Family Tree Welborn » Gruffydd ap Cynan (± 1070-1137)

Persönliche Daten Gruffydd ap Cynan 

• Er wurde geboren rund 1070 in Dublin, Ireland.
• Er ist verstorben im Jahr 1137 in Caernarvonshire, Wales.
• Er wurde beerdigt in Bangor Cathedral, Bangor, Wales.
• Ein Kind von Cynan ap Iago und Ranallt (Ragnhildir Radnaillt of Dublin and Ranult of Dublin ingen Olaf) Olafsdottir
• Ein Kind von Cynan ap Iago und FNU LNU
• Diese Information wurde zuletzt aktualisiert am 26. Februar 2021.

Familie von Gruffydd ap Cynan

Er ist verheiratet mit Angharad verch Owain.

Sie haben geheiratet.

Kind(er):

1. Susanna verch Gruffydd  ± 1095-1165 
2. Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd  ± 1096-± 1172 
3. Rhanallt verch Gruffudd  ± 1099-???? 
4. Owain Gwynedd ap Gruffydd  ± 1100-± 1170 
5. Gwenllian verch Gruffydd  ± 1103-1136 
6. Margred verch Gruffydd ap Cynan  ± 1108-???? 

Notizen bei Gruffydd ap Cynan

·Äî·Äî·Äî·Äî paternal ·Äî·Äî·Äî·Äî
Gruffydd ap Cynan is your 24th great grandfather.
You¬â€ ¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Henry Marvin Welborn
your father¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Emma Corine Welborn (Bombard)
his mother¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Emma Elizabeth Free / Bombard
her mother¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Isabelle Bynum
her mother¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Robert W Bynum
her father¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Elizabeth Bynum
his mother¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Lydia Mitchell
her mother¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Jonathan Wheeler, I
her father¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Martha Wheeler (Salisbury)
his mother¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ William Salisbury
her father¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ William Salisbury, of Denbigh & Swansea
his father¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ John Salisbury, of Denbigh
his father¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Sir John Salusbury, III, "The Strong", MP
his father¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Catrin o Ferain / Kathryn of Berain
his mother¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Jane de Velville
her mother¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Agnes verch Gwilym
her mother¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Gwilym Fychan ap Gwilym
her father¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Gwilym ap Gruffudd, of Penrhyn
his father¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Gruffudd ap Gwilym
his father¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Gwilym ap Gruffudd
his father¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Gruffudd ap Heilin
his father¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Heilin ap Tudur
his father¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Adles verch Rhicert
his mother¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Richard ap Cadwaladr aka Membyr Ddu
her father¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd
his father¬â€ ·Üí¬â€ Gruffydd ap Cynan
his father

https://www.geni.com/people/Gruffydd-ap-Cynan/6000000000424583790

·Äî·Äî·Äî·Äî·Äîmaternal·Äî·Äî·Äî·Äî·Äî·Äî
Gruffydd ap Cynan is your 24th great grandfather.
You¬â€  ·Üí Geneva Allene Welborn
your mother ·Üí Henry Loyd Smith, Sr.
her father ·Üí Edith Lucinda Lee
his mother ·Üí William M Lee, Will
her father ·Üí Martha Lee (Collier)
his mother ·Üí Stephen T Collier
her father ·Üí Catherine Collier
his mother ·Üí Shadrack Roberts
her father ·Üí William R. Roberts, Sr.
his father ·Üí John Roberts
his father ·Üí Gaynor Roberts
his mother ·Üí Elizabeth Pugh
her mother ·Üí Annes verch Edward
her mother ·Üí N.N. verch Thomas
her mother ·Üí Elsbeth Anwyl verch Morgan
her mother ·Üí Morgan ap John
her father ·Üí Gwenhwyfar verch Gronwy
his mother ·Üí Margred verch Llewelyn Ddu
her mother ·Üí Llewelyn Ddu ap Gruffydd
her father ·Üí Gwerfyl verch Maredudd
his mother ·Üí Maredudd ap Llewelyn Fychan
her father ·Üí Llewelyn Fychan ap Llewelyn
his father ·Üí Llewelyn ab Owain
his father ·Üí Owain ap Madog
his father ·Üí Susanna verch Gruffydd
his mother ·Üí Gruffydd ap Cynan
her father

Gruffydd ap Cynan is your 25th great grandfather.
You¬â€  ·Üí Geneva Allene Welborn
your mother ·Üí Henry Loyd Smith, Sr.
her father ·Üí Edith Lucinda Smith
his mother ·Üí William M Lee, Will
her father ·Üí Britton Lee
his father ·Üí William Samuel Lee
his father ·Üí Lemuel Lee
his father ·Üí Edward Lee, I
his father ·Üí Mary Lee
his mother ·Üí William Bryan, I
her father ·Üí John Smith Bryan, of Nansemond
his father ·Üí Catherine Bryan (Morgan)
his mother ·Üí Sir Thomas Morgan of Llanryhmny
her father ·Üí Catherine Morgan
his mother ·Üí Margred Morgan
her mother ·Üí Thomas Morgan, Esq
her father ·Üí Sir John Morgan, Knight of the Holy Sepulchre
his father ·Üí Sir Jevan Morgan
his father ·Üí Llewelyn ap Morgan, of Tredegar
his father ·Üí Morgan ap Llewelyn
his father ·Üí Llewelyn ab Ifor, Lord of St. Clear manor
his father ·Üí Ifor ap Llewelyn
his father ·Üí Llewelyn ap Ifor
his father ·Üí Nest verch Caradog
his mother ·Üí Caradoc ap Madog
her father ·Üí Rhanallt verch Gruffudd
his mother ·Üí Gruffydd ap Cynan
her father

