Genealogie Wylie » Frederick William I of Prussia (1688-1740)

Persönliche Daten Frederick William I of Prussia 


Familie von Frederick William I of Prussia

Waarschuwing Pass auf: Frau (Sophia Dorothea of Hanover) ist auch sein Cousin.

Er ist verheiratet mit Sophia Dorothea of Hanover.

Sie haben geheiratet am 28. November 1706 in Berlin, Brandenburg, Prussia, er war 18 Jahre alt.


Kind(er):



Notizen bei Frederick William I of Prussia

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Frederick William I of Prussia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Frederick William I
Image
Portrait by Antoine Pesne, c. 1733
King in Prussia
Elector of Brandenburg
Reign25 February 1713 – 31 May 1740
PredecessorFrederick I
SuccessorFrederick II

Born14 August 1688
Berlin, Brandenburg-Prussia
Died31 May 1740 (aged 51)
Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia
BurialFriedenskirche, Sanssouci Park, Potsdam
SpouseSophia Dorothea of Hanover

(m. 1706)
Issue⦁Prince Frederick Louis
Wilhelmine, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
⦁Prince Frederick William
Frederick II of Prussia
⦁Princess Charlotte
Frederica Louise, Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach
Philippine Charlotte, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
⦁Prince Louis
Sophia Dorothea, Margravine of Brandenburg-Schwedt
Louisa Ulrika, Queen of Sweden
Prince Augustus William
Princess Anna Amalia
Prince Henry
Prince Augustus Ferdinand
HouseHohenzollern
FatherFrederick I
MotherSophia Charlotte of Hanover
ReligionCalvinist
SignatureImage
Frederick William I (German: Friedrich Wilhelm I.; 14 August 1688 – 31 May 1740), known as the "Soldier King" (German: Soldatenkönig[1]), was King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death in 1740, as well as Prince of Neuchâtel. He was succeeded by his son, Frederick the Great.

