Genealogie Wylie » Gustav IV Adolf King of (Gustav IV Adolf, King of) Sweden (1778-1837)

Persönliche Daten Gustav IV Adolf King of (Gustav IV Adolf, King of) Sweden 


Familie von Gustav IV Adolf King of (Gustav IV Adolf, King of) Sweden

Er hat eine Beziehung mit Frederica of Baden.


Kind(er):

  1. Sophie of Sweden  1801-1865 


Notizen bei Gustav IV Adolf King of (Gustav IV Adolf, King of) Sweden

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_IV_Adolf

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Early life
Politics
Loss of Finland
Coup d'état and abdication
Arms
Ancestry
Family
See also
Notes
References
External links
Gustav IV Adolf
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Gustav IV Adolf

Portrait by Per Krafft the Younger, 1809
King of Sweden
Reign29 March 1792 – 29 March 1809
Coronation3 April 1800
PredecessorGustav III
SuccessorCharles XIII
RegentCharles, Duke of Södermanland (1792–1796)
Born1 November 1778
Stockholm Palace, Kingdom of Sweden
Died7 February 1837 (aged 58)
St. Gallen, Swiss Confederacy
Burial29 May 1884
Riddarholm Church, Sweden-Norway
SpouseFrederica of Baden
​
​(m. 1797; div. 1812)​
Issue
Gustav, Prince of Vasa
Sophie, Grand Duchess of Baden
Princess Amalia
Cecilia, Grand Duchess of Oldenburg
HouseHolstein-Gottorp
FatherGustav III of Sweden
MotherSophia Magdalena of Denmark
ReligionLutheran
Swedish royalty
House of Holstein-Gottorp

Adolf Frederick
Children
Gustav III
Charles XIII
Prince Frederick Adolf, Duke of Östergötland
Princess Sophia Albertina
Gustav III
Children
Gustav IV Adolf
Prince Carl Gustav, Duke of Småland
Gustav IV Adolf
Children
Crown Prince Gustav, Prince of Vasa
Sophie, Grand Duchess of Baden
Prince Carl Gustaf, Duke of Småland
Princess Amalia
Cecilia, Grand Duchess of Oldenburg
Grandchildren:
Prince Louis
Carola, Queen of Saxony
Charles XIII
Children
Princess Louise Hedvig
Prince Carl Adolf, Duke of Värmland
vte
Gustav IV Adolf or Gustav IV Adolph[1] (1 November 1778 – 7 February 1837) was King of Sweden from 1792 until he was deposed in a coup in 1809. He was also the last Swedish monarch to be the ruler of Finland.

The occupation of Finland in 1808–09 by Russian forces was the immediate cause of Gustav's violent overthrow by officers of his own army. Following his abdication on 29 March 1809, an Instrument of Government was hastily written, which severely circumscribed the powers of the monarchy. The "Instrument" was adopted in 1809 on 6 June, the National Day of Sweden now as well as in his time. It remained in force until replaced in 1974. The crown, now with strictly limited powers, passed to Gustav's uncle Charles XIII, who had no legitimate children; this want of heirs set into motion the quest for a successor, who was found the following year in the person of Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, the first monarch of the present royal family.[2]

Early life

Gustav Adolf at the age of seven
Gustav Adolf was born in Stockholm. He was the son of Gustav III of Sweden by his wife queen Sophia Magdalena. His mother, Sophia Magdalena, was eldest daughter of Frederick V of Denmark and his first wife Louise of Great Britain.

Gustav Adolf was under the tutelage of Hedvig Sofia von Rosen and her deputies Brita Ebba Celestina von Stauden and Maria Aurora Uggla until the age of four. He was then raised under the tutelage of his father and the liberal-minded Nils von Rosenstein. Upon Gustav III's assassination in March 1792, Gustav Adolf succeeded to the throne at the age of 13, under the regency of his uncle, Prince Charles, Duke of Södermanland, who was later to become King Charles XIII of Sweden when his nephew was forced to abdicate and was banished from the country in 1809.

