Er ist verheiratet mit Maria Theresa of Austria-Este.
Sie haben geheiratet am 25. April 1789 in Turin, Sardinia, er war 29 Jahre alt.Quelle 1
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Victor Emmanuel I
Posthumous portrait by Tommaso Lorenzone
King of Sardinia and Duke of Savoy
Reign4 June 1802 – 12 March 1821
PredecessorCharles Emmanuel IV
SuccessorCharles Felix
Born24 July 1759
Royal Palace of Turin, Turin, Kingdom of Sardinia
Died10 January 1824 (aged 64)
Castle of Moncalieri, Turin, Kingdom of Sardinia
BurialBasilica of Superga, Turin
ConsortMaria Teresa of Austria-Este
Issue
among others...Maria Beatrice, Duchess of Modena
Maria Teresa, Duchess of Parma
Maria Anna, Empress of Austria
Maria Christina, Queen of the Two Sicilies
Names
Vittorio Emanuele di Savoia
HouseHouse of Savoy
FatherVictor Amadeus III of Sardinia
MotherMaria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain
ReligionRoman Catholicism
Victor Emmanuel I (Italian: Vittorio Emanuele; 24 July 1759 – 10 January 1824) was the Duke of Savoy, King of Sardinia and ruler of the Savoyard states from 4 June 1802 until his reign ended in 1821 upon abdication due to a liberal revolution. Shortly thereafter, his brother Charles Felix ascended the throne as the new King of Sardinia. Victor Emmanuel was the son of King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and his wife, Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain. In 1789, he married Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, with whom he had seven children, including the future Empress of Austria.
Biography
Victor Emmanuel was born on 24 July 1754 at the Royal Palace of Turin in Turin, Italy. He was the second son of King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia, son of King Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia and Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg, and his wife, Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain, daughter of King Philip V of Spain and Elisabeth Farnese.
Victor Emmanuel was known from birth as the Duke of Aosta. From 1792 to 1796, Victor Emmanuel’s father had taken an active part in the struggle of the old powers against the revolutionary forces in France but was defeated and forced to make peace, signing the Treaty of Paris. The old king died shortly thereafter, and in December 1798, his eldest son and successor, Charles Emmanuel IV, was faced with a French occupation and eventually annexation, of his mainland territories.
Portrait of Victor Emmanuel I (by Luigi Bernero, c. 1802–21)
Charles Emmanuel and his family were forced to withdraw to Sardinia, which was the only part of his domains not conquered by the French. Charles Emmanuel himself took little interest in the rule of Sardinia, living with his wife on the mainland in Naples and Rome until his wife's death in 1802, which led the childless Charles Emmanuel to abdicate the throne in favour of his younger brother.
Victor Emmanuel took the throne on 4 June 1802 as Victor Emmanuel I. He ruled Sardinia from Cagliari for the next twelve years, during which time he constituted the Carabinieri, a Gendarmerie corps, still existing as one of the main branches of the military of Italy.
Victor Emmanuel could return to Turin only in 1814, his realm reconstituted by the Congress of Vienna, with the addition of the territories of the former Republic of Genoa. The latter became the seat of the Sardinian Navy. Victor Emmanuel abolished all the freedoms granted by the Napoleonic Codices and restored a fiercely oppressive rule: he restored the Regie Costituzioni of Victor Amadeus II and the Jus commune, strengthened customs barriers, refused to grant a liberal constitution, entrusted education to the Church and reintroduced laws concerning labour and the justice system which discriminated against Jews and Waldensians.
Sardinian coins minted during Victor Emmanuel I’s reign, c. 1814
He nurtured expansionist ambitions in Lombardy, where nationalist anti-Austrian sentiments had developed, promoted largely by the bourgeoisie. This led to conflict with Austria. In March 1821, a liberal revolution exploded in Italy, largely the work of the Carbonari and it seemed that the anti-Austrian attitude of the revolutionaries matched that of Victor Emmanuel.
However, Victor Emmanuel was not willing to grant a liberal constitution as desired by the revolutionaries, so he abdicated in favor of his brother, Charles Felix, on 13 March 1821. Because Charles Felix was in Modena at the time, Victor Emmanuel temporarily entrusted the regency to Charles Albert, who was second in line to the throne.
Thereafter Victor Emmanuel lived in a number of cities until 1824, when he returned to the Castle of Moncalieri, where he died. He is buried in the Basilica of Superga.
Family and children
Portrait of Victor Emmanuel I with his family, c. 1813–14
On 21 April 1789, he married Archduchess Maria Teresa of Austria-Este, daughter of Ferdinand, Duke of Modena (who was the son of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor).
They had six daughters and one son who died very young:
Maria Beatrice Victoria Josepha of Savoy (6 December 1792 – 15 September 1840); married her uncle Francis IV, Archduke of Austria and Duke of Modena.
Maria Adelaide Clothilde Xaveria Borbonia of Savoy (1 October 1794 – 2 August 1795); died in infancy.
Charles Emanuel (3 September 1796 – 9 August 1799); died of smallpox.
A daughter (13 November 1800 – 10 January 1801)
Maria Teresa Fernanda Felicitas Gaetana Pia of Savoy (19 September 1803 – 16 July 1879); married Charles II, Duke of Parma (1799–1883).
Maria Anna Ricciarda Carlotta Margherita Pia of Savoy (19 September 1803 – 4 May 1884); married Ferdinand I of Austria.
Maria Cristina Carlotta Giuseppina Gaetana Elise of Savoy (14 November 1812 – 21 January 1836); married Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies.
As a descendant of Henrietta of England he carried the Jacobite claim to the thrones of England and Scotland.
Ancestry
Ancestors of Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia[1]
16. Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy
8. Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
17. Princess Marie Jeanne Baptiste of Savoy-Nemours
4. Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia
18. Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
9. Anne Marie d'Orléans
19. Henrietta of England
2. Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia
20. William, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg
10. Ernest Leopold, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg
21. Maria Anna of Lowenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort
5. Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg
22. Maximilian Karl Albert, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort
11. Princess Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort
23. Countess Polyxena Maria Khuen von Lichtenberg und Belasi
1. Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
24. Louis XIV of France
12. Louis, Dauphin of France
25. Maria Theresa of Austria
6. Philip V of Spain
26. Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria
13. Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria
27. Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy
3. Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain
28. Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma
14. Odoardo Farnese, Hereditary Prince of Parma
29. Isabella d'Este
7. Elisabeth Farnese
30. Philip William, Elector Palatine
15. Countess Palatine Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg
31. Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
See also
Napoleonic Wars
References
Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 26.
Further reading
Segre, A. (1928). Vittorio Emanuele I. Turin.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia.
"Victor Emmanuel I." . Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.
Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
House of Savoy
Born: 24 July 1759 Died: 10 January 1824
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Charles Emmanuel IV
King of Sardinia
1802–1821Succeeded by
Charles Felix
Titles in pretence
Preceded by
Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia
— TITULAR —
King of England, Scotland and Ireland
1819–1824Succeeded by
Maria Beatrice of Savoy
vte
Dukes of Aosta
vte
Kings of Sardinia
vte
Princes of Savoy
Authority control Edit this at Wikidata
Categories https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_I_of_Sardinia : 1759 births1824 deaths19th-century kings of SardiniaNobility from TurinDukes of AostaMonarchs who abdicatedClaimant kings of JerusalemJacobite pretenders18th-century Italian peopleBurials at the Basilica of SupergaPrinces of SavoyGrand Masters of the Gold Medal of Military Valor
This page was last edited on 20 June 2023, at 17:41 (UTC).
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Date of Import: Aug 2, 2004