Contents
1Early years
2Reign
3Burial and reburials
4Relationship with Frederick II
5Marriage and family
6Ancestry
7See also
8References
9Further reading
10External links
Early years[edit]
He was born in Berlin to King Frederick I of Prussia and Princess Sophia Charlotte of Hanover. During his first years, he was raised by the Huguenot governess Marthe de Roucoulle.[2] When Great Northern War plague outbreak devastated Prussia, the inefficiency and corruption of the king's favorite ministers and senior officials were highlighted. Frederick William with a party that formed at the court brought down the leading minister Johann Kasimir Kolbe von Wartenberg and his cronies following an official investigation that exposed Wartenberg's huge-scale misappropriation and embezzlement. His close associate August David zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein was imprisoned at Spandau Citadel, fined 70,000 thalers and banished subsequently. The incident exerted great influence on Frederick William, making him resent corruption, wastage and inefficiency and realize the necessity of institutional reform. It also became the first time he actively participated in politics. From then on, Frederick I began to let his son take more power.[3]
Reign[edit]
His father had successfully acquired the title of king for the margraves of Brandenburg. On ascending the throne in 1713 (the year before his maternal grandmother’s death and the ascension of his maternal uncle George I of Great Britain to the British throne), the new king sold most of his father's horses, jewels and furniture; he did not intend to treat the treasury as his personal source of revenue the way Frederick I and many of the other German princes had. Throughout his reign, Frederick William was characterized by his frugal, austere and martial lifestyle, as well as his devout Calvinist faith. He practiced rigid management of the treasury, never started a war, and led a simple and austere lifestyle, in contrast to the lavish court his father had presided over. At his death, Prussia had a sound exchequer and a full treasury, in contrast to the other German states.
Image
Portrait of Crown Prince Frederick William as David with a Sling by Anthoni Schoonjans
Frederick William I did much to improve Prussia economically and militarily. He replaced mandatory military service among the middle class with an annual tax, and he established schools and hospitals. The king encouraged farming, reclaimed marshes, stored grain in good times and sold it in bad times. He dictated the manual of Regulations for State Officials, containing 35 chapters and 297 paragraphs in which every public servant in Prussia could find his duties precisely set out: a minister or councillor failing to attend a committee meeting, for example, would lose six months' pay; if he absented himself a second time, he would be discharged from the royal service. In short, Frederick William I concerned himself with every aspect of his relatively small country, ruling an absolute monarchy with great energy and skill.
In 1732, the king invited the Salzburg Protestants to settle in East Prussia, which had been depopulated by plague in 1709. Under the terms of the Peace of Augsburg, the prince-archbishop of Salzburg could require his subjects to practice the Catholic faith, but Protestants had the right to emigrate to a Protestant state. Prussian commissioners accompanied 20,000 Protestants to their new homes on the other side of Germany. Frederick William I personally welcomed the first group of migrants and sang Protestant hymns with them.[4]
Frederick William intervened briefly in the Great Northern War, allied with Peter the Great of Russia, in order to gain a small portion of Swedish Pomerania; this gave Prussia new ports on the Baltic Sea coast. More significantly, aided by his close friend Prince Leopold of Anhalt-Dessau, the "Soldier-King" made considerable reforms to the Prussian army's training, tactics and conscription program—introducing the canton system, and greatly increasing the Prussian infantry's rate of fire through the introduction of the iron ramrod. Frederick William's reforms left his son Frederick with the most formidable army in Europe, which Frederick used to increase Prussia's power. The observation that "the pen is mightier than the sword" has sometimes been attributed to him. (See as well: "Prussian virtues".)
Although a highly effective ruler, Frederick William had a perpetually short temper which sometimes drove him to physically attack servants (or even his own children) with a cane at the slightest perceived provocation. His violent, harsh nature was further exacerbated by his inherited porphyritic disease, which gave him gout, obesity and frequent crippling stomach pains.[5] He also had a notable contempt for France, and would sometimes fly into a rage at the mere mention of that country, although this did not stop him from encouraging the immigration of French Huguenot refugees to Prussia.
Burial and reburials[edit]
Frederick William died in 1740 at age 51 and was interred at the Garrison Church in Potsdam. During World War II, in order to protect it from advancing allied forces, Hitler ordered the king's coffin, as well as those of Frederick the Great and Paul von Hindenburg, into hiding, first to Berlin and later to a salt mine outside of Bernterode. The coffins were later discovered by occupying American forces, who re-interred the bodies in St. Elisabeth's Church in Marburg in 1946. In 1953 the coffin was moved to Burg Hohenzollern, where it remained until 1991, when it was finally laid to rest on the steps of the altar in the Kaiser Friedrich Mausoleum in the Church of Peace on the palace grounds of Sanssouci. The original black marble sarcophagus collapsed at Burg Hohenzollern—the current one is a copper copy.[6]