Gruffydd ap Cynan is your 26th great grandfather.
You¬â€  ·Üí Geneva Allene Welborn
your mother ·Üí Henry Loyd Smith, Sr.
her father ·Üí Edith Lucinda Smith
his mother ·Üí William M LEE, Will
her father ·Üí Britton Lee
his father ·Üí William Samuel Lee
his father ·Üí Lemuel Samuel Lee
his father ·Üí Edward Lee, I
his father ·Üí Mary Lee
his mother ·Üí William Bryan, I
her father ·Üí John Smith Bryan, of Nansemond
his father ·Üí Catherine Bryan (Morgan)
his mother ·Üí Sir Thomas Morgan of Llanryhmny
her father ·Üí Catherine Morgan
his mother ·Üí Margred Morgan
her mother ·Üí Thomas Morgan, Esq
her father ·Üí Sir John Morgan, Knight of the Holy Sepulchre
his father ·Üí Sir Jevan Morgan
his father ·Üí Llewelyn ap Morgan, of Tredegar
his father ·Üí Morgan ap Llewelyn
his father ·Üí Angharad verch Morgan
his mother ·Üí Sir Morgan ap Maredudd
her father ·Üí Maredudd ap Gruffudd
his father ·Üí Gruffudd ap Maredudd Gethin
his father ·Üí Maredudd Gethin ap Rhys
his father ·Üí Rhys ap Gruffudd, Prince of South Wales
his father ·Üí Gwenllian verch Gruffydd
his mother ·Üí Gruffydd ap Cynan
her father

Gruffydd ap Cynan is your 29th great grandfather.
You¬â€  ·Üí Geneva Allene Welborn
your mother ·Üí Henry Loyd Smith, Sr.
her father ·Üí Edith Lucinda Smith
his mother ·Üí William M LEE, Will
her father ·Üí Britton Lee
his father ·Üí William Samuel Lee
his father ·Üí Lemuel Samuel Lee
his father ·Üí Edward Lee, I
his father ·Üí Mary Lee
his mother ·Üí William Bryan, I
her father ·Üí John Smith Bryan, of Nansemond
his father ·Üí Catherine Bryan (Morgan)
his mother ·Üí Catherine Morgan
her mother ·Üí Nicholas Herbert
her father ·Üí Mathew Herbert, of Swansea
his father ·Üí Elizabeth Herbert
his mother ·Üí Elizabeth Berkeley (de Neville)
her mother ·Üí Margaret Fenne, Baroness Abergavenny
her mother ·Üí Phillipa Fiennes
her mother ·Üí Sir Thomas Dacre, Kt.
her father ·Üí Thomas Dacre, 6th Baron Dacre
his father ·Üí Joan Douglas, of Mar
his mother ·Üí James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas and Mar
her father ·Üí Margaret of Mar, Countess of Mar
his mother ·Üí Domhnall II, Earl of Mar
her father ·Üí Gartnait MacDomhnaill, 7th Earl of Mar
his father ·Üí Elen ferch Llywelyn
his mother ·Üí Llewelyn Fawr ab Iorwerth, Prince of Gwynedd
her father ·Üí Iorwerth Drwyndwn ap Owain
his father ·Üí Owain Gwynedd ap Gruffydd, King of Gwynedd
his father ·Üí Gruffydd ap Cynan
his father

Gruffydd ap Cynan is your 25th great grandfather.
You¬â€  ·Üí Geneva Allene Welborn
your mother ·Üí Alice Elmyra Smith
her mother ·Üí Nellie Mary Henley
her mother ·Üí John Merrit Wooldridge
her father ·Üí Merritt Wooldridge
his father ·Üí Chesley Wooldridge
his father ·Üí Edward Wooldridge, Jr.
his father ·Üí Mary Wooldridge
his mother ·Üí Mary Martha Flournoy
her mother ·Üí Jane Gower
her mother ·Üí Marian Mary Hatcher
her mother ·Üí Capt. Christopher Newport, Admiral of Virginia
her father ·Üí Christopher Newport, Sr.
his father ·Üí Christopher Richard Newporte
his father ·Üí Mary Allington
his mother ·Üí Mary Ellen Cheney
her mother ·Üí Elizabeth Cokayne
her mother ·Üí Ida Cokayne, Baroness
her mother ·Üí Alianore de Grey
her mother ·Üí John le Strange, Sr., 2nd Baron Strange of Blackmere
her father ·Üí Eleanor Giffard
his mother ·Üí Maud de Clifford
her mother ·Üí Margred Verch Llywelyn
her mother ·Üí Llewelyn Fawr ab Iorwerth, Prince of Gwynedd
her father ·Üí Margred of Powys
his mother ·Üí Susanna verch Gruffydd
her mother ·Üí Gruffydd ap Cynan
her father

