Richard and Charlotte Allen Cosby Ancestry » Edward I 'Longshanks' Plantagenet, K. of England (1239-1307)

Persönliche Daten Edward I 'Longshanks' Plantagenet, K. of England 

• Alternative Namen: Edward I Longshanks England Plantagenet, Edward I "Longshanks" King of England, Edward King of England I, Edward I King of England 09th Earl of Chester, Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks" King O England, 'Longshanks' King of England Edward I
• Er wurde geboren am 18. Juni 1239 in Westminster Palace, London, England.Quelle 1

  Pass auf: War jünger als 16 Jahre (13), als Kind (Princess of England Alice) geboren wurde (??-??-1252).

  Pass auf: War jünger als 16 Jahre (5), als Kind (Lucy deCORONA) geboren wurde (??-??-1244).

  Pass auf: Alter bei der Heirat (18. Oktober 1254) war unter 16 Jahre (15).

  Pass auf: Alter bei der Heirat (??-??-1254) war unter 16 Jahre (15).

• Alternative: Er wurde geboren am 17. Juni 1239 in Westminster, London, England.Quelle 4
• Alternative: Er wurde geboren am 17. Juni 1239 in Westminster Palace, London, Middlesex, England.Quelle 5
• Alternative: Er wurde geboren am 18. Juni 1239 in London, England.
• (Ruled) in 1272-1307.
• Er ist verstorben am 7. Juli 1307 in Burgh-on-the-Sand, Cumberlandshire, England, er war 68 Jahre alt.Quelle 1
• Alternative: Er ist verstorben am 7. Juli 1307 in Burgh On Sands, Cumberland, Eng, England, er war 68 Jahre alt.
• Alternative: Er ist verstorben am 7. Juli 1307 in Burgh On The Sands, Northumberland, England, er war 68 Jahre alt.
• Alternative: Er ist verstorben am 7. Juli 1307 in Burgh-on-sands, Cumberland, Eng, England, er war 68 Jahre alt.Quelle 4
• Alternative: Er ist verstorben am 7. Juli 1307 in Burgh-on-the-Sand near Carlisle, Cumberland, England, er war 68 Jahre alt.Quelle 5
• Er wurde beerdigt am 28. Oktober 1307 in Westminster Abbey, London, England.
• Ein Kind von Henry Plantagenet, und Eleanor of Provence

Familie von Edward I 'Longshanks' Plantagenet, K. of England

(1) Er ist verheiratet mit A Lady in Waiting to Eleanor of Castile,.

Sie haben geheiratet am 18. Oktober 1254 in Burgos, Burgos, Castilla-Leon, Spain, er war 15 Jahre alt.Quelle 1

Kind(er):

1. Eleanor Plantagenet  
2. Alphonso Plantagenet  
3. Henry Plantagenet  
4. John Plantagenet  
5. Elizabeth Plantagenet  
6. Mary Plantagenet  
7. Blanch Plantagenet  
8. Beatrice Plantagenet  
9. Alice Plantagenet  
10. Berenger Plantagenet  
11. Lucy deCORONA  1244-1300 
12. Joan Plantagenet  1272-????
13. Margaret Plantagenet  1275-????
14. Edward Plantagenet  1284-????

(2) Er ist verheiratet mit Leonor of Castile & Léon.

Sie haben geheiratet am 18. Oktober 1254 in Burgos, Castilla-Leon, Spain, er war 15 Jahre alt.Quelle 5

Kind(er):

1. Princess of England Alice  1252-1337 
2. Katherine England  1264-1264
3. Princess of England Eleanor Plantagenet  1264-1318
4. Joan of England  1265-1265
5. John of England  1266-1271
6. Henry Plantagenet  1268-1274
7. Eleanor Of England  1269-1298
8. Joan 'of Acre' Plantagenet,  1272-1307 
9. Alphonso Plantagenet,  1273-1284
10. Princess of England Margaret Plantagenet  1275-> 1333
11. Berengaria of England  1276-1278
12. Mary of England  1279-1332
13. Elizabeth Plantagenet,  1282-1316 
14. Edward II Plantagenet King of England  1284-1327 

(3) Er ist verheiratet mit Marguerite(THE PEARL OF FRANCE) lehardi Capet de France Queen consort of England.