Relationship with Frederick II[edit]
Image
The sons of Frederick William I and Sophia Dorothea; left to right Frederick, Ferdinand, Augustus William and Henry. Painting by Francesco Carlo Rusca, 1737
His eldest surviving son was Frederick II (Fritz), born in 1712. Frederick William wanted him to become a fine soldier. As a small child, Fritz was awakened each morning by the firing of a cannon. At the age of 6, he was given his own regiment of children [7] to drill as cadets, and a year later, he was given a miniature arsenal.
Image
Portrait of Augustus II of Poland (left) and Frederick William I of Prussia (right), during Frederick William's 1728 visit to Dresden. Painting by Louis de Silvestre, about 1730
The love and affection Frederick William had for his heir initially was soon destroyed due to their increasingly different personalities. Frederick William ordered Fritz to undergo a minimal education, live a simple Protestant lifestyle, and focus on the Army and statesmanship as he had. However, the intellectual Fritz was more interested in music, books and French culture, which were forbidden by his father as decadent and unmanly. As Fritz's defiance for his father's rules increased, Frederick William would frequently beat or humiliate Fritz (he preferred his younger sibling Augustus William). Fritz was beaten for being thrown off a bolting horse and wearing gloves in cold weather. After the prince attempted to flee to England with his tutor, Hans Hermann von Katte, the enraged King had Katte beheaded before the eyes of the prince, who himself was court-martialled.[8] The court declared itself not competent in this case. Whether it was the king's intention to have his son executed as well (as Voltaire claims) is not clear. However, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI intervened, claiming that a prince could only be tried by the Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire itself. Frederick was imprisoned in the Fortress of Küstrin from 2 September to 19 November 1731 and exiled from court until February 1732, during which time he was rigorously schooled in matters of state. After achieving a measure of reconciliation, Frederick William had his son married to Princess Elizabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, whom Frederick despised, but then grudgingly allowed him to indulge in his musical and literary interests again. He also gifted him a stud farm in East Prussia, and Rheinsberg Palace. By the time of Frederick William's death in 1740, he and Frederick were on at least reasonable terms with each other.
Although the relationship between Frederick William and Frederick was clearly hostile, Frederick himself later wrote that his father "penetrated and understood great objectives, and knew the best interests of his country better than any minister or general."
Marriage and family[edit]
Frederick William married his first cousin Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, George II's younger sister (daughter of his uncle, King George I of Great Britain and Sophia Dorothea of Celle) on 28 November 1706. Frederick William was faithful and loving to his wife[9] but they did not have a happy relationship: Sophia Dorothea feared his unpredictable temper and resented him, both for allowing her no influence or independence at court, and for refusing to marry her children to their English cousins. She also abhorred his cruelty towards their son and heir Frederick (with whom she was close), although rather than trying to mend the relationship between father and son she frequently spurred Frederick on in his defiance. They had fourteen children, including:
Issue
NamePortraitLifespanNotes
Frederick Louis
Prince of PrussiaImage23 November 1707-
13 May 1708Died in infancy
Friedrike Wilhelmine
Margravine of Brandenburg-BayreuthImage3 July 1709-
14 October 1758Married Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth and had issue
Frederick William
Prince of PrussiaImage16 August 1710-
21 July 1711Died in infancy
Frederick II the Great
King of PrussiaImage24 January 1712-
17 August 1786King in Prussia (1740–1772); King of Prussia (1772–1786); married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern but had no issue
Charlotte Albertine
Princess of PrussiaImage5 May 1713-
10 June 1714Died in infancy
Frederica Louise
Margravine of Brandenburg-AnsbachImage28 September 1714-
4 February 1784Married Charles William Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and had issue
Philippine Charlotte
Duchess of Brunswick-WolfenbüttelImage13 March 1716-
17 February 1801Married Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and had issue
Louis Charles William
Prince of PrussiaImage2 May 1717-
31 August 1719Died in early childhood
Sophia Dorothea
Margravine of Brandenburg-Schwedt
Princess in PrussiaImage25 January 1719-
13 November 1765Married Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt, Prince in Prussia and had issue
Louisa Ulrika
Queen of SwedenImage24 July 1720-
2 July 1782Married Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden and had issue
Augustus William
Prince of PrussiaImage9 August 1722-
12 June 1758Married Duchess Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and had issue (including Frederick William II)
Anna AmaliaImage9 November 1723-
30 March 1787Became Abbess of Quedlinburg 16 July 1755
Frederick Henry Louis
Prince of PrussiaImage18 January 1726-
3 August 1802Married Princess Wilhelmina of Hesse-Kassel but had no issue
Augustus Ferdinand
Prince of PrussiaImage23 May 1730-
2 May 1813Married Margravine Elisabeth Louise of Brandenburg-Schwedt and had issue
He was the godfather of the Prussian envoy Friedrich Wilhelm von Thulemeyer and of his grand-nephew, Prince Edward Augustus of Great Britain.
Ancestry[edit]
hideAncestors of Frederick William I of Prussia[10]
8. George William, Elector of Brandenburg

4. Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg

9. Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate

2. Frederick I of Prussia

10. Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange

5. Louise Henriette of Orange-Nassau

11. Amalia of Solms-Braunfels

1. Frederick William I of Prussia

12. George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

6. Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover

13. Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt

3. Sophia Charlotte of Hanover

14. Frederick V, Elector Palatine

7. Sophia of the Palatinate

15. Elizabeth Stuart

See also[edit]
Image
König Friedrich Wilhelm I. von Preußen Selbstbildnis
Prussian virtues
References[edit]
^ Taylor, Ronald (1997). Berlin and Its Culture: A Historical Portrait. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. p. 51.
^ Thomas Carlyle: History of Friedrich II of Prussia: Called Frederick the Great, 1870
^ Clark, Christopher (2006). Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947. United Kingdom: Penguin Books. p. 87.
^ Walker, Mack (1992). 4.The Salzburg Transaction: Expulsion and Redemption in Eighteenth-Century Germany. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. 4.ISBN 4.0-8014-2777-0.
^ [Mitford, Nancy "Frederick the Great" (1970) P6]
^ MacDonogh, Giles (2007). After the Reich: The Brutal History of the Allied Occupation. New York: Basic Books. p. 93.
^ Mitford, Nancy (1970). "Frederick the Great" pp.11
^ Farquhar, Michael (2001). A Treasure of Royal Scandals. New York: Penguin Books. p. 114. 8.ISBN 8.0-7394-2025-9.
^ Mitford, Nancy (1970). "Frederick the Great" p.5
^ 10.Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 16.
Further reading[edit]
⦁Dorwart, Reinhold A. The administrative reforms of Frederick William I of Prussia (Harvard University Press, 2013).
⦁Fann, Willerd R. "Peacetime Attrition in the Army of Frederick William I, 1713–1740." Central European History 11.4 (1978): 323–334. ⦁online
⦁Gothelf, Rodney. "Frederick William I and the beginnings of Prussian absolutism, 1713–1740." in The Rise of Prussia 1700–1830 (Routledge, 2014) pp. 47–67.
External links[edit]
ImageWikimedia Commons has media related to Frederick William I of Prussia.
King Frederick William I of Prussia and his “obsession”
Frederick William I of Prussia
House of Hohenzollern
Born: 14 August 1688 Died: 31 March 1740
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Friedrich Wilhelm I, son of Friedrich I, became King of Prussia in 1713, succeeding his father to the throne. Friedrich Wilhelm I ruled until1740, and was succeeded by his son, Friedrich II, known as The Great. In1688, the year in which Friedrich Wilhelm (the Great Elector of Brandenburg-Prussia) died, his grandson was born on August 14 and wasgiven the same name. The future Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia would live up to his name and would succeed in perfecting the institutions created by his grandfather, thus making Prussia a great European power. Further, no other single German leader would have such a profound influence on the shaping of the German national character. Many of the attributes normally associated with the German character (industriousness, thrift, piety, punctuality, a sense of duty, efficiency, practicality) were valuesexemplified by the Soldier King and were institutionalized through thepillars of Prussian power created by the King: the Army and theBureaucracy (das Beamtentum). The father of Friedrich Wilhelm I., Friedrich I, succeeded in acquiring the title of 'King' for the rulers of Brandenburg and had promoted the arts and architecture in Prussia, but at a fearful price. The treasury was nearly empty and, worse still, the army had been neglected, now numbering barely 25,000 men. The young Friedrich Wilhelm was greatly disturbed by this state of affairs and resolved to remedy this situation when he became King. That day came in 1713. According to his father's wishes, he gave the departed King an elaborate funeral. This would be the last extravagance of the new regime, however. He immediately fired most of the palace servants and cut the royal household budget to a minimum. Sometimes, even his own children went to bed hungry in order to save money. At noon, the King would frequently be seen on the streets of Berlin, hoping to encounter citizens who would then feel obliged to invite the King home for dinner, thus saving thecost of a meal to the royal household. Deeply influenced by his Calvinist faith, the King sought to instill these values throughout Prussian society. He stripped the nobility of all power, subjected them to the same taxation as other citizens (unheard of in those days in Europe), and put them to work in government administration and the army, thus making them even more dependent on the crown. In place of their former power, he instilled a sense of pride in the nobility throughemphasizing a highly developed sense of duty, honor, professionalism,competence, and service to the State. Despite its negative connotationtoday, the invention of Bureaucracy by Friedrich Wilhelm I was arevolutionary development in government at the time. Up to that point,the way in which government policy was formed in other European courtswas through