Genealogie Van Zanen » James II "King James ll of Scotland" Stewart King of Scots (1430-1460)

Persönliche Daten James II "King James ll of Scotland" Stewart King of Scots 

• Spitzname ist King James ll of Scotland.
• Er wurde geboren am 16. Oktober 1430Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh, Scotland.
• Er wurde getauft in Of, Lorn, Argyllshire, Scotland, 1st Earl of Buchan.
• Alternative: Er wurde getauft in Of, Lorn, Argyllshire, Scotland, 1st Earl of Buchan.
• Alternative: Er wurde getauft in Of, Lorn, Argyllshire, Scotland, 1st Earl of Buchan.
• Er ist verstorben am 3. August 1460 in Roxburgh Castle, Kelso, Roxburghshire, Scotland, er war 29 Jahre alt.
• Er wurde beerdigt im Jahr 1460 in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
• Diese Information wurde zuletzt aktualisiert am 17. April 2014.

Familie von James II "King James ll of Scotland" Stewart King of Scots

(2) Er ist verheiratet mit Maria van Egmond.

Sie haben geheiratet am 3. Juli 1449 in Holyrood Abbey, er war 18 Jahre altEdinburgh, Scotland.

Kind(er):

1. Child Stewart  1450-1450
2. Margaret Stewart  1450-1512 
3. James III Stewart  1451-1488 
4. Mary Stewart  1452-1488 
5. Alexander Stewart  ± 1454-1485 
6. David Stewart  ± 1455-1457
7. John Stewart  ± 1456-1479
8. Margaret Cecilia Stewart  1459-1488 
9. Elizabeth Stewart  

Notizen bei James II "King James ll of Scotland" Stewart King of Scots

He was a twin.

James II (known as Fiery Face because of a large birthmark) was only six years old when he was crowned in Holyrood Abbey. This ended a tradition that all kings since Kenneth MacAlpin were crowned at Scone. During his minority, he was brought up in Edinburgh Castle. He reinstated Edinburgh as the capital of Scotland and it has not been challenged since. Scotland during his minority was ruled by two rivals, Chrichton and Livingstone. The 5th Earl of Douglas was appointed Lieutenant General of the kingdom. James was a pawn and a prisoner in the hands of the competing Scots lords, all of whom wished to rule through him. After two years Lord Chancellor Crichton refused to let anyone see him. Queen Joan made plans to move him. She took her leave from the castle, tearfully requesting Crichton to look after the boy. Unknown to Crichton she had packed James into a chest and smuggled him out of the castle.
He was taken to Stirling to Lord Livingstone. Before long Livingstone used James in he same manner. So Queen Joan stole James back and went back to Crichton. Livingstone followed with his forces and civil war became imminent. The two sides were reconciled by the bishops who encouraged them both to make war against the Douglases. Lt. Governor Earl of Douglas had died leaving two sons. They were believed to be enemies to the throne. Crichton (the keeper of Edinburgh castle) and Livingstone (the keeper of Stirling Castle) murdered the 6th Earl of Douglas (a great-grandson of Robert III) and his brother at the Great Hall of Edinburgh where they had been invited to banquet. James was charmed by them but at the feast they were murdered in the presence of James II and two younger brothers. The head of a black bull was carried to the table. Under Scottish custom, this presaged death of the principal guest. James begged for the lives of the two young men to be spared but they were beheaded. This was called the Black Dinner of 1440. They had feared a Douglas coup. Some years later when James came of age, he decided to reestablish control over the nobles as Scotland had again become racked by lawlessness, plague and famine since James I's death. He wanted to make an example of troublemakers. He at once executed two of the Livingstone leaders. James himself in a fit of rage stabbed William, the 8th Earl of Douglas, one of the most powerful nobles in the land when the Earl would not denounce the 4th Earl of Crawford (the Tiger Earl) and the Earl of Ross (4th Lord of the Isles). He defeated the Douglases at Arkinholm. Two of the Douglas brothers were slain and Douglas fled to England. The great house of Black Douglas had fallen and this was a turning point in the fortunes of the Scottish Crown. James did bring order to his kingdom and was able to govern in peace. James married Mary of Gelders, a kinswoman. He acquired some of the guns the Low Countries were famous for, possibly the Mons Meg. An act of 1456 authorized the King to request certain great barons each to provide a cart of war carrying two double-barreled guns and to train gunners. He got some artillery with his bride, Mary, whose dower house, Ravenscraig, was the first castle in Scotland with a gun platform. Although he was always busy with his wars, his reign was marked by some important social legislation. An act of 1450 guaranteed the position of a tenant whose land passed to another lord. James II was killed at the siege of Roxburgh Castle when a cannon he was supervising exploded. He was trying to retrieve Roxburgh and Berwick Castles from the English and had raised an army for that purpose. Cannons were introduced in battle for the first time and he was proud of them and was standing too close when one exploded.