https://www.geni.com/people/Gruffydd-ap-Cynan/6000000000424583790

Gruffydd ap Cynan
Gender:
Male
Birth:
March 8, 1055
Dublin, Ireland
Death:
1137 (81)
Caernarvonshire, Wales
Place of Burial:
Bangor Cathedral, Bangor, Wales
Immediate Family:
Son of Cynan ap Iago and Ranallt Olafsdottir
Husband of Angharad verch Owain
Father of Merinedd verch Gruffydd; Susanna verch Gruffydd; Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd; Rhanallt verch Gruffudd; Cadwallon ap Gruffydd; Owain Gwynedd ap Gruffydd, King of Gwynedd; Gwenllian verch Gruffydd; Annest verch Gruffydd; Margred verch Gruffydd ap Cynan and Duling ap Gruffydd ¬´ less
Half brother of Gruffudd ap Cynan; Maredudd ap Cynan; Aed ua Mathgamna and N.N. ferch Cynan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruffudd_ap_Cynan

See Peter Bartrum, https://cadair.aber.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/handle/2160/4701/Edwin%201.png?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (November 5, 2018; Anne Brannen, curator)
See Peter Bartrum, https://cadair.aber.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/handle/2160/6516/TABLES%20-%20EARLY%20SERIES_41.png?sequence=14&isAllowed=y (May 27, 2018; Anne Brannen, curator)
Please see Darrell Wolcott; The Royal Family of Gwynedd - History of Gruffudd ap Cynan/A New Perspective; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id46.html. (Steven Ferry, March 28, 2017.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: The Royal Family of Gwynedd - The Unofficial "History" of Gruffudd, Nephew of Iago; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id74.html. (Steven Ferry, March 30, 2017.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: The Royal Family of Gwynedd - The Children of Gruffudd, Nephew of Iago; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id80.html, for a detailed look at the trees for BOTH Gruffudd(s) ap Cynan(Steven Ferry, March 30, 2017.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: Edwin of Tegeingl and His Family - Was Owain ap Edwin Really a Traitor; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id87.html. (Steven Ferry, April 17, 2017.)

ID: I4341
Name: Gruffudd ap Cyan
Given Name: Gruffudd ap
Surname: Cyan
Suffix: King Of Gwynedd 1 2
Sex: M
Birth: 1055 in Dublin, Ireland 3
Death: 1137 in Bangor, England 1 2
Burial: Bangor Cathedral, Is Gwyrfai, Caernarvonshire, Wales
Change Date: 21 Sep 2005 at 15:23
Painting: Gruffydd ap Cynan escapes from Chester, Illustration by T. Prytherch in 1900.
Note:
patron of bardic tradition, reigned 1081-1137
!Sources: A. Roots 176, 239; Kraentzler 1406, 1409; AF; Dictionary of National Biography;Young; History of Gruffydd ap Cynan, King of Gwynedd, 1081. Weis says that his father's name was Conan. Morgan and Ancestral File say it was Cynan.
!SOURCES: 1. Weis, Frederick Lewis. _Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists_. 6th Edition. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1988; line 239. 2.Family Group Record. 3. _Dictionary of National Biography_. Has 2 1/2 pages of details, beginning on Page 301. Says he had five legitimate daughters and several illegitimate children. 4. Morgan, Dennis. _A History of the Morgan Family_. "Griffith was born in Dublin and married Angharad, daughter of Owen. He returned to Wales in 1081, founded the first of five Royal Tribes, and was restored to the Crown of Gwynedd in 1081. Griffith was imprisoned by the Normans in Chester, England, from 1081 to 1093 and is buried in Bangor Cathedral. Children were Cadwallon, Owen, Cadwaladr and Gwenillian. From Owen's line came King Edward IV of England." 5. Jones, Arthur. _The History of Griffith ap Cynan. Manchester, 1910,a translation and analysis of a twelfth century biography of Griffith (cited as thesource of the pedigree given in Weis, line 239). 6. Bartrum, Peter C. _Welsh Genealogies AD 300-1400_, page 41.
Father: Ragnhildir (Ranult) ingen Olaf Of Dublin b: Abt 1030
Marriage 1 Angharat verch Owain b: Abt 1065 in Tegeingl, Flintshire, Wales
* Married: Abt 1095 in Wales 4 * Change Date: 21 Sep 2005
Children
1. Has Children Margred Verch Gruffudd b: Abt 1070 in Wales 2. Has Children Gruffydd ap Rhys b: Abt 1081 3. Has Children Gwenlian verch Gruffydd b: Abt 1090 in Caernarvonshire, Wales 4. Has Children Susanna Verch Gruffydd b: Abt 1095 in Caernarvonshire, Wales c: in 5. Has No Children Cadwaladr Ap Gruffudd b: Abt 1096 in Caernarvonshire, Wales 6. Has Children Owain Gwynedd Ap Gruffudd b: Abt 1100 in The Forgotten Monarchy of Scotland"
Sources:
1. Abbrev: Encyclopedia Britannica, Treatise on Title: Encyclopedia Britannica, Treatise on Date: 13 Nov 2000 Page: UK-Wales Macropaedia p 124 Quality: 3 2. Abbrev: Ancestral Roots Of Sixty Colonists Who Came To New Englan d Between 1623 And 1650 Title: Ancestral Roots Of Sixty Colonists Who Came To New England Between 1623And 1650 Author: Weis, Frederick Lewis Publication: Genealogical Publishing Co. Inc., 1992 Date: 7 Jun 2004 Repository:
Page: 176-6 Quality: 3 3. Abbrev: Ancestral Roots Of Sixty Colonists Who Came To New Englan d Between 1623 And 1650 Title: Ancestral Roots Of Sixty Colonists Who Came To New England Between 1623And 1650 Author: Weis, Frederick Lewis Publication: Genealogical Publishing Co. Inc., 1992 Date: 7 Jun 2004 Repository:
Page: 239-5 Quality: 3 4. Abbrev: Ancestral Roots Of Sixty Colonists Who Came To New Englan d Between 1623 And 1650 Title: Ancestral Roots Of Sixty Colonists Who Came To New England Between 1623And 1650 Author: Weis, Frederick Lewis Publication: Genealogical Publishing Co. Inc., 1992 Date: 7 Jun 2004 Repository:
Page: 239-5

