Family Tree Welborn » Rodrigo ·ÄúEl Cid Campeador·Äù Diaz de Vivar Bibar pr√≠ncipe de Valencia (± 1043-± 1099)

Persönliche Daten Rodrigo ·ÄúEl Cid Campeador·Äù Diaz de Vivar Bibar pr√≠ncipe de Valencia 

• Er wurde geboren rund 1043 in Castillona De Vivar, Burgos, Castilla-Leon, Spain.Quellen 2, 3, 4, 5
• Er ist verstorben rund 10. Juli 1099 in Valencia, Espa√±a.

  Killed In Battle With Moslem Berbers At Valencia, Pais Valenciano, Spain

• Er wurde beerdigt in Catedral de Burgos, Castilla, Espa√±a.
• Alternative: Er wurde beerdigt in Burgos, Provincia de Burgos, Castilla y Le√≥n, Spain.Quellen 2, 5
• Ein Kind von Diego La√≠nez und Teresa Rodríguez √Ålvarez de Amaya
• Diese Information wurde zuletzt aktualisiert am 28. Februar 2024.

Familie von Rodrigo လEl Cid Campeadorဝ Diaz de Vivar Bibar príncipe de Valencia

Er ist verheiratet mit Ximena Jimena ·ÄúDona·Äù Diaz (de Oviedo Las Asturias).

Sie haben geheiratet Juli 1075.

Kind(er):

1. Elvira Ximena Cristina "Do√±a Elvira" de Monzón Moncon De Rodriguez De Bivar Vivar  ± 1075-± 1130 
2. Maria Rodriguez de Vivar  1084-1106 

Notizen bei Rodrigo လEl Cid Campeadorဝ Diaz de Vivar Bibar príncipe de Valencia

Rodrigo 'el Cid' Díaz de Vivar, príncipe de Valencia
Spanish: Mio Cid Campeador Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, príncipe de Valencia
Gender:
Male
Birth:
1043
Vivar del Cid, Burgos, Castile and León, Spain
Death:
July 10, 1099 (55-56)
Valencia, Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain (He died in Valencia )
Place of Burial:
Catedral de Burgos, Castilla, España (Spain)

Immediate Family:
Son of Diego Laínez, Se√±or de Vivar and Teresa Rodríguez √Ålvarez de Amaya

Husband of Jimena Díaz, se√±ora de Valencia

Father of Elvira Cristina Rodriguez Diaz de Vivar; Diego Rodríguez de Vivar and María Díaz de Vivar, Comtessa consort de Barcelona

https://www.geni.com/people/Rodrigo-Díaz-de-Vivar-príncipe-de-Valencia/5666856869970026974

·Äî·Äî-·Äî·ÄîMatrilineal·Äî·Äî·Äî·Äî
Rodrigo 'el Cid' Díaz de Vivar, príncipe de Valencia is your 27th great grandfather.
You ¬â€  ·Üí Geneva Allene Welborn (Smith) your mother
·Üí Henry Loyd Smith Sr. her father
·Üí Edith Lucinda Smith (Lee) his mother
·Üí Malissa (Melissa Mariliza) Lee (Allen) her mother
·Üí Matilda Caroline Norwood her mother
·Üí Theophilus Norwood her father
·Üí James Richard Norwood his father
·Üí Theophilus Norwood
his father ·Üí Samuel Norwood, Jr.
his father ·Üí Samuel Norwood, Sr.
his father ·Üí Captain John Norwood, Sr.
his father ·Üí Richard Northwood of Leckhampton
his father ·Üí Elizabeth Norwood (Lygon)
his mother ·Üí Eleanor Lygon (Dennis)
her mother ·Üí Anne Dennis (Berkeley)
her mother ·Üí Maurice Berkeley
her father ·Üí Lady Isabelle Berkeley (de Mowbray)
his mother ·Üí Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk
her father ·Üí John de Mowbray, 4th Baron of Mowbray
his father ·Üí Joan of Lancaster, Baroness de Mowbray <<
his mother ·Üí Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Leicester and Lancaster <<
her father ·Üí Blanche of Artois
his mother ·Üí Robert I the Good, count of Artois
her father ·Üí Blanche de Castille, reine consort de France
his mother ·Üí Alfonso VIII the Noble Sanchez, king of Castile
her father ·Üí Blanca de Navarra, reina consorte de Castilla
his mother ·Üí García Ramírez V ·Äúel Restaurador·Äù, Rey de Navarra y Pamplona
her father ·Üí Elvira Cristina Rodriguez Diaz de Vivar <<
his mother ·Üí Rodrigo 'el Cid' Díaz de Vivar, príncipe de Valencia
her father