James II (known as Fiery Face because of a large birthmark) was only six years old when he was crowned in Holyrood Abbey. This ended a tradition that all kings since Kenneth MacAlpin were crowned at Scone. During his minority, he was brought up in Edinburgh Castle. He reinstated Edinburgh as the capital of Scotland and it has not been challenged since. Scotland during his minority was ruled by two rivals, Chrichton and Livingstone. The 5th Earl of Douglas was appointed Lieutenant General of the kingdom. James was a pawn and a prisoner in the hands of the competing Scots lords, all of whom wished to rule through him. After two years Lord Chancellor Crichton refused to let anyone see him. Queen Joan made plans to move him. She took her leave from the castle, tearfully requesting Crichton to look after the boy. Unknown to Crichton she had packed James into a chest and smuggled him out of the castle.
He was taken to Stirling to Lord Livingstone. Before long Livingstone used James in he same manner. So Queen Joan stole James back and went back to Crichton. Livingstone followed with his forces and civil war became imminent. The two sides were reconciled by the bishops who encouraged them both to make war against the Douglases. Lt. Governor Earl of Douglas had died leaving two sons. They were believed to be enemies to the throne. Crichton (the keeper of Edinburgh castle) and Livingstone (the keeper of Stirling Castle) murdered the 6th Earl of Douglas (a great-grandson of Robert III) and his brother at the Great Hall of Edinburgh where they had been invited to banquet. James was charmed by them but at the feast they were murdered in the presence of James II and two younger brothers. The head of a black bull was carried to the table. Under Scottish custom, this presaged death of the principal guest. James begged for the lives of the two young men to be spared but they were beheaded. This was called the Black Dinner of 1440. They had feared a Douglas coup. Some years later when James came of age, he decided to reestablish control over the nobles as Scotland had again become racked by lawlessness, plague and famine since James I's death. He wanted to make an example of troublemakers. He at once executed two of the Livingstone leaders. James himself in a fit of rage stabbed William, the 8th Earl of Douglas, one of the most powerful nobles in the land when the Earl would not denounce the 4th Earl of Crawford (the Tiger Earl) and the Earl of Ross (4th Lord of the Isles). He defeated the Douglases at Arkinholm. Two of the Douglas brothers were slain and Douglas fled to England. The great house of Black Douglas had fallen and this was a turning point in the fortunes of the Scottish Crown. James did bring order to his kingdom and was able to govern in peace. James married Mary of Gelders, a kinswoman. He acquired some of the guns the Low Countries were famous for, possibly the Mons Meg. An act of 1456 authorized the King to request certain great barons each to provide a cart of war carrying two double-barreled guns and to train gunners. He got some artillery with his bride, Mary, whose dower house, Ravenscraig, was the first castle in Scotland with a gun platform. Although he was always busy with his wars, his reign was marked by some important social legislation. An act of 1450 guaranteed the position of a tenant whose land passed to another lord. James II was killed at the siege of Roxburgh Castle when a cannon he was supervising exploded. He was trying to retrieve Roxburgh and Berwick Castles from the English and had raised an army for that purpose. Cannons were introduced in battle for the first time and he was proud of them and was standing too close when one exploded.

James ii of Scotland

JAMES II, KING OF SCOTS (1430-60)
James II acceded to the throne at the age of six, and it seemed as if most of his father's restoration of a strong, central authority was lost during the struggles of various Scottish nobles to assert their own authority over the new king.

When James reached the age of 19, it was time for him to take command and try to restore royal authority. Part of his troubles with the Scottish nobles was erased when young Douglas (who had formed alliances with other Scottish lords) was killed by a dagger-wielding friend of the king himself (some sources give the king as the assassin). James then routed all those in Scotland in opposition to his reign. South of the border, the English nation was having its own troubles in the Wars of the Roses. Scotland enjoyed a period of peace, but the foolhardy decision of James to intervene in the English civil wars shattered everything.

When a canon prematurely exploded at the siege of Roxburgh Castle, James lost his life and Scotland lost another chance to settle down and mature politically and economically (it had already begun its intellectual transformation with the founding of its three great universities). Intrigue and counter intrigue then became the order of the day.

James II reigned from 1437-1460. His father, James I, fell victim to
conspiracy and James II, age 6, became King, 1437-1460. James II was killed
in an Artillery demonstration, hit by "a piece of mis-framed gun that brak in
the shooting", leaving a young James III under regency of Mary Guildres, then
Bishop James Kennedy, and finally unscrululous Lord Boyd of Kilmarnock, high
justican, after whom James III assumed control in 1469 when Lord Boyd died.

James II of Scotland
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

James II of Scotland (October 16, 1430 – August 3, 1460) was king of Scotland from 1437 to 1460.

James was son of James I of Scotland and Joan Beaufort, daughter of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset and Margaret Holland. He had an elder twin, Alexander Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, who lived long enough to be knighted, but died in infancy. He was later father of James III. He was known as "Fiery face" because of a conspicuous vermilion birthmark on his face. He also had six sisters, who were married into the royal dynasties of Europe.

Contents [hide]
1 Child King
2 Struggles with the Douglases
3 Effective ruler
4 Marriage and children

[edit]
Child King
Inheriting the throne at under seven years old, most of James' reign saw the government in the hands of others. James I's death had been an attempt to usurp power by Walter Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl, but it failed miserably and Atholl and his allies were captured and executed in the months after the assassination.

The government was led (1437-1439) by Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Douglas, as lieutenant-general of the realm. After his death, and with a general lack of high status earls in Scotland because of death, forfeiture or their young age, power was shared uneasily between William, 1st lord Crichton, Lord Chancellor of Scotland, sometimes in cooperation with James 'the gross' Douglas, Earl of Buchan, and Sir Alexander Livingston of Callendar, who had possession of the young king in his stronghold of Stirling Castle.