Gruffydd ap Cynan (standard Welsh: Gruffydd ap Cynan) (c. 1055 ·Äì 1137) was a King of Gwynedd. In the course of a long and eventful life, he became a key figure in Welsh resistance to Norman rule, and was remembered as King of all Wales. As a descendant of Rhodri Mawr, Gruffydd ap Cynan was a senior member of the princely house of Aberffraw. Through his mother Gruffydd had close family connections with the Danish settlement around Dublin and he frequently used Ireland as a refuge and as a source of troops. He three times gained the throne of Gwynedd and then lost it again before regaining it once more in 1099 and this time keeping power until his death. Gruffydd laid the foundations which were built upon by his son Owain Gwynedd and his great-grandson Llywelyn the Great.
The history of Gruffydd ap Cynan
Unusually for a Welsh king or prince, a near-contemporary biography of Gruffydd, The history of Gruffydd ap Cynan, has survived. Much of our knowledge of Gruffydd comes from this source, though allowance has to be made for the fact that it appears to have been written as dynastic propaganda for one of Gruffydd's descendants. The traditional view among scholars was that it was written during the third quarter of the 12th century during the reign of Gruffydd's son, Owain Gwynedd, but it has recently been suggested that it may date to the early reign of Llywelyn the Great, around 1200. The name of the author is not known. Most of the existing manuscripts of the history are in Welsh but these are clearly translations of a Latin original. It is usually considered that the original Latin version has been lost, and that existing Latin versions are re-translations from the Welsh. However Russell (2006) has suggested that the Latin version in Peniarth MS 434E incorporates the original Latin version, later emended to bring it into line with the Welsh text. [edit]Genealogy
According to the Life of Gruffydd ap Cynan, Gruffydd was born in Dublin and reared near Swords, County Dublin in Ireland. He was the son of a Welsh Prince, Cynan ap Iago, who was a claimant to the Kingship of Gwynedd but was probably never king of Gwynedd, though his father, Gruffydd's grandfather, Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig had ruled Gwynedd from 1023 to 1039. When Gruffydd first appeared on the scene in Wales the Welsh annals several times refer to him as "grandson of Iago" rather than the more usual "son of Cynan", indicating that his father was little known in Wales. Cynan ap Iago seems to have died while Gruffydd was still young, since the History describes his mother telling him who his father was. Gruffydd's mother, Ragnaillt, was the daughter of Olaf of Dublin, son of King Sigtrygg Silkbeard and a member of the Hiberno-Norse dynasty. Through his mother, who appears in the list of the fair women of Ireland in the Book of Leinster, Gruffydd claimed relationships with many of the leading septs in Ireland, including those of the Ua Briain. During his many struggles to gain the kingship of Gwynedd, Gruffydd received considerable aid from Ireland, both from the Hiberno-Norse at Dublin, but also those at Wexford, and also from Muircheartach Ua Briain. [edit]First bid for the throne
Gruffydd made his first attempt to take over the rule of Gwynedd in 1075, following the death of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn. Trahaearn ap Caradog had seized control of Gwynedd but had not yet firmly established himself. Gruffydd landed on Anglesey with an Irish force, and with the assistance of troops provided by the Norman Robert of Rhuddlan first defeated and killed Cynwrig ap Rhiwallon, an ally of Trahaearn who held Ll≈∑n, then defeated Trahaearn himself in the battle of Gwaed Erw in Meirionnydd and gained control of Gwynedd. Gruffydd then led his forces eastwards to reclaim territories taken over by the Normans, and despite the assistance previously given by Robert of Rhuddlan attacked and destroyed Rhuddlan castle. However tension between Gruffydd's Danish-Irish bodyguard and the local Welsh led to a rebellion in Ll≈∑n and Trahaearn took the opportunity to counter attack, defeating Gruffydd at the battle of Bron yr Erw above Clynnog Fawr the same year. [edit]Second bid for the throne and capture by the Normans
Gryffydd ap Cynan's Coat of Arms Gruffydd fled to Ireland but in 1081 returned and made an alliance with Rhys ap Tewdwr prince of Deheubarth. Rhys had been attacked by Caradog ap Gruffydd of Gwent and Morgannwg, and had been forced to flee to the St David's Cathedral. Gruffydd this time embarked from Waterford with a force composed of Danes and Irish and landed near St David's, presumably by prior arrangement with Rhys. He was joined here by a force of his supporters from Gwynedd, and he and Rhys marched north to seek Trahaearn ap Caradog and Caradog ap Gruffydd who had themselves made an alliance and been joined by Meilyr ap Rhiwallon of Powys. The armies of the two confederacies met at the Battle of Mynydd Carn, with Gruffydd and Rhys victorious and Trahaearn, Caradog and Meilyr all being killed. Gruffydd was thus able to seize power in Gwynedd for the second time. He was soon faced with a new enemy, as the Normans were now encroaching on Gwynedd. Gruffydd had not been king very long when he was enticed to a meeting with Hugh Earl of Chester and Hugh Earl of Shrewsbury at Rug, near Corwen. At the meeting Gruffydd was seized and taken prisoner. According to his biographer this was by the treachery of one of his own men, Meirion Goch. Gruffydd was imprisoned in Earl Hugh's castle at Chester for many years while Earl Hugh and Robert of Rhuddlan went on to take possession of Gwynedd, building castles at Bangor, Caernarfon and Aberlleiniog. [edit]Escape from captivity and third reign