Sie haben geheiratet am 8. September 1299 in Canterby Cathedral,Canterbury,Kent,England***Data is already there***, er war 60 Jahre alt.

Kind(er):

1. Edmund Plantagenet,  1301-1329 
2. Earl of Norfolk Thomas de Brotherton   

(4) Er ist verheiratet mit Eleanor of Castile.

Sie haben geheiratet im Jahr 1254, er war 14 Jahre alt.

Notizen bei Edward I 'Longshanks' Plantagenet, K. of England

[Source: Who's Who in the Middle Ages, John Fines, Barnes & Noble Books, New York, 1995]he Confessor. He was heir to wide domains and many troubles, and had an early taste of both. In 1252 he was given charge of the troublesome but lucrative Gascon territories. Two years later he was married to Eleanor of Castile---a political marriage, but one that was to turn into a love-match.h baronial revolt. His father was neither a good leader of men, nor a good soldier, so the burden was thrust upon his young son. The barons' leader, Simon de Montfort, was Edward's uncle, and there is no doubt that the prince was both attracted to his uncle's ideas of government, and also deeply influenced by his military tactics. But after the defeat at Lewes, and a humiliating imprisonment, his admiration turned to hostility, which was only sated with the rout of Evesham in 1265.t the settlement with the baronial opposition should not in itself provoke a further uprising.ion now soared, and in 1272 he suffered an attack from an assassin, in which he was grazed by a poisoned dagger in the scuffle. He recovered, and was able to negotiate a ten-year truce before returning home, covered with honour.74 before England saw him. Once properly seated on the throne, however, he gave every evidence of his vigour and determination to rule. Within two months of the coronation, commissioners were scouring the land completing a survey as large and efficient as any that had been understaken since Domesday. The commissioners enquired into encroachments upon royal rights, and into injustices committed by the king's servants; their detailed reports are know to historians as the Hundred Rolls, based as they were on the administrative unit of the hundred.e the basis of Edward's legislative reforms. A long series of statutes, enacted at the enlarged parliaments introduced by Simon de Montfort, aimed at the improvement of justice at the local as well as the national level, and also tried to rationalise the bewildering array of jurisdictions, known as liberties, the feudal government had seen grow up. Edward had a genuine concern to see justice done, which gained for him the deep admiration of his subjects. He was also very well informed about the localities, for he was constantly on the move, covering distances of about 2,000 miles a year, with a court of perhaps a thousand horses lumbering behind him on the muddy and dangerous medieval roads.s unwelcome visitation. Llewellyn, Prince of Wales, had rather foolishly refused to do homage for his lands at Edward's coronation, and in 1277 the King attacked and reduced his dominions by half. Five years later the Prince's brother David rose in rebellion, and Llewellyn was forced to join him, only to be killed in a petty foray. With no great leader left to them, the Welsh submitted to annexation, and saw gigantic castles rise in key-points such as Conway, Caernarvon and Harlech, castles that would prevent future revolt. Edward was an arrant colonist, and typically brought back from Wales the great cross of Neath to carry in procession to Westminster for the service of thanksgiving. The Abbey was to see many more proud trophies plundered for its decoration and distinction.s eager to be off to Palestine once more, but the European situation prevented a new crusade: France and Aragon struggled over the body of Sicily, and the Pope was hopelessly committed as a partisan. Edward now spent long months attempting to bring peace to Europe so that the Christian nations could unite in crusade.d absence corruption throve, and in 1289 the King was forced to conduct an enquiry which resulted, among other things, in the banishment of his chief justice. The same year he had to go north to convene the court that was to judge between the various 'competitors' for the throne of Scotland. The legalism fascinated him, but in the middle of this interesting judicial wrangle, his wife died. He was heartbroken, and as he accompanied the body from Lincolnshire to London, he ordered elaborate crosses to be set up wherever the cortège rested. The last was Charing Cross. A most beautiful monument was set up in Westminster Abbey, and those who view it can see something