·Äî·Äî·Äî·Äî·ÄîPatrilineal·Äî·Äî·Äî·Äî
Rodrigo el Cid Campeador Díaz de Vivar is your 28th great grandfather.
You ¬â€  ·Üí Henry Marvin Welborn your father
·Üí Henry Marvin Welborn, Sr. his father
·Üí Francis "Fannie" Pernerviane Welborn (Davis) his mother
·Üí Primma M. Davis (Pridgen)
her mother ·Üí Joel Pridgen
her father ·Üí Piety Mourning Tisdale
his mother ·Üí Mary Tisdale (Flowers)
her mother ·Üí Edward Flowers
her father ·Üí Henry Flowers
his father ·Üí Jacob Flowers
his father ·Üí Capt. John Flower
his father ·Üí John Flower, I
his father ·Üí Christopher Flower (Flowers)
his father ·Üí John Flower, IV
his father ·Üí John Flower, III
his father ·Üí John Flower, II
his father ·Üí Sir John Flower, I
his father ·Üí Robert Flower
his father ·Üí Roger Flower
his father ·Üí Sir William Flore
his father ·Üí Isabel Plantagenet <<
his mother ·Üí Henry of Lancaster
her father ·Üí Blanche of Artois
his mother ·Üí Robert I the Good, count of Artois
her father ·Üí Blanche de Castille, reine consort de France
his mother ·Üí Alfonso VIII the Noble Sanchez, king of Castile
her father ·Üí Blanca de Navarra, reina consorte de Castilla
his mother ·Üí García Ramírez V ·Äúel Restaurador·Äù, Rey de Navarra y Pamplona
her father ·Üí Elvira Cristina Rodriguez Diaz de Vivar <<
his mother ·Üí Rodrigo el Cid Campeador Díaz de Vivar
her father

https://www.geni.com/people/Rodrigo-el-Cid-Campeador-D%C3%ADaz-de-Vivar/5666856869970026974

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Cid

Title El Cid's charter of donation to the Cathedral of Valencia (1098). His signature is shown closeup in the image below. The name El Cid (Spanish: [el 'Õ∏id]) comes from the article el (meaning "the" in both Spanish and Arabic), and the dialectal Arabic word ׳ÿäâ—ŠØ s√Ædi or sayyid, which means "Lord" or "The Master". The title Campeador means "champion" or "challenger" in Spanish. Because of his exceeding prowess in arms, he was the natural challenger in single combats. In Spanish warfare, it was common for leaders of armies to pit two Champions against each other (similar to the story of David and Goliath) to determine the outcome of the conflict. This way neither side would lose a great number of men. The Cid was the champion of King Alfonso IV of Castile. He had gained the title of "Campeador" when he fought on behalf of Alfonso against the forces of Granada. He defeated his enemy disastrously, gathered much treasure, and captured Count García Ord√≥√±ez, leader of the Granadian army. He pulled Ord√≥√±ez' beard in the ultimate insult of those days, then returned to Burgos, the Castilian capital.

Life and career
El Cid's signature: Ego Ruderico, "I, Rodrigo".
Origins
El Cid was born 1043 AD in Vivar, also known as Castillona de Bivar, a small town about six miles north of Burgos, the capital of Castile. His father, Diego Laínez, was a courtier, bureaucrat, and cavalryman who had fought in several battles. Despite the fact that El Cid's mother's family was aristocratic, in later years the peasants would consider him one of their own. However, his relatives were not major court officials; documents show that El Cid's paternal grandfather, Lain, confirmed only five documents of Ferdinand I's, his maternal grandfather, Rodrigo Alvarez, certified only two of Sancho II's, and El Cid's own father confirmed only one.