Gruffydd reappeared on the scene years later, having escaped from captivity. According to his biography he was in fetters in the market-place at Chester when Cynwrig the Tall on a visit to the city saw his opportunity when the burgesses were at dinner. He picked Gruffydd up, fetters and all, and carried him out of the city on his shoulders. There is debate among historians as to the year of Gruffydd's escape. Ordericus Vitalis mentions a "Grifridus" attacking the Normans in 1088. The History in one place states that Gruffydd was imprisoned for twelve years, in another that he was imprisoned for sixteen years. Since he was captured in 1081, that would date his release to 1093 or 1097. J.E. Lloyd favours 1093, considering that Gruffydd was involved at the beginning of the Welsh uprising in 1094. K.L. Maund on the other hand favours 1097, pointing out that there is no reference to Gruffydd in the contemporary annals until 1098. D. Simon Evans inclines to the view that Ordericus Vitalis' date of 1088 could be correct, suggesting that an argument based on the silence of the annals is unsafe. Gruffydd again took refuge in Ireland but returned to Gwynedd to lead the assaults on Norman castles such as Aber Lleiniog. The Welsh revolt had begun in 1094 and by late 1095 had spread to many parts of Wales. This induced William II of England (William Rufus) to intervene, invading northern Wales in 1095. However his army was unable to the Welsh to battle and returned to Chester without having achieved very much. King Willam mounted a second invasion in 1097, but again without much success. The History only mentions one invasion by Rufus, which could indicate that Gruffydd did not feature in the resistance to the first invasion. At this time Cadwgan ap Bleddyn of Powys led the Welsh resistance. In the summer of 1098 Earl Hugh of Chester joined with Earl Hugh of Shrewsbury in another attempt to recover his losses in Gwynedd. Gruffydd and his ally Cadwgan ap Bleddyn retreated to Anglesey, but then were forced to flee to Ireland in a skiff when a fleet he had hired from the Danish settlement in Ireland accepted a better offer from the Normans and changed sides. [edit]King for the fourth time and consolidation
The situation was changed by the arrival of a Norwegian fleet under the command of King Magnus III of Norway, also known as Magnus Barefoot, who attacked the Norman forces near the eastern end of the Menai Straits. Earl Hugh of Shrewsbury was killed by an arrow said to have been shot by Magnus himself. The Normans were obliged to evacuate Anglesey, and the following year Gruffydd returned from Ireland to take possession again, having apparently come to an agreement with Earl Hugh of Chester. With the death of Hugh of Chester in 1101 Gruffydd was able to consolidate his position in Gwynedd, as much by diplomacy as by force. He met King Henry I of England who granted him the rule of Ll≈∑n, Eifionydd, Ardudwy and Arllechwedd, considerably extending his kingdom. By 1114 he had gained enough power to induce King Henry to invade Gwynedd in a three-pronged attack, one detachment led by King Alexander I of Scotland. Faced by overwhelming force, Gruffydd was obliged to pay homage to Henry and to pay a heavy fine, but lost no territory. By about 1118 Gruffydd's advancing years meant that most of the fighting which pushed Gwynedd's borders eastward and southwards was done by his three sons by his wife Angharad, daughter of Owain ab Edwin: Cadwallon, Owain Gwynedd and later Cadwaladr. The cantrefs of Rhos and Rhufoniog were annexed in 1118, Meirionnydd captured from Powys in 1123 and Dyffryn Clwyd in 1124. Another invasion by the king of England in 1121 was a military failure. The king had to come to terms with Gruffydd and made no further attempt to invade Gwynedd during Gruffydd's reign. The death of Cadwallon in a battle against the forces of Powys near Llangollen in 1132 checked further expansion for the time being. Gruffydd was now powerful enough to ensure that his nominee, David the Scot was consecrated as Bishop of Bangor in 1120. The see had been effectively vacant since Bishop Hervey le Breton had been forced to flee by the Welsh almost twenty years before, since Gruffydd and King Henry could not agree on a candidate. David went on to rebuild Bangor Cathedral with a large financial contribution from Gruffydd. Owain and Cadwaladr in alliance with Gruffydd ap Rhys of Deheubarth gained a crushing victory over the Normans at Crug Mawr near Cardigan in 1136 and took possession of Ceredigion. The latter part of Guffydd's reign was considered to be a "Golden Age"; according to the Life of Gruffydd ap Cynan Gwynedd was "bespangled with lime-washed churches like the stars in the firmament". [edit]Death and succession
Gruffydd was buried in Bangor Cathedral Gruffydd died in his bed, old and blind, in 1137 and was mourned by the annalist of Brut y Tywysogion as the head and king and defender and pacifier of all Wales. He was buried by the high altar in Bangor Cathedral which he had been involved in rebuilding. He also made bequests to many other churches, including one to Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin where he had worshipped as a boy. He was succeeded as king of Gwynedd by his son Owain Gwynedd. His daughter, Gwenllian, who married Gruffydd ap Rhys of Deheubarth, son of his old ally Rhys ap Tewdwr, is also notable for her resistance to English rule. [edit]Children
Cadwallon ap Gruffydd (killed 1132) Owain Gwynedd (Owain ap Gruffydd), married (1) Gwladus (Gladys) ferch Llywarch, daughter of Llywarch ap Trahaearn (2) Cristin ferch Goronwy, daughter of Goronwy ab Owain Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd, married Alice de Clare, daughter of Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare Susanna, married Madog ap Maredudd, prince of Powys Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd, married Gruffydd ap Rhys, prince of Deheubarth [edit]References