In 1440 Stirling was also the location for the 'Black Dinner' where the young William Douglas, 6th Earl of Douglas and his brother were summarily executed. The blame has tended to be put at the feet of Crichton, Livingston and particularly Buchan, as Douglas's death brought him the earldom of Douglas (as 7th earl of Douglas), and the position as the most powerful magnate in Scotland.

The precise details of who ran the government year by year between 1439 and 1445 are complex and far from certain, but in 1445 the Livingstons cooperated with William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas, son of the recently deceased 7th Earl, to throw Crichton from power. Douglas now took on the lead in governing Scotland until 1449, placing his brothers and other family members in positions of power. Yet the wily Crichton soon returned to influence, now cooperating with the Douglases.

[edit]
Struggles with the Douglases
In 1449 James II emerged into adulthood, yet in many ways his 'active kingship' was little different from his minority. The Douglases used his emergence into adulthood as a way to throw the Livingstons out of the shared government, as the young king took revenge for the brief arrest of his mother (in turn as a means to remove her from political influence) that had taken place in 1439. Douglas and Crichton continued to dominate political power, and the king's ability to rule without them was arguably limited.

But James was a not a king to put up with this situation without argument, and between 1451 and 1455 he struggled to free himself from the power of the Douglases. Attempts to curb Douglas power were seen in 1451, when Douglas was out of the country, and culminated with the murder of the 8th Earl of Douglas at Stirling Castle on February 22, 1452.

The king had accused the earl, probably with justification, of making bonds with John Macdonald, 11th Earl of Ross (aka the Lord of the Isles) and Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford. This bond would have created a dangerous axis of powerful and independently-minded men that was a major threat to royal power. When, allegedly, Douglas refused to break the bond, James flew into a temper and stabbed Douglas to death. His court officials (many of whom would rise to great influence in later years, often in former Douglas lands) then joined in the bloodbath, one even striking out the earl's brains with an axe.

This murder did not remove the power of the Douglases, but rather created a state of intermittent civil war between 1452 and 1455. James attempted to seize Douglas lands, but was forced into repeated climb-downs, whereby he returned the lands to James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas and a brief and uneasy peace ensued.

Military campaigns ended indecisively, and it has been argued by some that James was in serious danger of being overthrown, or having to flee the country. But James' patronage of lands, titles and office to allies of the Douglases saw their allies begin to change sides, most tellingly the Earl of Crawford, and in 1455 James was finally able to make a decisive blow against the Douglases, and they were finally defeated at the battle of Arkinholm in May 1455.

In the months that followed the extensive Douglas lands were forfeited and permanently annexed to the crown by the Parliament of Scotland, as were many other lands, finances and castles. The earl fled into a long English exile. James was finally free to govern as he wished, and it can be argued that his successors as kings of Scots never faced such a powerful challenge to their authority again. Along with the forfeiture of the Albany Stewarts in reign of James I, the destruction of the Black Douglases saw royal power in Scotland take a major step forward.

[edit]
Effective ruler
Between 1455 and 1460 James II proved to be an active and interventionist king. Ambitions to take Orkney and Shetland and the Isle of Man to Scotland were not successful. The king travelled the country, and seems to have originated the practice of raising money by giving remissions for serious crimes. In 1458 an act of parliament seems to criticise the king, but it is difficult to say how his reign would have developed had he lived longer.

James was an enthusiast for modern artillery, which he used with some success against the Black Douglases. His ambitions to increase Scotland's standing saw him besiege Roxburgh castle in 1460, one of the last Scottish castles still held by the English after the Wars of Independence. On August 3 James was killed when one of his cannons exploded. The Scots carried on with the siege and took the castle.

Lindsay of Pitscottie, about 1728, wrote concerning the accident that befell King James II as he was standing near a piece of artillery, that "his thigh-bone was dung in two with a piece of misframed gun that brake in shooting, by the which he was stricken to the ground and died hastily."

[edit]
Marriage and children
He married Mary of Gueldres at Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, on July 3, 1449. They had seven children:

An unnamed son. Both born and died on 19 May 1450).
James III of Scotland (1451/1452 - 1488).
Alexander Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany (c. 1454 - 1485).
David Stewart, Earl of Moray (c. 1456 - 1457. He was created Earl of Moray on 12 February 1456.
John Stewart, 1st Earl of Mar and Garioch (c. 1459 - 1479).
Princess Margaret Stewart of Scotland. Married William Crichton, 3rd Lord Crichton of Auchingoul. She was mother of Margaret Crichton and mother-in-law of George Leslie, 4th Earl of Rothes.
Princess Mary Stewart of Scotland (d. 1488). Married first Thomas Boyd, 1st Earl of Arran and secondly James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton. She was mother of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran.
He was also father to Sir John Stewart of Sticks (d. 1507), an illegitimate son.

Preceded by:
James I King of Scots Succeeded by:
James III

James II reigned from 1437-1460. His father, James I, fell victim to
conspiracy and James II, age 6, became King, 1437-1460. James II was killed
in an Artillery demonstration, hit by "a piece of mis-framed gun that brak in
the shooting", leaving a young James III under regency of Mary Guildres, then
Bishop James Kennedy, and finally unscrululous Lord Boyd of Kilmarnock, high
justican, after whom James III assumed control in 1469 when Lord Boyd died.

