Genealogie Wylie » Gilbert the Red de Clare 3rd Earl Gloucester and 7th Earl of Hertford (1243-1295)

Persönliche Daten Gilbert the Red de Clare 3rd Earl Gloucester and 7th Earl of Hertford 

• Auch bekannt als 9th Earl Clare.
• Er wurde geboren am 2. September 1243 in Christchurch, Hampshire, England.Quellen 21, 22, 23, 24

  Pass auf: Alter bei der Heirat (??-??-1253) war unter 16 Jahre (10).

• Alternative: Er wurde geboren.
• Alternative: Er wurde geboren.
• Berufe:
• von 1262 bis 1295 6th earl of Hertford.Quellen 25, 26
• von 1262 bis 1295 6th earl of Gloucester.Quellen 25, 26
• 9th lord of Clare.Quellen 25, 26
• Physische Beschreibung: red-headed.
• (Founded ) rund 1271 in Wales: Caerphilly Castle.Quelle 27
• (Owned ) in Cardiff,Wales: Cardiff Castle.Quelle 27
• Er ist verstorben am 7. Dezember 1295 in Monmouth Castle, Monmouthsire, Wales, er war 52 Jahre alt.Quellen 24, 28
• Alternative: Er ist verstorben.
• Alternative: Er ist verstorben.
• Er wurde beerdigt am 22. Dezember 1295 in Tewksbury Abbey, Tewksbury Abbey, Gloucestershire, England.Quelle 24
• Ein Kind von Richard de Clare und Maud de Lacy
• Diese Information wurde zuletzt aktualisiert am 25. Februar 2023.

Familie von Gilbert the Red de Clare 3rd Earl Gloucester and 7th Earl of Hertford

(1) Er ist verheiratet mit Alice de Lusignan.

Sie haben geheiratet im Jahr 1253 in 1st wife, er war 9 Jahre alt.

Kind(er):

1. Isabel de Clare  -1333
2. Joan (Johanna) de Clare (angenommen)  ± 1261-> 1323 

Das Paar ist geschieden.

(2) Er ist verheiratet mit Joan of Acre Plantagenet.

Sie haben geheiratet am 30. April 1290 in Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England, er war 46 Jahre alt.Quellen 29, 30

Kind(er):

1. Gilbert de Clare  1291-1314
2. Eleanor (Alianore) de Clare  1292-1337 
3. Margaret de Clare  1292-1342 
4. Elizabeth de Clare  1295-1360 

Notizen bei Gilbert the Red de Clare 3rd Earl Gloucester and 7th Earl of Hertford

!Earl of Gloucester and Hertford. [Magna Charta Sureties]

!Surnamed "the Red". Earl of Clare, Hertford, and Gloucester. 2nd wife was Princess Joan d'Acre, daughter of King Edward I; father of Margaret de Clare. [Magna Charta Barons, p. 149, 151, 192, 222]

!It was the decision of the great Welsh marcher lords, like Gilbert de Clare and Roger Mortimer, to side with the crown which enabled the Lord Edward to win the Battle of Evesham in 1268 and put down the Montfort revolt. It was a sign of the times, therefore, that in 1268 Gilbert, richest of the marchers, began to build an immense new castle at Caerphilly in Gwent. It was also significant that the Welsh made prolonged and desperate attempts to harass the workmen and to take and burn the castle before it was defensible. Nevertheless by 1277 the castle was finished, and it opened a new epoch in British castle-building. Caerphilly was not only the earliest concentric castle in Britain, it was also remarkable for its size and its water defences. Covering thirty acres, it is easily the biggest castle in Wales, and the terrifically high standards of its masonry and cementation ensured its survival, virtually intact, despite "slighting" under the Commonwealth. The castle stands on an island surrounded by an artificial lake, created by a great screen wall or dam, heavily defended, which controls the input of water from a stream; this wall also serves as a formidable barbican protecting the approach from the east. The final stronghold is the east gatehouse of the inner wall, which once included a splendid suite of state rooms. [Castles of England, Scotland and Wales, p. 60]

!3rd Earl of Gloucester; 7th Earl of Hertford; m. Joan Plantagenet; father of Margaret de Clare. [The Royal Descents, p. 224, 250, 258]

Earl of Clare, Hertford and Gloucester; m. Joan Plantagenet of Acre; father of Alianore de Clare and Margaret. [Ped. of Charlemagne, Vol. III, p. 118, 126]