Middle name reported as Ap

Gruffydd ap Cynan From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gruffydd ap Cynan (also spelled Gryffydd ap Cynan) (c. 1055 ·Äì 1137) was a King of Gwynedd. In the course of a long and eventful life, he became a key figure in Welsh resistance to Norman rule, and was remembered as King of all Wales. As a descendant of Rhodri Mawr, Gruffydd ap Cynan was a senior member of the princely house of Aberffraw.
Through his mother Gruffydd had close family connections with the Danish settlement around Dublin and he frequently used Ireland as a refuge and as a source of troops. He three times gained the throne of Gwynedd and then lost it again before regaining it once more in 1099 and this time keeping power until his death. Gruffydd laid the foundations which were built upon by his son Owain Gwynedd and his great-grandson Llywelyn the Great.
The history of Gruffydd ap Cynan
Unusually for a Welsh king or prince, a near-contemporary biography of Gruffydd, "The history of Gruffydd ap Cynan", has survived. Much of our knowledge of Gruffydd comes from this source, though allowance has to be made for the fact that it appears to have been written as dynastic propaganda for one of Gruffydd's descendants. The traditional view among scholars was that it was written during the third quarter of the 12th century during the reign of Gruffydd's son, Owain Gwynedd, but it has recently been suggested that it may date to the early reign of Llywelyn the Great, around 1200. The name of the author is not known.
Most of the existing manuscripts of the history are in Welsh but these are clearly translations of a Latin original. It is usually considered that the original Latin version has been lost, and that existing Latin versions are re-translations from the Welsh. However Russell (2006) has suggested that the Latin version in Peniarth MS 434E incorporates the original Latin version, later emended to bring it into line with the Welsh text.
Genealogy
According to the Life of Gruffydd ap Cynan, Gruffydd was born in Dublin and reared near Swords, County Dublin in Ireland. He was the son of a Welsh Prince, Cynan ap Iago, who was a claimant to the Kingship of Gwynedd but was probably never king of Gwynedd, though his father, Gruffydd's grandfather, Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig had ruled Gwynedd from 1023 to 1039. When Gruffydd first appeared on the scene in Wales the Welsh annals several times refer to him as "grandson of Iago" rather than the more usual "son of Cynan", indicating that his father was little known in Wales. Cynan ap Iago seems to have died while Gruffydd was still young, since the History describes his mother telling him who his father was.
Gruffydd's mother, Ragnaillt, was the daughter of Olaf of Dublin, son of King Sigtrygg Silkbeard and a member of the Hiberno-Norse dynasty. Through his mother, who appears in the list of the fair women of Ireland in the Book of Leinster, Gruffydd claimed relationships with many of the leading septs in Ireland, including those of the Ua Briain.
During his many struggles to gain the kingship of Gwynedd, Gruffydd received considerable aid from Ireland, both from the Hiberno-Norse at Dublin, but also those at Wexford, and also from Muircheartach Ua Briain.
First bid for the throne
Gruffydd made his first attempt to take over the rule of Gwynedd in 1075, following the death of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn. Trahaearn ap Caradog had seized control of Gwynedd but had not yet firmly established himself. Gruffydd landed on Anglesey with an Irish force, and with the assistance of troops provided by the Norman Robert of Rhuddlan first defeated and killed Cynwrig ap Rhiwallon, an ally of Trahaearn who held Ll≈∑n, then defeated Trahaearn himself in the battle of Gwaed Erw in Meirionnydd and gained control of Gwynedd.
Gruffydd then led his forces eastwards to reclaim territories taken over by the Normans, and despite the assistance previously given by Robert of Rhuddlan attacked and destroyed Rhuddlan castle. However tension between Gruffydd's Danish-Irish bodyguard and the local Welsh led to a rebellion in Ll≈∑n and Trahaearn took the opportunity to counter attack, defeating Gruffydd at the battle of Bron yr Erw above Clynnog Fawr the same year.
Second bid for the throne and capture by the Normans
Gruffydd fled to Ireland but in 1081 returned and made an alliance with Rhys ap Tewdwr prince of Deheubarth. Rhys had been attacked by Caradog ap Gruffydd of Gwent and Morgannwg, and had been forced to flee to the St David's Cathedral. Gruffydd this time embarked from Waterford with a force composed of Danes and Irish and landed near St David's, presumably by prior arrangement with Rhys. He was joined here by a force of his supporters from Gwynedd, and he and Rhys marched north to seek Trahaearn ap Caradog and Caradog ap Gruffydd who had themselves made an alliance and been joined by Meilyr ap Rhiwallon of Powys. The armies of the two confederacies met at the Battle of Mynydd Carn, with Gruffydd and Rhys victorious and Trahaearn, Caradog and Meilyr all being killed. Gruffydd was thus able to seize power in Gwynedd for the second time.
