Bakur, also known as Pacorus or Aurelius Pacorus[1] (Bakur Armenian: ??????, Latinized: Bacurius, Aurelius Pacorus Greek: ???????? ???????) was a Parthian Prince who served as one of the Kings of Armenia in the 2nd century.
Not much is known on the life and origins of Bakur. Bakur was a member of the Parthian Royal family, the Arsacids.[2] He is known from a Greek funeral inscription[3] in Rome[4] as a dedication from him in honoring the memory of his brother Aurelius Merithates.[5] In the inscription dedication Bakur describes himself as:
???????? ??????? ßas??e?? µe????? ??µe??a?[6]
or from the Greek translation
Aurelius Pacorus King of Greater Armenia[7]
From the inscription it is evident that Bakurs brother lived and died in Rome.[8] The inscription also shows that Bakur lived for a time in Rome and had friends in Rome.[9] The name Aurelius points to a close connection with the imperial house[10] of the NervaAntonine dynasty. At some point Bakur and his brother received Roman citizenship[11] from an Emperor of the NervaAntonine dynasty, perhaps from Lucius Verus[12] either before or after Bakurs Armenian Kingship.[13]
Bakur is known to have ruled Armenia in the second century and is the only Bakur to be appointed as King of Armenia by a ruling King of Parthia who was removed by Lucius Verus.[14] During the Roman Parthian War of 161-166, Vologases IV of Parthia in 161/162 entered the Roman Client Kingdom of Armenia, expelled the Roman Client Armenian King Sohaemus and installed Bakur as a Parthian Client King of Armenia.[15][16]
Bakur served as an Armenian King from 161/162 until 163/164 when Lucius Verus arrived with the Roman Army in Armenia.[17] Bakur was dethroned by the Romans when they captured Armenia and the Armenian capital.[18] After Bakur was dethroned, Sohaemus was reinstalled to his Armenian Kingship.[19] Bakurs fate is unknown afterwards, however he may have been brought to Rome by Lucius Verus to live.[20]
Bakur is not to be confused by another Pacorus made King of the Ladii in Colchis by Roman emperor Antoninus Pius.
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