James II reigned from 1437-1460. His father, James I, fell victim to
conspiracy and James II, age 6, became King, 1437-1460. James II was killed
in an Artillery demonstration, hit by "a piece of mis-framed gun that brak in
the shooting", leaving a young James III under regency of Mary Guildres, then
Bishop James Kennedy, and finally unscrululous Lord Boyd of Kilmarnock, high
justican, after whom James III assumed control in 1469 when Lord Boyd died.

James II reigned from 1437-1460. His father, James I, fell victim to
conspiracy and James II, age 6, became King, 1437-1460. James II was killed
in an Artillery demonstration, hit by "a piece of mis-framed gun that brak in
the shooting", leaving a young James III under regency of Mary Guildres, then
Bishop James Kennedy, and finally unscrululous Lord Boyd of Kilmarnock, high
justican, after whom James III assumed control in 1469 when Lord Boyd died.

ID: I2423
Name: John Gorm STEWART 1
Sex: M
Birth: ABT. 1435

Father: James STEWART b: ABT. 1400 in Atholl, Scotland
Mother: Janet MENZIES

Marriage 1 Spouse Unknown
Children
William STEWART b: ABT. 1481

Sources:
Title: Stewart, Phillips, and Sides Ancestries by Esther Stewart
Author: Esther Mae Mays Stewart
Repository:
Call Number:
Media: Book

James Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan, so created c1469, as also Lord Auchterhous; High Chamberlain of Scotland 1471-73 and 1478-84, Ambassador to France 1473, Warden of East Marches 1479; married Margaret, daughter and heiress of Sir Alexander Ogilvy of Auchterhouse, through whom he became Hereditary Sheriff of Forfar. [Burke's Peerage]

James II; born 16 Oct 1430; married 3 July 1449 Mary (died 1 Dec 1463), daughter of Arnold, Duke of Gueldres, and was killed by the bursting of one of his own cannon while besieging the English in Roxburgh Castle 3 Aug 1460. [Burke's Peerage]

James II built Ravenscraig Castle between March 1460 and 1464 (posthumously).

Click here for Photo of Ravenscraig Castle (use browser back arrow to return)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
James II of Scotland (October 16, 1430 - August 3, 1460) was king ofScotland from 1437 to 1460. He had an elder twin, Alexander, who livedlong enough to be knighted, but died in infancy. James was the son ofJames I and father of James III. He was known as "Fiery face" becauseof a conspicuous vermillion birthmark on his face. He also had sixsisters, who were married into the royal dynasties of Europe.

Inheriting the throne at under seven years old, most of James' reignsaw the government in the hands of others. James I's death had been anattempt to usurp power by Walter Stewart, earl of Atholl, but itfailed miserably and Atholl and his allies were captured and executedin the months after the assassination. The government was led(1437-1439) by Archibald Douglas, 5th earl of Douglas, aslieutenant-general of the realm. After his death, and with a generallack of high status earls in Scotland because of death, forfeiture ortheir young age, power was shared uneasily between William, 1st lordCrichton, chancellor of Scotland, sometimes in cooperation with James'the gross' Douglas, earl of Buchan, and Sir Alexander Livingston ofCallendar, who had possession of the young king in his stronghold ofStirling castle. In 1445 Stirling was also the location for the 'BlackDinner' where the young 6th earl of Douglas and his brother weresummarily executed. The blame has tended to be put at the feet ofCrichton, Livingston and particularly Buchan, as Douglas's deathbrought him the earldom of Douglas (as 7th earl of Douglas), and theposition as the most powerful magnate in Scotland. The precise detailsof who ran the government year by year between 1439 and 1445 arecomplex and far from certain, but in 1445 the Livingstons cooperatedwith William, the new 8th earl of Douglas, son of the recentlydeceased 7th earl, to throw Crichton from power. Douglas now took onthe lead in governing Scotland until 1449, placing his brothers andother family members in positions of power. Yet the wily Crichton soonreturned to influence, now cooperating with the Douglases.

In 1449 James II emerged into adulthood, yet in many ways his 'activekingship' was little different from his minority. The Douglases usedhis emergence into adulthood as a way to throw the Livingstons out ofthe shared government, as the young king took revenge for the briefarrest of his mother (in turn as a means to remove her from politicalinfluence) that had taken place in 1439. Douglas and Crichtoncontinued to dominate political power, and the king's ability to rulewithout them was arguably limited.

But James was a not a king to put up with this situation withoutargument, and between 1451 and 1455 he struggled to free himself fromthe power of the Douglases. Attempts to curb Douglas power were seenin 1451, when Douglas was out of the country, and culminated with themurder of the 8th Earl of Douglas at Stirling Castle on February 22,1452. The king had accused the earl, probably with justification, ofmaking bonds with the Earl of Ross (aka the Lord of the Isles) and theEarl of Crawford. This bond would have created a dangerous axis ofpowerful and independently-minded men that was a major threat to royalpower. When, allegedly, Douglas refused to break the bond, James flewinto a temper and stabbed Douglas to death. His court officials (manyof whom would rise to great influence in later years, often in formerDouglas lands) then joined in the bloodbath, one even striking out theearl's brains with an axe.