Service under Sancho II
First paragraph of the Carmen Campidoctoris, the earliest literary treatment of El Cid's life, written by a Catalan partisan to celebrate El Cid's defeat of Berenguer Ramón. As a young adult in 1057, Rodrigo fought against the Moorish stronghold of Zaragoza, making its emir al-Muqtadir a vassal of Sancho. In the spring of 1063, Rodrigo fought in the Battle of Graus, where Ferdinand's half-brother, Ramiro I of Aragon, was laying siege to the Moorish town of Cinca which was in Zaragozan lands. Al-Muqtadir, accompanied by Castilian troops including El Cid, fought against the Aragonese. The party would emerge victorious; Ramiro I was killed and the Aragonese fled the field. One legend has said that during the conflict, El Cid killed an Aragonese knight in single combat, thereby receiving the honorific title Campeador.

When Ferdinand died, Sancho continued to enlarge his territory, conquering both Christian and the Moorish cities of Zamora and Badajoz. When Sancho learned that Alfonso was planning on overthrowing him in order to gain his territory, Sancho sent Cid to bring Alfonso back so that Sancho could speak to him.

Service under Alfonso VI
Sancho was assassinated in 1072, as the result of a pact between his brother Alfonso and his sister Urraca; In any case, since Sancho died unmarried and childless, all of his power passed to his brother Alfonso.

Almost immediately, Alfonso returned from exile in Toledo and took his seat as king of Castile and León. He was deeply suspected in Castile, probably correctly, of having been involved in Sancho's murder. According to the epic of El Cid, the Castilian nobility led by El Cid and a dozen "oath-helpers" forced Alfonso to swear publicly in front of Santa Gadea (Saint Agatha) Church in Burgos on holy relics multiple times that he did not participate in the plot to kill his brother. This is widely reported [who?] as truth, but contemporary documents on the lives of both Rodrigo Diaz and Alfonso VI of Castile and León do not mention any such event. El Cid's position as armiger regis was taken away and given to El Cid's enemy, Count García Ordóñez.

Exile
In the Battle of Cabra (1079), El Cid rallied his troops and turned the battle into a rout of Emir Abdulallh of Granada and his ally García Ord√≥√±ez. However, El Cid's unauthorized expedition into Granada greatly angered Alfonso, and May 8, 1080, was the last time El Cid confirmed a document in King Alfonso's court. This is the generally given reason for El Cid's exile, although several others are plausible and may have been contributing factors: jealous nobles turning Alfonso against El Cid, Alfonso's own animosity towards El Cid, and an accusation of pocketing some of the tribute from Seville.

At first he went to Barcelona, where Ramón Berenguer II (1076·Äì1082) and Berenguer Ramón II (1076·Äì1097) refused his offer of service. Then he journeyed to the Taifa of Zaragoza where he received a warmer welcome by its diverse and well cultured inhabitants.

El Cid depicted on the title page of a sixteenth-century working of his story.According to Moorish accounts:
Andalusian Knights found El Cid their foe ill, thirsty and exiled from the court of Alfonso, he was presented before the elderly Yusuf al-Mu'taman ibn Hud and accepted command of the forces of the Taifa of Zaragoza as their Master.

However, the exile was not the end of El Cid, either physically or as an important figure. In 1081, El Cid, went on to offer his services to the Moorish king of the northeast Al-Andalus city of Zaragoza, Yusuf al-Mu'taman ibn Hud, and served both him and his successor, Al-Mustain II. He was given the title El Cid (The Master) and served as a leading figure in a vibrant Moorish force consisting of Muladis, Berbers, Arabs and Malians.

O'Callaghan writes:
That kingdom was divided between al-Mutamin (1081ဓ1085) who ruled Zaragoza proper, and his brother al-Mundhir, who ruled Lérida and Tortosa. El Cid entered al-Mutamin's service and successfully defended Zaragoza against the assaults of al-Mundhir, Sancho I of Aragón, and Ramón Berenguer II, whom he held captive briefly in 1082. In 1084, El Cid and the Moorish armies defeated Sancho of Aragon at the Battle of Morella near Tortosa. He was then troubled by the fierce conflicts between the Muladis of Badajoz and the Arabs of Seville.