Between 1267-71, Prince Llywelyn II became involved in northern Glamorgan, causing Gilbert de Clare, lord of Glamorgan and the richest of the subjects of the king of England, to join the ranks of his enemies. Caerfili Castle, a symbol of the pride of the house of Clare was built to thwart Llywelyn's ambitions in northern Glamorgan. [A History of Wales, pp. 149-50]

Gilbert de Clare's campaign was to bring the lordships of northern Glamorgan under his complete control by abolishing any residue of Welsh rule there, an object which he had accomplished by 1272. [A History, p. 154]

During the Welsh revolt of 1282-3, the men of Gilbert de Clare, leader of the royal forces in the south, were defeated near Dinefwr on 16 June. [A History, p. 159]

When the last of Lleision's descendants in the male line died about 1350, Afan came under the direct rule of the lord of Glamorgan. Senghennydd, which had previously been held by Gruffudd ap Rhys, a descendant of Ifor Bach, had already been absorbed by the Clare family, but Gruffudd's son, Llywelyn Bren, would have enough influence in Glamorgan to lead a revolt there in 1316. The fate of Maredudd of Caerleon, the representative of the line of Caradog ap Gruffudd ap Rhydderch, was similar: his lands in Gwent and Gwynllwy were seized by Gilbert de Clare in 1272, but the family continued to be highly regarded by the Welsh of the uplands and when they rose in revolt in 1294 they were led by Maredudd's son, Morgan. [A History, p. 166]

Llandaf lacked a bishop from 1287-95; in accordance with custom, Gilbert de Clare, lord of Glamorgan, took most of the lands of the diocese into his own hands and intervened in the appointment of diocesan officials. King Edward I was not prepared to countenance his activities and after considerable controversy, Clare acknowledged in 1295 that the authority of the lord of Glamorgan over the diocese of Llandaf would cease after his lifetime. [A History, p. 175]

In 1284 Gilbert greeted King Edward I in Glamorgan as a fellow sovereign rather than as suzerain. [A History, p. 175]

In 1292, when a dispute etween Bohun and Clare over the boundary separating Glamorgan from Brecon had developed into open warfare, King Edward summoned both to appear before his council at Abergavenny; they were imprisoned and their lordships were distrained. [A History, p. 176]

The Clare family had collieries in Glamorgan and coal was also mined in the lordship of Pembroke. [A History, p. 190]

b. 1243 [Judy Martin]

Earl of Hertford; m. Joan Plantagenet of Acre; father of Elizabeth. [Charlemagne & Others, Chart 2129]

Earl of Hertford & Gloucester; 1st husband of Joan Plantagenet. [Ancestral Roots, p. 12]

Gilbert the Red (as he was known for the fiery color of his hair) was to become involved in the turbulent English politics of the 1260s. At the time of his father's death Gilbert was a minor, though he was given possession of the Gloucester estates in 1263. To begin with, Gilbert continued on good terms with his powerful neighbour, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. However, over the next few years a series of military and political events was to completely change this situation; the building of Caerphilly can be seen as the last and most dramatic episode in this story.
At the battle of Lewes in May 1264, Earl Gilbert fought for Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester and leader of the baronial party. But in June 1265 de Montfort turned for support to Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, entering into a formal alliance with the prince. This action was extremely unpopular in England, and certainly raised fears among the Marcher barons. There was a danger that their rights would be ignored by the expansionist prince. For his part, Gilbert de Clare broke with Simon de Montfort; indeed, his commitment to him was probably never total. In August of that year Earl Gilbert and the young Lord Edward (the future King Edward I) led the royalist forces against de Montfort at the battle of Evesham. The baronial cause was defeated and de Montfort slain.
Gilbert the Red also took a major part in the negotiations which eventually led to the surrender of the remainder of de Montfort's forces, who had been besieged in Kenilworth Castle. The earl must have been greatly impressed by the water defences at Kenilworth, which consisted of streams so dammed up that they created great lakes protecting three sides of the castle. It may well be that it was from Kenilworth that Earl Gilbert borrowed some of the ideas which he later to put into operation so strikingly at Caerphilly.
At both Evesham and Kenilworth, Gilbert de Clare's role had proved vital to the Crown, yet he received very little by the way of royal grants in recognition of his services. Above all, he appears to have had serious misgivings about the government's treatment of the former rebels. In April 1267, Gilbert the Red marched on London to plead for clemency for the defeated and disinherited lords, and a popular rising took place in the city in their support. Backed by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, who needed new allies, the earl's mission was successful and the disinherited were able to buy back their confiscated lands on payment of a sum equal to a few years' rent. [Caerphilly Castle, pp. 5-7]