This murder did not remove the power of the Douglases, but rathercreated a state of intermittent civil war between 1452 and 1455. Jamesattempted to seize Douglas lands, but was forced into repeatedclimb-downs, whereby he returned the lands to James, the new 9th earlof Douglas and a brief and uneasy peace ensued. Military campaignsended indecisively, and it has been argued by some that James was inserious danger of being overthrown, or having to flee the country. ButJames' patronage of lands, titles and office to allies of theDouglases saw their allies begin to change sides, most tellingly theEarl of Crawford, and in 1455 James was finally able to make adecisive blow against the Douglases, and they were finally defeated atthe battle of Arkinholm in May 1455.

In the months that followed the extensive Douglas lands were forfeitedand permanently annexed to the crown by the Scottish Parliament, aswere many other lands, finances and castles. The earl fled into a longEnglish exile. James was finally free to govern as he wished, and itcan be argued that his successors as kings of Scots never faced such apowerful challenge to their authority again. Along with the forfeitureof the Albany Stewarts in reign of James I, the destruction of theBlack Douglases saw royal power in Scotland take a major step forward.

Between 1455 and 1460 James II proved to be an active andinterventionist king. Ambitions to take Orkney and Shetland and theIsle of Man to Scotland were not successful. The king travelled thecountry, and seems to have originated the practice of raising money bygiving remissions for serious crimes. In 1458 an act of parliamentseems to criticise the king, but it is difficult to say how his reignwould have developed had he lived longer.

James was an enthusiast for modern artillery, which he used with somesuccess against the Black Douglases. His ambitions to increaseScotland's standing saw him besiege Roxburgh castle in 1460, one ofthe last Scottish castles still held by the English after the Wars ofIndependence. On August 3 James was killed when one of his cannonexploded. The Scots carried on with the siege and took the castle.

He married Mary of Guelders at Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, on July 3,1449. They had seven children, including James III of Scotland and theabducted Margaret.

Acceded March 25, 1437, Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Scotland
Killed by a bursting piece of ordnance at the siege of Roxburgh Castle.

[Kopi av ROYALS.FTW]

Reign: 1437-60; A regency led by the Douglas family ruled until 1449, when
James began to govern by himself. In 1460, at the head of an army, he was
killed during the seige of Roxburgh Castle.Reign: 1437-60; A regency led by the Douglas family ruled until 1449, when
James began to govern by himself. In 1460, at the head of an army, he was
killed during the seige of Roxburgh Castle.
[Enc. Brit.] King of Scotland 1437-60.[Enc. Brit.] King of Scotland 1437-60.Reign: 1437-60; A regency led by the Douglas family ruled until 1449, when
James began to govern by himself. In 1460, at the head of an army, he was
killed during the seige of Roxburgh Castle.
[Enc. Brit.] King of Scotland 1437-60.[Enc. Brit.] King of Scotland 1437-60.[Enc. Brit.] King of Scotland 1437-60.

James Sex: M Birth: 16 Oct 1430 in Holyrood, Edinburgh Death: 3 Aug 1460 in Roxburgh Castle, Kelso, Roxburghshire, Scotland Burial: Holyrood House, Edinburgh, Mid-Lothian, Scotland _UID: 83534A75EFDDD5118F0C00A0CCD7796D0BA8 Note: King James II of /Scotland/ Change Date: 20 Nov 2001 at 19:52:21Father: James Stewart b: 25 Jul 1394 in Dunfermline Palace, Fife, Scotland Mother: Joan Beaufort b: ABT. 1356 in Beaufort Castle, Anjou, FranceMarriage 1 Unknown
Children
John Stewart b: ABT. 1455 in Ballechin, Logierait, Perthshire, Scotland
Marriage 2 Maria Mary -- Princess Of Guelders b: ABT. 1432 in Grave, N-Brbn, Netherlands
Married: 3 Jul 1449 in Holyrood, Edinburgh, Mid-Lothian, Scotland
Children
Child Stewart b: 19 May 1450
James Stewart b: 10 Jul 1451 in Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland
Mary Stewart b: May 1452
Alexander Stewart b: 1454 in Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland
David Stewart b: ABT. 1456 in Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland
John Stewart b: ABT. 1458 in Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland
Margaret Cecilia Stewart b: ABT. 1459 in Stirling, Stirlingshire

James Sex: M Birth: 16 Oct 1430 in Holyrood, Edinburgh Death: 3 Aug 1460 in Roxburgh Castle, Kelso, Roxburghshire, Scotland Burial: Holyrood House, Edinburgh, Mid-Lothian, Scotland _UID: 83534A75EFDDD5118F0C00A0CCD7796D0BA8 Note: King James II of /Scotland/ Change Date: 20 Nov 2001 at 19:52:21Father: James Stewart b: 25 Jul 1394 in Dunfermline Palace, Fife, Scotland Mother: Joan Beaufort b: ABT. 1356 in Beaufort Castle, Anjou, FranceMarriage 1 Unknown
Children
John Stewart b: ABT. 1455 in Ballechin, Logierait, Perthshire, Scotland
Marriage 2 Maria Mary -- Princess Of Guelders b: ABT. 1432 in Grave, N-Brbn, Netherlands
Married: 3 Jul 1449 in Holyrood, Edinburgh, Mid-Lothian, Scotland
Children
Child Stewart b: 19 May 1450
James Stewart b: 10 Jul 1451 in Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland
Mary Stewart b: May 1452
Alexander Stewart b: 1454 in Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland
David Stewart b: ABT. 1456 in Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland
John Stewart b: ABT. 1458 in Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland
Margaret Cecilia Stewart b: ABT. 1459 in Stirling, Stirlingshire