In 1086, the Almoravid invasion of the Iberian Peninsula through and around Gibraltar began. The Almoravids, Berber residents of present-day North Africa, led by Yusuf ibn Tashfin, were asked to help defend the divided Moors from Alfonso. El Cid had probably commanded a large Moorish force during the great Battle of Sagrajas, which took place in 1086, near the Taifa of Badajoz. The Almoravid and Andalusian Taifas, including the armies of Badajoz, Málaga, Granada, Tortosa and Seville, defeated a combined army of León, Aragón and Castile.

Terrified after his crushing defeat, Alfonso recalled from exile the best Christian general: El Cid. It has been shown that El Cid was at court on July 1087; however, what happened after that is unclear.

Around this time, El Cid, with a combined Christian and Moorish army, began maneuvering in order to create his own fiefdom in the Moorish Mediterranean coastal city of Valencia. Several obstacles lay in his way. First was Berenguer Ram√≥n II, who ruled nearby Barcelona. In May 1090, El Cid defeated and captured Berenguer in the Battle of T√©bar (nowadays Pinar de T√©var, near Monroyo, Teruel). Berenguer was later released and his nephew Ramón Berenguer III married El Cid's youngest daughter Maria to ward against future conflicts.

Along the way to Valencia, El Cid also conquered other towns, many of which were near Valencia, such as Castejón and Alucidia.

El Cid gradually came to have more influence on Valencia, then ruled by al-Qadir. In October 1092 an uprising occurred in Valencia inspired by the city's chief judge Ibn Jahhaf and the Almoravids. El Cid began a siege of Valencia. A December 1093 attempt to break the siege failed. By the time the siege ended in May 1094, El Cid had carved out his own principality on the coast of the Mediterranean. Officially El Cid ruled in the name of Alfonso; in reality, El Cid was fully independent. The city was both Christian and Muslim, and both Moors and Christians served in the army and as administrators.

Death
El Cid and his wife Jimena Díaz lived peacefully in Valencia for three years until the Almoravids besieged the city. El Cid was fighting one of the men when he was shot in the heart with an arrow. Valencia's troops were losing spirit when Jimena thought if she set the corpse of El Cid atop his horse Babieca, the morale of Valencia's troops would soar. Alfonso ordered the city burned to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Almoravids. Valencia was captured by Masdali on May 5, 1102 and it did not become a Christian city again for over 125 years. Jimena fled to Burgos with her husband's body. Originally buried in Castile in the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeña, his body now lies at the center of the Burgos Cathedral.

Warrior and general
Battle tactics
During his campaigns, El Cid often ordered that books by classic Roman and Greek authors on military themes be read aloud to him and his troops, for both entertainment and inspiration before battle. El Cid's army had a novel approach to planning strategy as well, holding what might be called brainstorming sessions before each battle to discuss tactics. They frequently used unexpected strategies, engaging in what modern generals would call psychological warfare ·Äî waiting for the enemy to be paralyzed with terror and then attacking them suddenly; distracting the enemy with a small group of soldiers, etc. (El Cid used this distraction in capturing the town of Castej√≥n as depicted in Cantar de Mio Cid (The Song of my Cid)). El Cid accepted or included suggestions from his troops. In The Song the man who served him as his closest adviser was his vassal and kinsman √Ålvar F√°âˆš±ez "Minaya" (meaning "My brother", a compound word of Spanish possessive Mi (My) and Anaia, the basque word for brother), although the historical √Ålvar F√°âˆš±ez remained in Castile with Alfonso VI.

Taken together, these practices imply an educated and intelligent commander who was able to attract and inspire good subordinates, and who would have attracted considerable loyalty from his followers, including those who were not Christian. It is these qualities, coupled with El Cid's legendary martial abilities, which have fueled his reputation as an outstanding battlefield commander.