bribery, mistresses, court sycophants, and local officialsstealing from the royal treasury in order to create their own fiefdoms.Friedrich Wilhelm I replaced the usual way of doing business withstandard, codified procedures which could be objectively evaluated, andwhich were equally applied to all. Prussia emerged with the mostefficient and non-corrupt government in Europe and Friedrich Wilhelmemerged as one of the first of the 'absolute monarchs' of Europe. But itwas the Army which was the true passion of the Soldier King. From a forcebarely numbering 25,000 men at the time of his ascension to the throne,the Army would number more than 85,000 superbly trained men at the timeof his death. Further, it was led by the most talented officer corps everassembled under one command. Having served with the Prussian Army asCrown Prince during the War of Spanish Succession, Friedrich Wilhelmidentified early on with the Army and sought to develop it into the bestfighting force possible. Though discipline was harsh, even brutal, theKing, nonetheless, cared for the material and spiritual well-being of thesoldiers. Every soldier was given an elementary level of education in anage when education was rare among the common people. Further, allsoldiers were given religious instruction. And the King also provided forthe orphans of soldiers by opening the first military orphanage inPotsdam. The ethos and values of the King were rigidly enforcedthroughout the Army. Though named the 'Soldier King', Friedrich Wilhelmtreasured peace. He only used his cherished army once, during the latterphases of the Great Northern War against Sweden. Under the leadership ofLeopold I. von Anhalt-Dessau, the Prussian Army quickly recapturedStettin and Ruegen. The Swedish King, Karl XII was considered a militarygenius by his contemporaries, but was wounded in the action at Ruegen andbarely escaped capture after his army was defeated. The Swedes proved tobe no match for Friedrich Wilhelm's Prussian Army. Up to this time,armies in Europe were composed primarily of foreign mercenaries.Friedrich Wilhelm established a canton system throughout Prussia and recruited from the local population. Thus, Prussia established one of the first truly national armies. Furthermore, as the King regarded himself as 'the first servant of the State', he always wore his blue army uniform as an outward sign of his service. Likewise, former soldiers were allowed to keep their blue army coats when they left the service and many continued to wear their army coats in civilian life. This established a commonality of purpose and a sense of equality with the King himself. The Army, in a sense, promoted a certain type of democratic feeling in Prussia. For thef irst time, a feeling a patriotism, in the modern sense, emerged in Prussia. The King's passion for the Army sometimes took on bizarreforms. He collected an entire regiment consisting of the very tallest men (die langen Kerls) he could find throughout Europe, regardless of the cost. He personally drilled these men and took great pride in showing them off to other European royalty. However, there was a method to the King's madness. This mania helped to obscure the growing strength of the Prussian Army, thus preventing undue alarm at the Hapsburg court in Vienna. This probably saved Prussia from an attack by Austria. Indeed, the Austrian ambassador in Berlin reported back to Vienna that while the Prussian Army was impressive on parade, he didn't see how this could possibly be relevant on the battlefield. It would be Friedrich Wilhelm's even more famous son, Friedrich II. (The Great) who would teach them the relevance of discipline and professionalism when he seized Silesia from Austria in 1740 and decisively defeated Austria in three subsequent wars over its possession. Friedrich Wilhelm policies also helped to develop the economy of Prussia, particularly in relation to the needs of the Army. Much of Germany's future industrial strength developed in thistime: Chemicals (gunpowder), textiles (to make army uniforms), foundries (to cast gun barrels for artillery). In addition, he invited persecuted Protestants from Austrian Salzburg to move to Prussia, exactly as his grandfather had done for the French Protestants, and resettled them inEast Prussia. Additionally, at the end of Friedrich Wilhelm's reign, his treasury boasted a healthy surplus of over 30 Million Talers (The Prussian monetary unit from which the word 'dollar' is derived). When Prussia assumed the leadership of Germany in 1871, the Prussian modelcreated by Friedrich Wilhelm I. for the Army and the bureaucracy was transferred to all the other German states. Their institutions were reformed, based on this Prussian model. The Prussian ethos filtered from these institutions down to the rest of society and were adopted, in large part, by the middle and working classes. This ethic is still evident tothis day throughout Germany, and remains the guiding ethic of the'Beamtentum' and the Bundeswehr. The King died at the relatively youngage of 52 in 1740. Today, the Soldier King's final resting place can bevisited at the Friedenskirche, near the entrance of Park Sanssouci inPotsdam. Friedrich Wilhelm I. of Prussia was truly the most 'german' of all Germans.