{geni:occupation} Monarch

{geni:about_me} '''James II, King of Scots''' was born on 16 October 1430 in Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh and Died on 3 August 1460 at the siege of Roxburgh (Gaelic: Rosbrog) Castle when one of the cannons exploded. He was also known as Fiery Face, Seumas II Stiùbhairt , Jacobus 2, Rex Scotor

Ruled: 21 February 1437 - 3 August 1460

Preceded by: James I 4 April 1406 - 21 February 1437

Succeeded by: James III 3 August 1460 - 11 June 1488

Coronation: 1437

==Basics==
He was the son of James I, King of Scots and of Joan Beaufort

Married :
# Mary of Guelders on 3 July 1449 at Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh

Children:
# An unnamed son. (Both born and died on 19 May 1450)
# James III of Scotland (1451/1452 - 1488)
# Alexander Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany (c. 1454 - 1485)
# David Stewart, Earl of Moray (c. 1456 - 1457)
# John Stewart, 1st Earl of Mar and Garioch (c. 1459 - 1479)
# Princess Margaret Stewart of Scotland
# Princess Mary Stewart of Scotland (d. 1488)
# John Stewart of Sticks/Ballechin (Illegitimate d. c. 1460)

==Biography==

James II (Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh, 16 October 1430 – 3 August 1460) reigned as King of Scots from 1437 to 1460.

He was the son of James I, King of Scots and of Joan Beaufort (daughter of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset and of Margaret Holland). He had an elder twin, Alexander Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, who lived long enough to receive a knighthood, but died in infancy. James became the father of James III.

James, whose nickname "Fiery face" because of a conspicuous vermilion birthmark on his face, had six sisters, all of whom married into various European royal dynasties.

Inheriting the throne at under seven years old, James saw the government in the hands of others for most of his reign. The assassination of his father James I had formed part of an attempt to usurp power by Walter Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl, but it failed miserably, and James's guardians had Atholl and his allies captured and executed in the months after the assassination.

From 1437 to 1439, Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Douglas, as lieutenant-general of the realm, headed the government. After his death, and with a general lack of high-status earls in Scotland because of deaths, forfeiture or youth, power became shared uneasily between William, 1st Lord Crichton, Lord Chancellor of Scotland (sometimes in co-operation with the Earl of Avondale) and Sir Alexander Livingston of Callendar, who had possession of the young king as the warden of the stronghold of Stirling Castle.

In 1440 Edinburgh Castle became the location for the 'Black Dinner', which saw the summary execution of the young William Douglas, 6th Earl of Douglas and his brother. Commentators tend to place the blame for the Black Dinner at the feet of Crichton, Livingston and particularly Avondale, as Douglas's death brought him the earldom of Douglas (as 7th earl), and the position of the most powerful magnate in Scotland.

The precise details of who ran the government year by year between 1439 and 1445 appear complex and far from certain, but in 1445 the Livingstons co-operated with William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas, son of the recently-deceased 7th Earl, to drive Crichton from power. Douglas now took the lead in governing Scotland until 1449, placing his brothers and other family members in positions of power. Yet the wily Crichton soon returned to influence, now co-operating with the Douglases.

In 1449 James II emerged into adulthood, yet in many ways his 'active kingship' differed little from his minority. The Douglases used his coming of age as a way to throw the Livingstons out of the shared government, as the young king took revenge for the brief arrest of his mother (in turn as a means to remove her from political influence) that had taken place in 1439. Douglas and Crichton continued to dominate political power, and the king's ability to rule without them remained arguably limited.

But James did not acquiesce with this situation without argument, and between 1451 and 1455 he struggled to free himself from the power of the Douglases. Attempts to curb the Douglases' power took place in 1451, during the absence of the Earl of Douglas from Scotland, and culminated with the murder of the 8th Earl of Douglas at Stirling Castle on 22 February 1452.

The main account of Douglas's murder comes from the Auchinleck Chronicle, a near contemporary but fragmentary source. According to its account, the king accused the Earl (probably with justification) of forging links with John Macdonald, 11th Earl of Ross (a.k.a. the Lord of the Isles) and with Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford. This bond, if it existed, created a dangerous axis of power of independently-minded men, forming a major rival to royal authority. When Douglas refused to break the bond with Ross, James broke into a fit of temper and stabbed Douglas to his death. His court officials (many of whom would rise to great influence in later years, often in former Douglas lands) then joined in the bloodbath, one allegedly striking out the Earl's brain with an axe.

This murder did not end the power of the Douglases, but rather created a state of intermittent civil war between 1452 and 1455. James attempted to seize Douglas lands, but his opponents repeatedly forced him into humiliating climbdowns, whereby he returned the lands to James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas and a brief and uneasy peace ensued.

Military campaigns ended indecisively, and some have argued that James stood in serious danger of being overthrown, or of having to flee the country. But James's patronage of lands, titles and office to allies of the Douglases saw their erstwhile allies begin to change sides, most importantly the Earl of Crawford, and in May, 1455 James struck a decisive blow against the Douglases, and they were finally defeated at the Battle of Arkinholm.