Already in 1266 Gilbert de Clare has seized upland Senghennydd from the local ruler, Gruffudd ap Rhys, since King Henry III had given the earl authority to take over the lands of those Welshmen in Glamorgan who had supported Llywelyn. Earl Gilbert must have appreciated that Llywelyn could interpret the Treaty of Montgomery s extinguishing his rights in Senghennydd, at least as far south as Caerphilly mountain, and to within a few miles of Cardiff--the caput or headquarters of the lordship of Glamorgan itself. Consequently, on 11 April 1268, Gilbert's workmen began building at Caerphilly, only a few months after the Treaty of Montgomery had been sealed. The young earl was just 25 at the time, yet the scheme for the stronghold was one of the most ambitious ever to have been conceived in the kingdom.
During the summer of 1268, Llywelyn's forces invaded upper or northern Senghennydd. A truce was arranged by the king and the dispute dragged on for two years, until Llywelyn finally lost patience and burnt some of the fortifications at Caerphilly on 13 October 1270. Gilbert de Clare recommenced building on the following 1 June, and Llywelyn prepared for outright war. The tension continued between the two until Llywelyn's death in 1282.
By 1287 Gilbert de Clare had cleared the road to Brecon and had begun another castle on his new frontier at Morlais (near Merthyr Tydfil). Here he came into conflict with Humphrey de Bohun, earl of Hereford, who disputed possession both of the land and of the castle of Morlais. As lords of the March, de Clare and de Bohun were allowed to rule their territories and settle disputes between themselves, either peacefully or by private war, without interference from the king. However, the king could intervene if one lord appealed to him for judgment against another. Bohun appealed to the king; they were both fined, imprisoned, paid substantial fines and released.
Earl Gilbert was to experience further difficulties just a few years later. In the autumn of 1294, the Welsh broke into revolt under Madog ap Llywelyn, mainly against the actions of the new royal administrators in north and west Wales. The uprising quickly spread to Glamorgan, where it was led by Morgan ap Maredudd, a local Welsh ruler dispossessed by Earl Gilbert in 1270, and attacks were directed against the de Clare estates. Morlais Castle was captured, and half the town of Caerphilly was burnt--although the castle itself held out. Eventually, in June 1295 the rebles surrendered, nto to de Clare but to the king himself. Earl Gilbert d. at the age of 52 in December 1295, and his estates were administered by his widow, Countess Joan of Acre, one of the king's daughters, until her death in 1307. The young heir, another Gilbert, was killed at the battle of Bannockburn in 1314. His untimely death meant the extinction of the de Clare male line, and the Gloucester inheritance was divided among three sisters. [Caerphilly Castle, pp. 6-10]

Son of ?? de Clare and Maude de Lacie; m. Joan of Acre Plantagenet; father of Elizabeth who m. theobald Verdun II. [WFT Vol 1 Ped 1847]

Caerphilly was built by Red Gilbert de Clare, Lord of Glamorgan, to defend his threatened territories against Llywelyn the Last, Prince of Wales. Flooding a valley to create a 32-acre lake he set his fortress on 3 artificial islands. On the central island, the core of the stronghold, stands a castle complete in itself, with a double concentric circuit of walls and 4 gatehouses, one large and powerful enough to serve as an independent final refuge. [Great Castles and Historic Attractions in South and West Wales flyer]

In 1263 Leicester (Simon de Montfort) took arms in concert with the young earl of Gloucester, and in May succeeded in capturing Hereford, carrying off the bishop, Peter of Aigueblanche, one of the king's Savoyard proteges, and confining him in the castle of Eardisley. [The Victoria History of the Counties of England: Herefordshire, p. 365]

Gilbert the Red who became Earl of Gloucester upon his father's death. Born in 1243, Gilbert rose to become one of the most powerful and influential men in England at his time. He used the strife of the mid-13th century Baronial Wars to his advantage, siding first with Simon de Montfort at the battle of Lewis in 1264, and afterwards with Henry II and Prince Edward. Indeed, the Earl of Gloucester played a crucial role in the defeat of de Montfort's army at the battle of Evesham the following year, and used the opportunity to strengthen the family's position in the Welsh borderlands.
Gilbert the Red managed to firmly establish new lands in the former Welshprincipality by strength of the sword and diplomacy with the king. Gilbert sealed his favour with the royal household by divorcing his first wife Alice in 1271 in order to marry Joan of Acre, daughter of the newly crowned Edward I. His second marriage produced three daughters and a son, also named Gilbert. [The de Clare Family by Daniel Mersey <http://www.castlewales.com/clares.html]

