio frutos y el mismo Mangafas fue obligado a abandonar Filadelfia y refugiarse con los Selyúcidas. Tras el desmembramiento del imperio durante la 4ta. Cruzada, Mangafas retornaría a Filadelfia, con la ambición de hacerse reconocer como legítimo Basileo.
El Emperador Depuesto y Cegado:
Una conspiración dirigida por los generales Miguel Cantacuzeno, Teodoro Branas, Juan Petralifas, el sebastocrátor Juan Ducas (tío del Basileo) y el hermano del emperador, Alejo ℓngel, fue la que derrocó a Isaac II y ocasionó la intervención de los cruzados en Constantinopla.
No hay duda de que Teodoro Branas odiaba a Isaac por la ejecución de su padre, el valiente general Alejo Branas, y que apoyó concretamente la revuelta de Alejo ℓngel a modo de venganza. Una personalidad importante durante el destronamiento de Isaac II fue su cuñada, la ambiciosa e inescrupulosa Eufrosina Ducas Camaterina, la cual fue una de las primeras personas en entrar al palacio imperial junto a los rebeldes, y arrestar a la familia del Basileo (es decir, María de Hungría y sus hijos, aún infantes, y al príncipe heredero Alejo).
Isaac había salido de caza con su guardia personal hacia Stagira, cerca de Constantinopla. Fue entonces que, Alejo, aprovechando la ausencia de Isaac, se proclamó emperador, ayudado por los generales antes mencionados, y ordenó la caza de Isaac II, el cual capturado, cegado y encerrado en la Torre de Anemas (también llamado bastión de Isaac ℓngel). Alejo fue proclamado emperador con el nombre de Alejo III ℓngel, llevando a Bizancio a una etapa de anarquía y desorden total. Alejo IV y Margarita de Hungría también fueron hechos prisioneros por Alejo III. Con ayuda pisana, Alejo IV escapó de Constantinopla, y pidió el apoyo de los soldados de la 4ta. Cruzada.
También Isaac II depuso a muchos patriarcas ortodoxos durante su reinado, considerándose señor absoluto del Imperio y destituyendo, en palabras de Vasiliev: arbitraria y sucesivamente a varios patriarcas de Constantinopla.
La Cuarta Cruzada y El Fin de Los ℓngeles Terrestres:
El reinado de Alejo III ℓngel, es sin dudas, el causante de las desgracias que seguirían a los tristes años que siguieron a Bizancio. Finalmente una nueva amenaza apareció en occidente contra la alta soberanía de Constantinopla.
La cuarta cruzada, proclamada por el papa Inocencio IV para la contraofensiva cristiana en Egipto, fue utilizada por el príncipe Alejo ℓngel para reponer a su padre en el trono. En verdad, Alejo deseaba ocupar el puesto de su padre, ya que este estaba ciego, y en Bizancio los ciegos eran incapaces de gobernar.
Desde Alemania, donde se hallaba refugiado Alejo, en la corte de su cuñado, Felipe Hohenstaufen, duque de Suabia y emperador de Germania, Alejo entró en contacto con los cruzados, especialmente con su líder, el marqués Bonifacio de Montferrato, y con el Dux de Venecia, Enrico Dandolo.
Tras una serie de acuerdos y tratados entre los que aparecían una inmensa suma de marcos de plata (200.000!!!), el retorno de la iglesia griega a la romana , y el mantenimiento de 500 caballeros bizantinos en el Santo Sepulcro, los cruzados aceptaron y tomaron un nuevo destino: Constantinopla.
Tras un breve asedio, el emperador Alejo III, aterrado por el peligro que corría, huyó de la ciudad, llevándose los tesoros del estado (una gran cantidad de ellos) y la corona imperial. Al ver que la ciudad estaba sin un emperador, los bizantinos sacaron de prisión a Isaac y lo restablecieron como legitimo Basileo de los Romanos.
Isaac, sin embargo, era ciego, y en efecto un ciego no podía dominar todo el Imperio Romano (el cual estaba siendo alarmantemente disminuido por ataques de búlgaros y turcos).Los cruzados instigaron la coronación del príncipe Alejo como co-emperador. Isaac aceptó la propuesta a regañadientes, y el joven príncipe fue coronado en la magnifica Catedral de Santa Sofía, siendo ahora el emperador Alejo IV ℓngel.
En septiembre de 1203, los barones Cruzados se presentaron ante el Gran Palacio Imperial. El emperador les recibió acompañado de su esposa, la emperatriz María, su hijo el co-emperador Alejo IV, el Protovestiario Alejo Ducas (apodado Murzuflo), la emperatriz Inés de Francia (llamada Ana en Bizancio, y viuda del los emperadores Alejo II y Andrónico I) y otros miembros de la corte. A pesar de los trucos mecánicos usados por los bizantinos para intimidar a los cruzados (avecillas de metal, leones mecanizados, arboles bañados en oro, entre otros), estos no se intimidaron, diciendo que detrás de todo ese circo, solo había una total debilidad. El emperador Isaac, furioso, gritó a los insolentes barones: nadie nunca se atrevió a desafiar la autoridad de los cesares en el propio palacio. ¡No responderé vuestra insolencia! Grito y mando a llamar a la guardia palaciega.
La tensa situación entre los cruzados y los bizantinos llegó a su fin. El pueblo, harto de los desatinos, arrogancia, y mala administración de los ℓngel, decidió deponerlos y acabar con el reinado de éstos. Alejo Ducas, el Protovestiario, aprovechando su posición en el palacio de las Blaquernas, y con apoyo de la Guardia Varega, ordenó el estrangulamiento de Alejo IV, y que Isaac II fuera devuelto a las mazmorras de la Capital. Derrocó también al recién escogido Basileo Nicolas Canabus, lo aprisionó y ejecuto con ayuda de los Varegos y finalmente se proclamó como nuevo autócrata de Constantinopla.
Así pues, murió Isaac en las mazmorras de Constantinopla, tal vez envenenado por Murzuflo, o tal vez de un shock producido por la cruel ejecución de su hijo Alejo. Así pues acabo la vida del emperador Isaac ℓngel, fundador de la dinastía de los ℓngeles, cuyo reinado fue el causante de la colosal debilidad bizantina, durante la cuarta cruzada.
El destino de los hijos de Isaac II con Margarita de Hungría fue el siguiente: Manuel, el menor, nacido después de 1195, fue encontrado con su madre por Bonifacio de Montferrato en el Palacio de Boukoleon, y mas tarde, tras casarse Margarita con Bonifacio, fue llevado a Tesalónica, donde murió en extrañas circunstancias en el año 1212. En cuanto a Juan, nacido en 1193, huyó a Hungría y gobernó Sirmiun y Belgrado alrededor de 1254.
Consideraciones Finales:
Isaac, fue un gobernante incapaz y dominado por la corte. A pesar de que demostró valentía combatiendo a los búlgaros en Moesia, no fue suficiente tal esfuerzo para recuperar las tierras Búlgaras, sometidas desde los tiempos de Basilio II. Su alianza con Saladino le valió el desprecio de Occidente, lo cual fue, en parte, producto de la Caída de Constantinopla en manos latinas, y el establecimiento de estados latinos en Grecia y Tróade. Fue Isaac, sin duda, uno de los príncipes más desgraciados que ocupo el trono de Constantino el Grande.