In the months that followed the Parliament of Scotland declared the extensive Douglas lands forfeit and permanently annexed them to the crown, along with many other lands, finances and castles. The Earl fled into a long English exile. James finally had the freedom to govern as he wished, and one can argue that his successors as kings of Scots never faced such a powerful challenge to their authority again. Along with the forfeiture of the Albany Stewarts in reign of James I, the destruction of the Black Douglases saw royal power in Scotland take a major step forward.

Between 1455 and 1460 James II proved to be an active and interventionist king. Ambitious plans to take Orkney, Shetland and the Isle of Man did not succeed. The king travelled the country, and has been argued to have originated the practice of raising money by giving remissions for serious crimes, and that some of the unpopular policies of James III originated in the late 1450s.

In 1458 an Act of Parliament commanded the king to modify his behaviour, but one cannot say how his reign would have developed had he lived longer.

James II enthusiastically promoted modern artillery, which he used with some success against the Black Douglases. His ambitions to increase Scotland's standing saw him besiege Roxburgh Castle in 1460, one of the last Scottish castles still held by the English after the Wars of Independence. On 3 August, one of his cannons exploded, killing the King.

Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie wrote in his Historie concerning the accident that befell King James II, that as he stood near a piece of artillery "his thigh-bone was dug into two with a piece of misframed gun that broke in shooting, by which he was stricken to the ground and died hastily". It should be noted, however, that Pitscottie was writing a century after the events he was describing.

The Scots carried on with the siege of Roxburgh Castle, led by George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus, and it fell a few days later. James's son became king as James III, and his widow Mary of Gueldres acted as regent until her own death three years later.

==Links==
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchs#House_of_Stewart.2FStuart
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_Scotland
* http://thepeerage.com/p10210.htm#i102098
* http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=9300534
* http://www.geneall.net/U/per_page.php?id=1877

==Sources==

*McGladdery, The Auchinleck Chronicle
*Brown, The Black Douglases
*Tanner, Scottish Parliament
*McAndrew, Scotland's Historic Heraldry

==Citations==
#McGladdery, James II, Chapter 4, Appendix 2 (The Auchinleck Chronicle)
# Brown, The Black Douglases, chapter 13
#Tanner, Scottish Parliament, Chapter 5
#Tanner, Scottish Parliament, 201, 204
#Tanner, Scottish Parliament, Chapter 6
#McAndrew, Scotland's Historic Heraldry, p 173

Sir James Stewart 1st Earl of Buchan
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=2fcddf6e-2c0f-49b7-a463-43c3471dc79a&tid=2456826&pid=232095277

James II Stewart, King of Scotland was the son of James I Stewart, King of Scotland and Lady Joan Beaufort. He was born on 16 October 1430 at Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.
He was also reported to have been born on 16 October 1431 at Holyrood Monastery, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland. He married Marie von Geldern, daughter of Arnold Herzog von Geldern and Katherine von Kleve, on 3 July 1449 at Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgnburgh, Scotland.
He died on 3 August 1460 at age 29 at Roxburgh Castle, Scotland, killed by a bursting piece of ordnance.
He was buried at Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Edinburgh.
He succeeded to the title of Duke of Rothesay on 22 April 1431.2 James II Stewart, King of Scotland also went by the nick-name of 'Fiery Face'. He succeeded to the title of King James II of Scotland on 21 February 1437.2 He was crowned King of Scotn 25 March 1437 at Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Edinburgh.
He fought in the siege of Roxburgh Castle in August 1460 at Roxburgh Castle.
Succeeded at the age of 6 following the murder of his father, James I. A large birthmark bequeathed the nickname 'Fiery Face'. His coronation at Kelso Abbey was the first not at Scone. By giving authority to men of his own choice, and travelling encally, James II strengthened a monarchy weakened by powerful nobles. In particular, he murdered the 8th, and killed the 9th. Earl of Douglas (1452-5). He married Mary of Guelders (died 1463), daughter of Arnold, Duke of Guelders (a Rhine principali the 3rd. July 1449. They had four sons and two daughters. James died in a gun accident - the gun exploded whilst King standing nearby near Roxborough Castle (held by the British) during seige. Succeeded by his son as James III.

King James II of Scotland
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=7775ecac-6ea1-47ef-aea3-efe3b63d75f5&tid=822673&pid=-1378593293

James Sex: M Birth: 16 Oct 1430 in Holyrood, Edinburgh Death: 3 Aug 1460 in Roxburgh Castle, Kelso, Roxburghshire, Scotland Burial: Holyrood House, Edinburgh, Mid-Lothian, Scotland _UID: 83534A75EFDDD5118F0C00A0CCD7796D0BA8 Note: King James II of /Scotland/ Change Date: 20 Nov 2001 at 19:52:21Father: James Stewart b: 25 Jul 1394 in Dunfermline Palace, Fife, Scotland Mother: Joan Beaufort b: ABT. 1356 in Beaufort Castle, Anjou, FranceMarriage 1 Unknown
Children
John Stewart b: ABT. 1455 in Ballechin, Logierait, Perthshire, Scotland
Marriage 2 Maria Mary -- Princess Of Guelders b: ABT. 1432 in Grave, N-Brbn, Netherlands
Married: 3 Jul 1449 in Holyrood, Edinburgh, Mid-Lothian, Scotland
Children
Child Stewart b: 19 May 1450
James Stewart b: 10 Jul 1451 in Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland
Mary Stewart b: May 1452
Alexander Stewart b: 1454 in Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland
David Stewart b: ABT. 1456 in Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland
John Stewart b: ABT. 1458 in Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland
Margaret Cecilia Stewart b: ABT. 1459 in Stirling, Stirlingshire