In August 1796, his uncle the regent arranged for the young king to visit Saint Petersburg. The intention was to arrange a marriage between the young king and Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna, a granddaughter of Catherine the Great. However, the whole arrangement foundered on Gustav's unwavering refusal to allow his intended bride liberty of worship according to the rites of the Russian Orthodox Church. Nobody seems to have suspected the possibility at the time that emotional problems might lie at the root of Gustav's abnormal piety. On the contrary, when he came of age that year, thereby ending the regency, there were many who prematurely congratulated themselves on the fact that Sweden had now no disturbing genius, but an economical, God-fearing, commonplace monarch.[3]

Politics
Gustav Adolf's prompt dismissal of the generally detested Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm, the duke-regent's leading advisor, added still further to his popularity. On 31 October 1797 Gustav married Friederike Dorothea, granddaughter of Karl Friedrich, Margrave of Baden, a marriage which seemed to threaten war with Russia but for the fanatical hatred of the French republic shared by the Emperor Paul of Russia and Gustav IV Adolf, which served as a bond between them. Indeed, the king's horror of Jacobinism was intense, and drove him to become increasingly committed to the survival of Europe, to the point where he postponed his coronation for some years, so as to avoid calling together a diet. Nonetheless, the disorder of the state finances, largely inherited from Gustav III's war against Russia, as well as widespread crop failures in 1798 and 1799, compelled him to summon the estates to Norrköping in March 1800 and on 3 April the same year.[3] When the king encountered serious opposition at the Riksdag, he resolved never to call another.

Loss of Finland
Main article: Finnish War
His reign was ill-fated and was to end abruptly. In 1805, he joined the Third Coalition against Napoleon. His campaign went poorly and the French occupied Swedish Pomerania. When his ally, Russia, made peace and concluded an alliance with France at Tilsit in 1807, Sweden and Portugal were left as Great Britain's only allies on the European continent. On 21 February 1808, Russia invaded Finland, which was ruled by Sweden, on the pretext of compelling Sweden to join Napoleon's Continental System. Denmark likewise declared war on Sweden.[citation needed] In just a few months, almost all of Finland was lost to Russia. As a result of the war, on 17 September 1809, in the Treaty of Fredrikshamn, Sweden surrendered the eastern third of Sweden to Russia. Following which the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland was established within Imperial Russia.

Coup d'état and abdication

Gustav IV Adolf's arrest
Gustav Adolf's inept and erratic leadership[citation needed] in diplomacy and war precipitated his deposition through a conspiracy of army officers.

On 7 March 1809, lieutenant-colonel Georg Adlersparre, commander of a part of the so-called western army stationed in Värmland, triggered the Coup of 1809 by raising the flag of rebellion in Karlstad and starting to march upon Stockholm. To prevent the king from joining loyal troops in Scania, on 13 March 1809 seven of the conspirators led by Carl Johan Adlercreutz broke into the royal apartments in the palace, seized the king, and imprisoned him and his family in Gripsholm castle; the king's uncle, Duke Charles (Karl), was thereupon persuaded to accept the leadership of a provisional government, which was proclaimed the same day; and a diet, hastily summoned, solemnly approved of the revolution.[3]

On 29 March Gustav IV Adolf, to save the crown for his son, voluntarily abdicated; but on 10 May the Riksdag of the Estates, dominated by the army, declared that not merely Gustav but his whole family had forfeited the throne,[3] perhaps an excuse to exclude his family from succession based on the rumours of his illegitimacy. A more likely cause, however, is that the revolutionaries feared that Gustav's son, if he inherited the throne, would avenge his father's deposition when he came of age. On 5 June, Gustav's uncle was proclaimed King Charles XIII, after accepting a new liberal constitution, which was ratified by the diet the next day. In December, Gustav and his family were transported to Germany. In 1812, he divorced his wife.