Emperador bizantino (1185-1195) y (1203-1204)

sa mère = Theodora Komnene ou Euphrosyne Kastamonides

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Vorfahren (und Nachkommen) von Isaac II Angelos

Konstantinos Angelos
± 1110-± 1156

Theodora Komnene
1088-1116

Theodoros Kastamonites
± 1099-????

Andronikos Dukas Angelo
± 1155-± 1211

Euphrosyne Kastamonitissa
± 1130-± 1195

Isaac II Angelos
± 1156-± 1204

Herina Tornikaina
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					Irini Maria Maria ± 1180-± 1208

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Historische Ereignisse

Taufdatum 8. September 1989

Taufdatum 8. September 1989

Die Temperatur am 8. September 1989 lag zwischen 10,4 °C und 23,8 °C und war durchschnittlich 17,9 °C. Es gab 9,8 Stunden Sonnenschein (74%). Die durchschnittliche Windgeschwindigkeit war 2 Bft (Schwacher Wind) und kam überwiegend aus Nord-Osten. Quelle: KNMI
Koningin Beatrix (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) war von 30. April 1980 bis 30. April 2013 Fürst der Niederlande (auch Koninkrijk der Nederlanden genannt)
Von Dienstag, 4 November, 1986 bis Dienstag, 7 November, 1989 regierte in den Niederlanden das Kabinett Lubbers II mit Drs. R.F.M. Lubbers (CDA) als ersten Minister.
Von Dienstag, 7 November, 1989 bis Montag, 22 August, 1994 regierte in den Niederlanden das Kabinett Lubbers III mit Drs. R.F.M. Lubbers (CDA) als ersten Minister.
Im Jahr 1989: Quelle: Wikipedia
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- 17. April » Am Tian’anmen-Platz in Peking kommt es zu einer Großdemonstration für den zwei Tage zuvor verstorbenen chinesischen Reformpolitiker Hu Yaobang.
- 12. September » Die Bürgerbewegung Demokratie Jetzt wird in der DDR gegründet.
- 26. November » Auf den Komoren wird Präsident Ahmed Abdallah unter Mitwirkung des französischen Söldners Bob Denard ermordet.
- 28. November » Während der Samtenen Revolution nimmt die tschechoslowakische kommunistische Regierung Verhandlungen mit dem Bürgerforum auf.

Über den Familiennamen Angelos

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Die Familienstammbaum Homs-Veröffentlichung wurde von George Homs erstellt.nimm Kontakt auf

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George Homs, "Familienstammbaum Homs", Datenbank, Genealogie Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-homs/I6000000000125565519.php : abgerufen 30. April 2024), "Isaac II "Ισαάκιος Β' Άγγελος" Angelos Byzantine Emperor (± 1156-± 1204)".

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Familienstammbaum Homs » Isaac II "Ισαάκιος Β' Άγγελος" Angelos Byzantine Emperor (± 1156-± 1204)