KING OF SCOTLAND 1437-1460; HAD A LARGE FACIAL BIRTHMARK WHICH EARNED HIM THE
DESCRIPTION "OF THE FIERY FACE"; KILLED WHEN A CANNON NEAR WHICH HE WAS
STANDING EXPLODED

James II of Scotland (October 16, 1430 — August 3, 1460) reigned as king of Scots from 1437 to 1460.

James II, the son of James I of Scotland and of Joan Beaufort (daughter of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset and of Margaret Holland), had an elder twin, Alexander Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, who lived long enough to receive a knighthood, but died in infancy. James II became the father of James III. He gained the nickname "Fiery face" because of a conspicuous vermilion birthmark on his face. James had six sisters, who married into various European royal dynasties

James II (of Scotland) (1430-60), king of Scotland (1437-60), son of King
James I, born in Edinburgh. He was crowned shortly after the murder of his
father in 1437. A regency led by the Douglas family ruled until 1449, when
James began to govern by himself. His efforts to promote social welfare
were greatly obstructed by the nobles, especially by William, 8th earl of
Douglas (1425?-52), who was involved in treason and who was stabbed to
death by the king. James crushed a revolt of the Douglas family in 1452
and seized their estates. He then became entangled in the Wars of the
Roses, a contest between the houses of York and Lancaster for the English
throne. In 1460, at the head of an army, he was killed during the siege of
Roxburgh Castle in Scotland. He was succeeded as king by his son James
III. He also had 2 sons and 2 daughters.

Killed by a bursting piece of ordnance at the seige of Roxb urgh Castle.

James II (1430-60), king of Scotland, was only in his seventh year when he succeeded his father, James I. Important legislative enactments mark his reign, and the administration of justice was made more efficient by the establishment, in 1458, of a court or committee of nine representatives of the clergy, nobility, and burghers to deal with judicial matters. Glasgow University was founded by him in 1451. [World Wide Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1935]

Notes on King James II
Twin to his brother Alexander. Succeeded after his Father was assasinated at Perth. After his Father�s murder, he was sheltered by his Mother in Edinburgh and then Stirling Castle. In 1439, when the Queen-Dowager married Sir James Stewart of Lorne (the Black Knight of Lorne), her co-regent Livingston of Callander forced her to relinquish her guardianship of the young King. The country meanwhile had been ruined by the feuds of the nobles. James continued under the protection of Livingston and Crichton, the Chancellor of Scotland, until he took up the reins in 1449. James displayed great prudence and vigour. War with England was resumed on the Borders in 1448 and ended next year by a truce. He obtained from Parliament enactments designed to protect the people but was thwarted by the nobles, especially by the House of Douglas. As the Yorkists protected the exiled Douglases, James entangled himself in the Wars of the Roses. He marched for the Lancastrian cause with a powerful army in 1460. While laying siege to Roxburgh Castle, he was killed by the bursting of a piece of ordnance (cannon). Succeeded by his eldest son. {Burke�s Peerage and Chamber�s Biographical Dictionary} [GADD.GED]

He was the first Earl of Buchan from 1466 to 1487, High Chamberlain of Scotland in 1471 and Scottish Ambassador to France in 1473.

My Great Great Great Great Great Great Great Great Great Great Great Great Great Great Great Grandfather
James II of Scotland (October 16, 1430, at Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh – August 3, 1460) reigned as king of Scots from 1437 to 1460.

He was the son of James I of Scotland and of Joan Beaufort (daughter of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset and of Margaret Holland). He had an elder twin, Alexander Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, who lived long enough to receive a knighthood, but died in infancy. James became the father of James III. He gained the nickname "Fiery face" because of a conspicuous vermilion birthmark on his face. He had six sisters, who married into various European royal dynasties. He was killed by the accidental explosion of one of his own cannon at the siege of Roxburgh Castle in 1460.

Marriage and children
James married Mary of Gueldres at Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, on July 3, 1449. They had seven children:

An unnamed son. Both born and died on 19 May 1450).
James III of Scotland (1451/1452 - 1488).
Alexander Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany (c. 1454 - 1485).
David Stewart, Earl of Moray (c. 1456 - 1457. He was created Earl of Moray on 12 February 1456.
John Stewart, 1st Earl of Mar and Garioch (c. 1459 - 1479).
Princess Margaret Stewart of Scotland. Married William Crichton, 3rd Lord Crichton of Auchingoul. She became the mother of Margaret Crichton and mother-in-law of George Leslie, 4th Earl of Rothes.
Princess Mary Stewart of Scotland (d. 1488). Married first Thomas Boyd, 1st Earl of Arran and secondly James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton. She become the mother of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran.

Haben Sie Ergänzungen, Korrekturen oder Fragen im Zusammenhang mit James II "King James ll of Scotland" Stewart King of Scots?
Der Autor dieser Publikation würde gerne von Ihnen hören!