In exile Gustav used several titles, including Count Gottorp and Duke of Holstein-Eutin, and finally settled at St. Gallen in Switzerland where he lived in a small hotel in great loneliness and indigence,[3] under the name of Colonel Gustafsson. It was there that he suffered a stroke and died. He was buried in Moravia. At the suggestion of King Oscar II of Sweden his body was finally brought to Sweden and interred in Riddarholm Church.

Arms

Coat of Arms of King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
Ancestry

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Ancestors of Gustav IV Adolf
8. Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin
4. Adolf Frederick of Sweden
9. Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach
2. Gustav III of Sweden
10. Frederick William I of Prussia
5. Louisa Ulrika of Prussia
11. Sophia Dorothea of Hanover
1. Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
12. Christian VI of Denmark
6. Frederick V of Denmark
13. Sophia Magdalen of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
3. Sophia Magdalena of Denmark
14. George II of Great Britain
7. Louise of Great Britain
15. Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach
Family

Gustav Adolph's and Frederica's coronation medal of 1800

Walking with his wife Queen Frederica
In 1797 he married Frederica Dorothea Wilhelmina of Baden, with whom he had five children:

Crown Prince Gustav, after 1809 known as Gustaf Gustafsson, Prince of Vasa (9 November 1799 - 1877). He served as an officer in the service of the Habsburgs of Austria, and with his wife Princess Louise Amelie of Baden, fathered a son who died in infancy, and a daughter, Carola, the wife of King Albert of Saxony. She died childless.
Princess Sofia Wilhelmina (21 May 1801 - 1865). She married Grand Duke Leopold of Baden, and their granddaughter Victoria of Baden married the Bernadotte king Gustaf V of Sweden. (The present King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden is thus Gustav IV's heir.)
Prince Carl Gustaf, Grand Duke of Finland, Duke of Småland (2 December 1802 - 10 September 1805)
Princess Amalia (22 February 1805 - 31 August 1853); unmarried and without issue
Princess Cecilia (22 June 1807 - 1844); married Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg, and had issue.
By 1812, Gustav Adolf divorced his consort, and following this he had several mistresses, among them Maria Schlegel, who gave him a son, Adolf Gustafsson.

See also
Gustavian era
Notes
David Williamson in Debrett's Kings and Queens of Europe ISBN 0-86350-194-X pp. 125, 134, 194, 207
Cronholm, Neander N. (1902). A History of Sweden from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. ch 37 pp. 203–219
Bain 1911.
References
H. Arnold Barton, Scandinavia in the Revolutionary Era, 1760–1815, 1986, ISBN 0-8166-1392-3.
Sten Carlsson, Gustaf IV Adolf, 1946.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). "Gustavus IV.". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 738.
External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gustav IV Adolf av Sverige.
"Gustavus IV. Adolphus" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
"Gustavus IV., Adolphus" . The American Cyclopædia. 1879.
Gustav IV Adolf
House of Holstein-Gottorp
Cadet branch of the House of Oldenburg
Born: 1 November 1778 Died: 7 February 1837
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Gustav III
King of Sweden
1792–1809Vacant
Title next held by
Charles XIII
vte
Monarchs of Sweden
vte
Swedish princes
vte
Heirs to the throne of the Sweden
vte
Napoleonic Wars
======================================================
Categories live links at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_IV_Adolf :
1778 births
1837 deaths
18th-century Swedish monarchs
19th-century Swedish monarchs
Monarchs who abdicatedPeople from Stockholm
Crown Princes of SwedenHouse of Holstein-Gottorp
Modern child monarchsSwedish monarchs of German descent
Burials at Riddarholmen Church
Sons of kingsRoyal reburials
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1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Gustavus IV.
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Gustavus III.
1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 12
Gustavus IV. by Robert Nisbet Bain
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See also Gustav IV Adolf on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.