Babieca
Tomb of Babieca at the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeña.
Babieca or Bavieca was El Cid's warhorse. Several stories exist about El Cid and Babieca. One well-known legend about El Cid describes how he acquired the stallion. According to this story, Rodrigo's godfather, Pedro El Grande, was a monk at a Carthusian monastery. Pedro's coming-of-age gift to El Cid was his pick of a horse from an Andalusian herd. El Cid picked a horse that his godfather thought was a weak, poor choice, causing the monk to exclaim "Babieca!" (stupid!) Hence, it became the name of El Cid's horse. Another legend states that in a competition of battle to become King Sancho's "Campeador", or champion, a knight on horseback wished to challenge El Cid. The King wished a fair fight and gave El Cid his finest horse, Babieca, or Bavieca. This version says Babieca was raised in the royal stables of Seville and was a highly trained and loyal war horse, not a foolish stallion. The name in this instance could suggest that the horse came from the Babia region in León, Spain. In the poem Carmen Campidoctoris, Babieca appears as a gift from "a barbarian" to El Cid, so its name could also be derived from "Barbieca", or "horse of the barbarian".

Regardless, Babieca became a great warhorse, famous to the Christians, feared by El Cid's enemies, and loved by El Cid, who allegedly requested that Babieca be buried with him in the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeña. His name is mentioned in several tales and historical documents about El Cid, including The Lay of El Cid.

Swords Tizona
A weapon traditionally identified as El Cid's sword, Tizona, used to be displayed in the Army Museum (Museo del Ejército) in Toledo. In 1999, a small sample of the blade underwent metallurgical analysis which confirmed that the blade was made in Moorish Córdoba in the eleventh century and contained amounts of Damascus steel.

In 2007 the Autonomous Community of Castile and León bought the sword for 1.6 million Euros, and it is currently on display at the Museum of Burgos.

El Cid also had a sword called Colada.

Marriage and family
El Cid was married in July 1075 to Alfonso's kinswoman Jimena Díaz. The Historia Roderici calls her a daughter of a Count Diego of Oviedo, a person unknown to contemporary records, while later poetic sources name her father as an otherwise unknown Count Gomez de Gormaz.

Tradition states that when El Cid first laid eyes on her, he was enamored of her great beauty. Together El Cid and Jimena had three children. Their daughters Cristina and Mar√≠a both married into the high nobility; Cristina to Ramiro, Lord of Monz√≥n, grandson of García S√°nchez III of Navarre via an illegitimate son; María, first (it is said) to a prince of Aragon (presumably the son of Peter I) and second to Ramón Berenguer III, count of Barcelona. El Cid's son Diego Rodríguez was killed while fighting against the invading Muslim Almoravids from North Africa at the Battle of Consuegra (1097).

El Cid's own marriage and those of his daughters raised his status by connecting him to the peninsular royalty; even today, most European monarchs and many commoners of European ancestry descend from El Cid, through Cristina's son, King García Ramírez of Navarre and to a lesser extent via a granddaughter Jimena of Barcelona, who married into the Counts of Foix.