He was soon faced with a new enemy, as the Normans were now encroaching on Gwynedd. Gruffydd had not been king very long when he was enticed to a meeting with Hugh Earl of Chester and Hugh Earl of Shrewsbury at Rug, near Corwen. At the meeting Gruffydd was seized and taken prisoner. According to his biographer this was by the treachery of one of his own men, Meirion Goch. Gruffydd was imprisoned in Earl Hugh's castle at Chester for many years while Earl Hugh and Robert of Rhuddlan went on to take possession of Gwynedd, building castles at Bangor, Caernarfon and Aberlleiniog.
Escape from captivity and third reign
Gruffydd reappeared on the scene years later, having escaped from captivity. According to his biography he was in fetters in the market-place at Chester when Cynwrig the Tall on a visit to the city saw his opportunity when the burgesses were at dinner. He picked Gruffydd up, fetters and all, and carried him out of the city on his shoulders. There is debate among historians as to the year of Gruffydd's escape. Ordericus Vitalis mentions a "Grifridus" attacking the Normans in 1088. The History in one place states that Gruffydd was imprisoned for twelve years, in another that he was imprisoned for sixteen years. Since he was captured in 1081, that would date his release to 1093 or 1097. J.E. Lloyd favours 1093, considering that Gruffydd was involved at the beginning of the Welsh uprising in 1094. K.L. Maund on the other hand favours 1097, pointing out that there is no reference to Gruffydd in the contemporary annals until 1098. D. Simon Evans inclines to the view that Ordericus Vitalis' date of 1088 could be correct, suggesting that an argument based on the silence of the annals is unsafe.
Gruffydd again took refuge in Ireland but returned to Gwynedd to lead the assaults on Norman castles such as Aber Lleiniog. The Welsh revolt had begun in 1094 and by late 1095 had spread to many parts of Wales. This induced William II of England (William Rufus) to intervene, invading northern Wales in 1095. However his army was unable to the Welsh to battle and returned to Chester without having achieved very much. King Willam mounted a second invasion in 1097, but again without much success. The History only mentions one invasion by Rufus, which could indicate that Gruffydd did not feature in the resistance to the first invasion. At this time Cadwgan ap Bleddyn of Powys led the Welsh resistance.
In the summer of 1098 Earl Hugh of Chester joined with Earl Hugh of Shrewsbury in another attempt to recover his losses in Gwynedd. Gruffydd and his ally Cadwgan ap Bleddyn retreated to Anglesey, but then were forced to flee to Ireland in a skiff when a fleet he had hired from the Danish settlement in Ireland accepted a better offer from the Normans and changed sides.
King for the fourth time and consolidation
The situation was changed by the arrival of a Norwegian fleet under the command of King Magnus III of Norway, also known as Magnus Barefoot, who attacked the Norman forces near the eastern end of the Menai Straits. Earl Hugh of Shrewsbury was killed by an arrow said to have been shot by Magnus himself. The Normans were obliged to evacuate Anglesey, and the following year Gruffydd returned from Ireland to take possession again, having apparently come to an agreement with Earl Hugh of Chester.
With the death of Hugh of Chester in 1101 Gruffydd was able to consolidate his position in Gwynedd, as much by diplomacy as by force. He met King Henry I of England who granted him the rule of Ll≈∑n, Eifionydd, Ardudwy and Arllechwedd, considerably extending his kingdom. By 1114 he had gained enough power to induce King Henry to invade Gwynedd in a three-pronged attack, one detachment led by King Alexander I of Scotland. Faced by overwhelming force, Gruffydd was obliged to pay homage to Henry and to pay a heavy fine, but lost no territory. By about 1118 Gruffydd's advancing years meant that most of the fighting which pushed Gwynedd's borders eastward and southwards was done by his three sons by his wife Angharad, daughter of Owain ab Edwin: Cadwallon, Owain Gwynedd and later Cadwaladr. The cantrefs of Rhos and Rhufoniog were annexed in 1118, Meirionnydd captured from Powys in 1123 and Dyffryn Clwyd in 1124. Another invasion by the king of England in 1121 was a military failure. The king had to come to terms with Gruffydd and made no further attempt to invade Gwynedd during Gruffydd's reign. The death of Cadwallon in a battle against the forces of Powys near Llangollen in 1132 checked further expansion for the time being.
Gruffydd was now powerful enough to ensure that his nominee, David the Scot was consecrated as Bishop of Bangor in 1120. The see had been effectively vacant since Bishop Hervey had been forced to flee by the Welsh almost twenty years before, since Gruffydd and King Henry could not agree on a candidate. David went on to rebuild Bangor Cathedral with a large financial contribution from Gruffydd.
Owain and Cadwaladr in alliance with Gruffydd ap Rhys of Deheubarth gained a crushing victory over the Normans at Crug Mawr near Cardigan in 1136 and took possession of Ceredigion. The latter part of Guffydd's reign was considered to be a "Golden Age"; according to the Life of Gruffydd ap Cynan Gwynedd was "bespangled with lime-washed churches like the stars in the firmament".
Death and succession