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Vorfahren (und Nachkommen) von Frederick William I of Prussia


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Geburtstag 14. August 1688

  • Stadhouder Prins Willem III (Huis van Oranje) war von 1672 bis 1702 Fürst der Niederlande (auch Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden genannt)
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    • 6. September » Kaiserliche Truppen mit dem bayerischen Kurfürsten Maximilian II. Emanuel an der Spitze erobern das in osmanischer Hand befindliche Belgrad. Sie können die Stadt zwei Jahre halten.
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Hochzeit 28. November 1706

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    • 18. Februar » An der Grand Opéra Paris erfolgt die Uraufführung der Oper Alcione von Marin Marais.
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    • 6. Juli » Uraufführung der Oper Endimione von Giovanni Bononcini im Palazzo di Belfonte bei Wien.
    • 30. August » Während der Schlacht bei Turin zündet der Soldat Pietro Micca in einem Minengang mangels längerer Zündschnur ein Schießpulverfass selbst. Er verhindert damit erfolgreich das Eindringen französischer Feinde in die Festung der Stadt, stirbt jedoch bei der Explosion.
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Sterbedatum 31. Mai 1740

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    • 5. Februar » Der im Oktober zuvor mit Truppen in die Republik San Marino eingefallene päpstliche Legat Giulio Alberoni muss das Land auf Befehl von Papst Clemens XII. wieder räumen.
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    • 1. August » Das Lied Rule, Britannia! wird erstmals auf dem Landsitz des Prince of Wales, Friedrich Ludwig von Hannover, aufgeführt.
    • 17. August » Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini wird nach sechsmonatiger Sedisvakanz als Nachfolger von Clemens XII. zum Papst gewählt und nimmt den Namen Benedikt XIV. an.
    • 16. Dezember » Der preußische König Friedrich der Große lässt das zu Österreich gehörende Schlesien besetzen. In der Folge beginnen die Schlesischen Kriege als Teil des Österreichischen Erbfolgekrieges.


Gleicher Geburts-/Todestag

Quelle: Wikipedia

Quelle: Wikipedia


Über den Familiennamen Prussia

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Die Genealogie Wylie-Veröffentlichung wurde von erstellt.nimm Kontakt auf
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Kin Mapper, "Genealogie Wylie", Datenbank, Genealogie Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/genealogie-wylie/I364338.php : abgerufen 21. Mai 2024), "Frederick William I of Prussia (1688-1740)".