of Edward's loss.o accept vassal status as a quid pro quo. Years of trouble lay ahead: the French made war, the Welsh rebelled, and the Pope made life extrememly difficult for the hard-pressed English king. He continued to demand Edward's presence on crusade---which he would have dearly loved, but found impossible; his only contribution was the expulsion of Jews in 1290. Furthermore the Pope had suddenly issued a Bull declaring that the state had no right to tax the clergy, and Edward was desperately short of money for war on three fronts.f his actions in the next few years. Scotland had refused to accept him as overlord, and he annexed the land, deposed Balliol, and removed the Stone of Scone to Westminster Abbey in 1296. When Wallace rose as a leader in Scotland, Edward increased the fury of his attack; the rebels received no mercy.e sister of the French king, and by 1304 Scotland seemed well under his heel, controlled by a policy of ruthless savagery. Edward could at last turn his attention back to English affairs, where disorder was rampant. New justices were sent round on the 'Trailbaston' commission to seek out the unsavoury Robin Hoods of the land, and gradually order returned.g when, in 1306, Robert Bruce, who had been his man for the past four years, suddenly went north and was crowned King of Scots. Old, tired, and sick, Edward moved up country to deal with this fresh menace to peace, but was taken very ill on the way. He had to direct the campaign from his bed, and vitriolic letters showered on his commanders accusing them of inaction and failure.ndous effort the King got up and gave his litter to Carlisle Cathedral---a typical gesture, again---and set off on horseback. The progress was desperately slow---some two miles a day---but even that was too fast for the sick king, who quickly succumbed and died in July 1307.. He was tall and strong, a fine horseman and a doughty warrior. A great leader of men, he was also able to lead to success. He was interested in government and law in a very genuine way. As a personality he was pious, but easily provoked to rage and often vindictive. He was fond of games---so passionately did he love his hawks that when they were ill he sent money to shrines to pray for their recovery. He was generous to the poor, and often a gay companion: he played chess, and loved music and acrobats; once he bet his laundress Matilda that she couldn't ride his charger, and she won! Every Easter Monday he paid ransom to his maids if they found him in bed. He loved his two wives, and fussed over their health and that of his children with a pathetic concern---sometimes threatening the doctor with what would happen to him if his patient did not recover. His people feared, respected and remembered him.. He was on a Crusade at the time of his accession and returned to England in 1274. Reigning for 35 years he was a strong and wise King. He married Eleanor of Castille and after her death Margaret, daughter of Phillip III of France. Edward had 16 children, the most of any Monarch. He carried out much needed reform and clarification of the law. Starting in 1277 he set out to resolve the Welsh problem which had proved so troublesome in Henry III's reign. The area around Snowdon and Anglesy harboured Llewelyn and other warlike princes. Llewelyn was killed in battle and the Welsh resistance collapsed. The Statute of Wales in 1284 arranged for administration under a mixed English and Welsh law. Castles were built to secure the Principality, including Caernarvon where Edward's son was born and who was created Prince of Wales in 1301. During his campaign in Wales, it was found that the long bow used by the Southern Welsh, was an amazingly effective weapon which would revolutionise forthcoming conflicts. Edward next marched on Scotland and won a crushing victory at Falkirk but Robert Bruce arose and made himself King of Scotland. Although known as The Hammer of the Scots, Edward had not succeeded in subjugating that noble land. Edward may be best remembered by the Model Parliament called in 1295. He died, marching against the Scots, on 7th July 1307. -1-us kings of England had made repeated attempts to invade the Welsh stronghold of Snowdonia. However, the feudal army was not suited to campaigning in mountainous country, where the Welsh simply disappeared into the high mountains, and after the feudal army disbanded at the end of its forty day period of service, the Welsh would come back down from the mountains and reoccupy their lands. Edward I responded to this in three ways. First, he altered the nature