Gruffydd was buried in Bangor Cathedral
Gruffydd died in his bed, old and blind, in 1137 and was mourned by the annalist of Brut y Tywysogion as the head and king and defender and pacifier of all Wales. He was buried by the high altar in Bangor Cathedral which he had been involved in rebuilding. He also made bequests to many other churches, including one to Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin where he had worshipped as a boy. He was succeeded as king of Gwynedd by his son Owain Gwynedd. His daughter, Gwenllian, who married Gruffydd ap Rhys of Deheubarth, son of his old ally Rhys ap Tewdwr, is also notable for her resistance to English rule.
Children Cadwallon ap Gruffydd (killed 1132) Owain Gwynedd, married (1) Gwladus (Gladys) ferch Llywarch, daughter of Llywarch ap Trahaearn (2) Cristin ferch Goronwy, daughter of Goronwy ab Owain Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd, married Alice de Clare, daughter of Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare Susanna, married Madog ap Maredudd, prince of Powys Gwenllian, married Gruffydd ap Rhys, prince of Deheubarth
References R.R. Davies (1991). The age of conquest: Wales 1063-1415. O.U.P. ISBN 0-19-820198-2. Simon Evans (1990). A Mediaeval Prince of Wales: the Life of Gruffudd Ap Cynan. Llanerch Enterprises. ISBN 0-947992-58-8. Arthur Jones (1910). The history of Gruffydd ap Cynan: the Welsh text with translation, introduction and notes. Manchester University Press. . Translation online at The Celtic Literature Collective K.L. Maund (ed) (1996). Gruffudd ap Cynan : a collaborative biography. Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-389-5. Kari Maund (ed) (2006). The Welsh kings:warriors, warlords and princes. Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-2973-6. Paul Russell (ed) (2006). Vita Griffini Filii Conani: The Medieval Latin Life of Gruffudd Ap Cynan. University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-1893-2. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis, Lines: 176B-26, 239-5

Historical Event: William took seven months to prepare his invasion force, using some 600 transport ships to carry around 7,000 men (including 2,000-3,000 cavalry) across the Channel. On 28 September 1066, with a favourable wind, William landed unopposed at Pevensey and, within a few days, raised fortifications at Hastings. Having defeated an earlier invasion by the King of Norway at the Battle of Stamford Bridge near York in late September, Harold undertook a forced march south, covering 250 miles in some nine days to meet the new threat, gathering inexperienced reinforcements to replenish his exhausted veterans as he marched.

At the Battle of Senlac (near Hastings) on 14 October, Harold's weary and under-strength army faced William's cavalry (part of the forces brought across the Channel) supported by archers. Despite their exhaustion, Harold's troops were equal in number (they included the best infantry in Europe equipped with their terrible two-handled battle axes) and they had the battlefield advantage of being based on a ridge above the Norman positions.
The first uphill assaults by the Normans failed and a rumour spread that William had been killed; William rode among the ranks raising his helmet to show he was still alive. The battle was close-fought: a chronicler described the Norman counter-attacks and the Saxon defence as 'one side attacking with all mobility, the other withstanding as though rooted to the soil'. Three of William's horses were killed under him.
William skilfully co-ordinated his archers and cavalry, both of which the English forces lacked. During a Norman assault, Harold was killed - hit by an arrow and then mowed down by the sword of a mounted knight. Two of his brothers were also killed. The demoralised English forces fled.
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