The caer in the name Caerphilly indicated the existence of a Roman fort 1200 years before Gilbert de Clare, the powerful Marcher lord started building what was to be the largest non-royal castle in Britain. It is twice the size of the Tower of London with its outer walls, and its 30 acres can encompass Edward I's castles at Beaumaris, Caernarfon, Conwy, Harlech and Rhuddlan. Such was the might of the fortress of de Clare, who as well as being lord of Glamorgan, was earl of Gloucester, earl of Hertford, and lord of Tonbridge in Kent, and of Clare in Suffolk, from where the family took its name.
It was Llywelyn ap Gruffudd's control over Breconshrie that caused alarm to Gilbert de Clare, who realised that the low mountain ranges with their sturdy Welsh resistance would all too readily ally themselves with Llywelyn's southward advance, and soon take over the whole of the Glamorgan coastal plain. He therefore moved northwards and usurped the territory of the native ruler, Gruffudd ap Rhys in 1267, the year in which by the Treaty of Montgomery Henry III himself recognized Llywelyn as 'Prince of Wales'. Unheeding, a year later and by now lord of Glamorgan de Clare started work on his castle. It was a futile demonstration of his recent control over the area, because Llywelyn ap Gruffudd invaded the district and demolished Gilbert's fortification. The king's death in 1272, and the ensuing strife between the new king, Edward I and Llywelyn, deflected the Prince of Wales's interest from Caerphilly, and de Clare proceeded with him ambitious plans which absorbed his energy until his death in 1295. His son, also named Gilbert, who died at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, probably undertook those of his father's schemes that had not been completed at the time of his death. [The Castles of Wales, p. 54]

Gilbert the Red was responsible for much of the refortification done at Cardiff Castle. Among the defences that he built were the Black Tower to the left of the present entrance gate, which now accommodates the museum of the Welch Regiment, and a wall to link it to the refortified Norman keep, thereby creating two wards. Caerphilly, today less than half an hour's journey from Cardiff, was another of his building projects. Halfway between them he also built Castle Coch. [The Castles of Wales, p. 63-64]

Castell Coch (the Red Castle) was a fortress of the de Clares, earls of Glamorgan. In was in decay as late as the 1870s when it was transformed by William Burges, 3rd marquess of Bute, into its present state. [The Castles of Wales, p. 78]

Heir of his father, Richard, Gilbert was a minor and had to wait for two years before succeeding to the lordship. 'Gilbert the Red' then began to dominate affairs in SE Wales and beyond.
An almost unbroken period of military success was enjoyed by the Welsh prince Llywelyn ap Gruffydd ('Llywelyn the Last') from 1256 until 1274. Most of the native Welsh princes were obliged to transfer their allegiances from the king to him, and he mounted raids of unbridled ferocity into South Wales. This tested the military genius of Gilbert. Only four years after he came into his father's estate he started to build Caerphilly castle in order to defend the norther approaches to his lands, to see it torn apart by Llywelyn's army almost immediately. In 1271 the tremendous fortress we know today began to rise from the fuins of the first, seeing Gilbert the Red as lord of the most powerful mediaeval castle ever built.
The ever-present threat of attack on the castle at Cardiff, the administrative center for the whole of the Glamorgan lordship, caused him to reconstruct its defences with a great sense of urgency. He built the central embattled wall to link the improved keep (remodelled for the better accommodation of the household) with the south gate and the Black Tower. On the east side of the embattled wall (the outer ward) were now provided permanent lodgings for the knights of Glamorgan and their grooms and men-at-arms, during their periods of garrison duty.
By this time, so powerful had Gilbert grown that when King Edward I made a royal progress through Wales in 1284 he had to seek specific permission from his nominally subject lord to enter Glamorgan. To secure his loyalty the king determined that Gilbert should marry his own daughter Joan and in 1290 this union was brought about.
Dying in 1295, Gilbert left a son of the same name who succeeded to the lordship, still in his minority, on the death of Joan, his mother. [Cardiff Castle]

Gilbert joined Simon de Montford against Henry III. In 1264 he was the leading figure in the massacre of the Jews of Canterbury and soon after commanded de Montfort's centre at the battle of Lewes (14 May 1264). However, he quarrelled with de Montfort in November and joined Henry III's son Prince Edward (later Edward I). He commanded a division in the battle of Evesham (4 August 1265) in which de Montfort died. Gilbert proclaimed Edward I king in November 1272. He fought against the Welsh (1276-83) and married Edwqard I's daughter Joan in 1290. Rebels drove him out of Wales in 1294. [The Plantagenet Encyclopedia, p. 85]

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