of his army. Many nobles appeared with a fraction of their full quota, and stayed on after the forty days in return for a wage, while he also paid for a large number of infantry, amongst whom there were a large number of south Welsh troops. Second, Edward embarged on a largescale road building program throughout Snowdonia, clearing forests to avoid ambush and allowing his troops much easier access to the Welsh heartland. Thirdly, he embarked on a huge program of castle building, by far the biggest undertaken by any English king - indeed, Wales was truly pacified before all of the castles were completed,. and were not tested until Glendowers revolt, over a century later.e to assume his throne. As was tradition, he summoned Llewellyn-ap-Graffyd, prince of Gwynedd, to do homage to him as his superior. However, Llewellyn regarded himself as an equal of Edward, as ruler of his own Principality, and refused to appear. Edward responded by raising one of the largest armies any English king had then created, with 1,000 Knights, and up to 15,000 footsoldiers, raised from the areas bordering Wales, properly supported and capable of staying in the field until the war was won. The campaign started with two thrusts into south and mid Wales by the marcher lords, which stripped much of Llewellyns support from him. In July 1277, Edward and the main army left Worcester to march towards the North Welsh coast. The army moved along the coast from Chester, to Flint (26 July 1277), then Rhuddlan, and then to the mouth of the River Conway (29 July 1277), cutting a wide road along the coast, and beginning the construction of Edwards great castles. At the same time, a fleet raised from the Cinque Ports isolated Anglesey, from where the Welsh gained most of their grain. Once Edward reached Conway, a detachment from his army captured Anglesey, and the grain supplies, leaving Llewellyn without food and surrounded, forcing his surrender. On 9 November 1277, the Treaty of Conway marked his defeat. He agreed to withdraw into Gwynedd, abandoning earlier conquests, while also abandoning his claims to authority in the Welsh Marches, and acknowledging Edward as his superior.ed with Edward, suddenly abandoned his alliance, and launched an attack on the English, forcing Llewellyn to join him. At first, the Welsh achieved great success, besieging Flint and Rhuddlan, and reaching as far as Chester and the Bristol Channel. Edward used the same approach as in 1277, although this time he also had to reconquer large areas of South Wales as well as Gwynedd. From July 1282, events largely mirrored those of 1277. Edward fought his was along the north Welsh coast, while the fleet captured Anglesey. Another army advanced through the vale of Clwyd. Threatened by both armys, David withdrew, forcing Llewellyn to abandon his conquests in south Wales and return to Gwynedd. At this point, Edward was poised to launch a three pronged attack on Gwynedd, while Llewellyn was ready for a final defense of his homeland, when Luke de Tany, in charge of the army on Anglesey, tried to cross the Menai Strait to the mainland unsupported, and waiting Welsh forces annihilated his force, forcing Edward to cancel his attack and plan for a long winter campaign. At this point, luck played its part. On 11 December, Llewellyn was caught and killed by a marcher force under John Giffard at the battle of Orewen Bridge. After Llewellyns death, Welsh resistence was effectively over. This time, Edward ended the independence of the Princes of Gwynedd, which became the core of the lands of the English Princes of Wales. -2-y from his stronghold in Snowdonia. He and his troops encountered the English, led by John Giffard and Edmund Mortimer, two Marcher lords, at Orewin Bridge near Builth. The Welsh took up position facing the bridge, expecting the English to be forced to attack from that direction. However, Welsh supporters of the English showed them a ford across the river, and the English infantry crossed over and attacked the Welsh flank. The Welsh retreated from the bridge and formed up on a hilltop, allowing the English cavalry to cross over unopposed. The English archers did great damage to the static Welsh spearmen who suffered heavy casualties before breaking. Llewellyn himself was absent when the battle started, and arrived on the scene too late to make any difference. On the edge of the battle he was killed in single combat by Stephen de Frankton, a shropshire Man-at-arms. The death of Llewellyn was the true significance of Orewin Bridge. -3-

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