Pawhuska is a city in and the county seat of Osage County, Oklahoma, United States, and the capital of the Osage Nation. The population was 3,589 at the 2010 census, a decline of 1.2 percent from 3,629 at the 2000 census. The ZIP Code for the city is 74056. It was named for the 19th-century Osage chief, Pawhuska, which means "White Hair" in English. The Osage Agency, which opened here in 1872, continues its operations in Pawhuska to the present. America's first Boy Scout troop was organized here in 1909.