GUSTAVUS IV. (1778–1837), king of Sweden, the son of Gustavus III. and Queen Sophia Magdalena, was born at Stockholm on the 1st of November 1778. Carefully educated under the direction of Nils von Rosenstein, he grew up serious and conscientious. In August 1796 his uncle the regent Charles, duke of Sudermania, visited St Petersburg for the purpose of arranging a marriage between the young king and Catherine II.’s granddaughter, the grand-duchess Alexandra. The betrothal was actually fixed for the 22nd of September, when the whole arrangement foundered on the obstinate refusal of Gustavus to allow his destined bride liberty of worship according to the rites of the Greek Orthodox Church—a rebuff which undoubtedly accelerated the death of the Russian empress. Nobody seems to have even suspected at the time that serious mental derangement lay at the root of Gustavus’s abnormal piety. On the contrary, there were many who prematurely congratulated themselves on the fact that Sweden had now no disturbing genius, but an economical, God-fearing, commonplace monarch to deal with. Gustavus’s prompt dismissal of the generally detested Gustaf Reuterholm added still further to his popularity. On the 31st of October 1797 Gustavus married Frederica Dorothea, daughter of Charles Frederick, grand-duke of Baden, a marriage which might have led to a war with Russia but for the fanatical hatred of the French republic shared by the emperor Paul and Gustavus IV., which served as a bond of union between them. Indeed the king’s horror of Jacobinism was morbid in its intensity, and drove him to adopt all sorts of reactionary measures and to postpone his coronation for some years, so as to avoid calling together a diet; but the disorder of the finances, caused partly by the continental war and partly by the almost total failure of the crops in 1798 and 1799, compelled him to summon the estates to Norrköping in March 1800, and on the 3rd of April Gustavus was crowned. The notable change which now took place in Sweden’s foreign policy and its fatal consequences to the country are elsewhere set forth (see Sweden, History). By the end of 1808 it was obvious to every thinking Swede that the king was insane. His violence had alienated his most faithful supporters, while his obstinate incompetence paralysed the national efforts. To remove a madman by force was the one remaining expedient; and this was successfully accomplished by a conspiracy of officers of the western army, headed by Adlersparre, the Anckarsvärds, and Adlercreutz, who marched rapidly from Skåne to Stockholm. On the 13th of March 1809 seven of the conspirators broke into the royal apartments in the palace unannounced, seized the king, and conducted him to the château of Gripsholm; Duke Charles was easily persuaded to accept the leadership of a provisional government, which was proclaimed the same day; and a diet, hastily summoned, solemnly approved of the revolution. On the 29th of March Gustavus, in order to save the crown for his son, voluntarily abdicated; but on the 10th of May the estates, dominated by the army, declared that not merely Gustavus but his whole family had forfeited the throne. On the 5th of June the duke regent was proclaimed king under the title of Charles XIII., after accepting the new liberal constitution, which was ratified by the diet the same day. In December Gustavus and his family were transported to Germany. Gustavus now assumed the title of count of Gottorp, but subsequently called himself Colonel Gustafsson, under which pseudonym he wrote most of his works. He led, separated from his family, an erratic life for some years; was divorced from his consort in 1812; and finally settled at St Gall in Switzerland in great loneliness and indigence. He died on the 7th of February 1837, and, at the suggestion of King Oscar II. his body was brought to Sweden and interred in the Riddarholmskyrka. From him descend both the Baden and the Oldenburg princely houses on the female side.

See H. G. Trolle-Wachtmeister, Anteckningar och minnen (Stockholm, 1889); B. von Beskow, Lefnadsminnen (Stockholm, 1870); K. V. Key-Åberg, De diplomatiska förbindelserna mellan Sverige och Storbrittannien under Gustaf IV.’s Krig emot Napoléon (Upsala, 1890); Colonel Gustafsson, La Journée du treize mars, &c. (St Gall, 1835); Memorial des Obersten Gustafsson (Leipzig, 1829). (R. N. B.) 

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Geburtstag 1. November 1778

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Sterbedatum 7. Februar 1837

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    De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
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Tag der Beerdigung 29. Mai 1884

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