Genealogy Richard Bush » John I King of England (1166-1216)

Persönliche Daten John I King of England 

• Alternative Name: John "Lackland" King of England
• Er wurde geboren am 24. Dezember 1166 in Beaumont Palace, Kings Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England.
• (Royal House) : Plantagenet.
• (Title (Nobility)) : King of England.
• (Nickname) : "Lackland".
• Er ist verstorben am 19. Oktober 1216 in Newark Castle, Newark-On-Trent, Nottinghamshire, England, er war 49 Jahre alt.
• Alternative: Er ist verstorben am 2. November 1216 in Newark, Nottinghamshire, England, er war 49 Jahre alt.
• Er wurde beerdigt im Jahr 1216 in Worcester Cathedral, Worcestershire, England.
• Alternative: Er wurde beerdigt in Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England.
• Ein Kind von Henry II King of England und Eleanore d'aquitaine

Familie von John I King of England

(1) Er ist verheiratet mit Queen Consort of England Isabella of Angoulême.

Sie haben geheiratet im Jahr 1200, er war 33 Jahre alt.

Kind(er):

1. Henry III King of England  1207-1272 

(2) Er hat eine Beziehung mit Adela Plantagenet.

Kind(er):

1. Richard Fitzroy  1186-1246

(3) Er hat eine Beziehung mit Isabella de Taillefer.

Kind(er):

1. Queen Consort of Scotland Joan of England  1210-1238
2. Isabelle Plantagenet  1214-1241
3. Eleanor Plantagenet  1215-1275
4. Richard Plantagenet  

Notizen bei John I King of England

John (24 December 1166 - 19 October 1216) was King of England from 1199 until his death in 1216. He lost the Duchy of Normandy and most of his other French lands to King Philip II of France, resulting in the collapse of the Angevin Empire and contributing to the subsequent growth in power of the French Capetian dynasty during the 13th century. The baronial revolt at the end of John's reign led to the sealing of Magna Carta, a document sometimes considered an early step in the evolution of the constitution of the United Kingdom.

John was the youngest of the four surviving sons of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine. He was nicknamed John Lackland because he was not expected to inherit significant lands.[1] He became Henry's favourite child following the failed revolt of 1173-74 by his brothers Henry the Young King, Richard, and Geoffrey against the King. John was appointed the Lord of Ireland in 1177 and given lands in England and on the continent. The war between Henry II and his elder sons ended with the deaths of Henry the Young King and Geoffrey. John unsuccessfully attempted a rebellion against the royal administrators of his brother, King Richard, whilst Richard was participating in the Third Crusade, but he was proclaimed king after Richard died in 1199. He came to an agreement with Philip II of France to recognise John's possession of the continental Angevin lands at the peace treaty of Le Goulet in 1200.

When war with France broke out again in 1202, John achieved early victories, but shortages of military resources and his treatment of Norman, Breton, and Anjou nobles resulted in the collapse of his empire in northern France in 1204. He spent much of the next decade attempting to regain these lands, raising huge revenues, reforming his armed forces and rebuilding continental alliances. His judicial reforms had a lasting effect on the English common law system, as well as providing an additional source of revenue. An argument with Pope Innocent III led to John's excommunication in 1209, a dispute he finally settled in 1213. John's attempt to defeat Philip in 1214 failed because of the French victory over John's allies at the battle of Bouvines. When he returned to England, John faced a rebellion by many of his barons, who were unhappy with his fiscal policies and his treatment of many of England's most powerful nobles. Although both John and the barons agreed to the Magna Carta peace treaty in 1215, neither side complied with its conditions. Civil war broke out shortly afterwards, with the barons aided by Louis VIII of France. It soon descended into a stalemate. John died of dysentery contracted whilst on campaign in eastern England during late 1216; supporters of his son Henry III went on to achieve victory over Louis and the rebel barons the following year.

Contemporary chroniclers were mostly critical of John's performance as king, and his reign has since been the subject of significant debate and periodic revision by historians from the 16th century onwards. Historian Jim Bradbury has summarised the current historical opinion of John's positive qualities, observing that John is today usually considered a "hard-working administrator, an able man, an able general".[2] Nonetheless, modern historians agree that he also had many faults as king, including what historian Ralph Turner describes as "distasteful, even dangerous personality traits", such as pettiness, spitefulness, and cruelty.[3] These negative qualities provided extensive material for fiction writers in the Victorian era, and John remains a recurring character within Western popular culture, primarily as a villain in films and stories depicting the Robin Hood legends.

Contents
1Early life (1166-1189)
1.1Childhood and the Angevin inheritance
1.2Early life
2Richard's reign (1189-1199)
3Early reign (1199-1204)
3.1Accession to the throne, 1199
3.2Second marriage and consequences, 1200-1202
3.3Loss of Normandy, 1202-1204
4John as king
4.1Kingship and royal administration
4.2Economy
4.3Royal household and ira et malevolentia
4.4Personal life
5Later reign (1204-1214)
5.1Continental policy
5.2Scotland, Ireland and Wales
5.3Dispute with the Pope
6Failure in France and the First Barons' War (1215-1216)
6.1Tensions and discontent
6.2Failure of the 1214 French campaign
6.3Pre-war tensions and Magna Carta
6.4War with the barons
7Death
8Legacy
8.1Historiography
8.2Popular representations
9Family tree
10Notes
11References
12Bibliography

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