References
1Barton, Simon and Richard Fletcher (2000). The World of El Cid: Chronicles of the Spanish Reconquest. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. ISBN¬â€ 9780719052262.
2Fee, Christopher R. (2011). Mythology in the Middle Ages: Heroic Tales of Monsters, Magic, and Might. ABC-CLIO. p.¬â€ 161. ISBN¬â€ 9780275984069.
3Fletcher, Richard A. (1989). The Quest for El Cid. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp.¬â€ 166·Äì86. ISBN¬â€ 9780195069556.
4María Jes√∫s Viguera Molins, ¬´El Cid en las fuentes √°rabes¬ª, in C√©sar Hern√°ndez Alonso (coord.), Actas del Congreso Internacional el Cid, Poema e Historia (12·Äì16 de julio de 1999), Ayuntamiento de Burgos, 2000, p√°gs. 55·Äì92. ISBN¬â€ 84-87876-41-2
5See Ramón Men√©ndez Pidal, ¬´Autógrafos in√©ditos del Cid y de Jimena en dos diplomas de 1098 y 1101¬ª, Revista de Filología Espa√±ola, t. 5 (1918), Madrid, Sucesores de Hernando, 1918. Digital copy Valladolid, Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo. Dirección General de Promociones e Instituciones Culturales, 2009·Äì2010. Original in Archivo de la Catedral de Salamanca, caja 43, legajo 2, n.¬âˆ« 72.
6Alberto Montaner Frutos y √Ångel Escobar, ¬´El Carmen Campidoctoris y la materia cidiana¬ª, in Carmen Campidoctoris o Poema latino del Campeador, Madrid, Sociedad Estatal Espa√±a Nuevo Milenio, 2001, p√°g. 73 [lam.]. ISBN¬â€ 978-84-95486-20-2
7Alberto Montaner Frutos, «Rodrigo el Campeador como princeps en los siglos XI y XII»
8Georges Martin ¬´El primer testimonio cristiano sobre la toma de Valencia (1098)¬ª, en el n√∫mero monogr√°fico ¬´Rodericus Campidoctor¬ª de la revista electrónica e-Spania, n.¬âˆ« 10 (diciembre de 2010). Online since 22 January 2011. Last time visited November 28th 2011. Complete text (Edition of the Latin text) in Jos√© Luis Martín Martín & al., Documentos de los Archivos Catedralicio y Diocesano de Salamanca (siglos XII-XIII), Salamanca, Universidad, 1977, doc. 1, p. 79-81.
9Chaytor, Henry John (1933). "Chapter 3: The Reconquest". A History of Aragon and Catalonia. London: Methuan. pp.¬â€ 39·Äì40.
10The Historia Roderici says that the other two Castilian leaders were Diego P√©rez and Lope S√°nchez. de los Rios, Jos√© Amador (1863). "Capitulo 3: Primeros Monumentos Escritos de la Poesía Castellana (Chapter 3:First Written Monuments of Castilian Poetry)". Historia Crítica de la Literatura Espa√±ola, Tomo III, (II Parte, Subciclo I) (The History and Criticism of Spanish Literature, Volume III, (Second Part, subpart I)) (in Spanish). Madrid, Spain: J. Rodriguez. p.¬â€ 104.
11El Cid, Battle of Sagrajas
12Perea Rodríguez, √ìscar. "Díaz de Vivar, Rodrigo o El Cid (1043·Äì1099)". Retrieved 23 April 2012.
13Alonso, J. I. Garcia; Martinez, J. A.; Criado, A. J. (1999). "Origin of El Cid's sword revealed by ICP-MS metal analysis". Spectroscopy Europe. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 11 (4).

Primary
·Ä¢Kurtz, Barbara E. El Cid. University of Illinois.
·Ä¢I. Michael. The Poem of El Cid. Manchester: 1975.
·Ä¢The Song of El Cid. Translated by Burton Raffel. Penguin Classics, 2009.
·Ä¢Cantar de mío Cid ·Äì Spanish (free PDF)
·Ä¢Poema de Mio Cid, Códice de Per Abbat in the European Library (third item on page)
·Ä¢R. Selden Rose and Leonard Bacon (trans.) The Lay of El Cid. Semicentennial Publications of the University of California: 1868·Äì1918. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997.
·Ä¢Romancero e historia del muy valeroso caballero El Cid Ruy Díaz de Vibar (1828)
·Ä¢Cronica del muy efforcado cavallero el Cid ruy diaz campeador (1533)

Secondary (not cited)
·Ä¢Simon Barton and Richard Fletcher. The world of El Cid, Chronicles of the Spanish reconquest. Manchester: University Press, 2000. ISBN¬â€ 0-7190-5225-4 hardback, ISBN¬â€ 0-7190-5226-2 paperback.
·Ä¢Gonzalo Martínez Díez, "El Cid Histórico: Un Estudio Exhaustivo Sobre el Verdadero Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar", Editorial Planeta (Spain, June 1999). ISBN¬â€ 84-08-03161-9
·Ä¢C. Melville and A. Ubaydli (ed. and trans.), Christians and Moors in Spain, vol. III, Arabic sources (711·Äì1501). (Warminster, 1992).
·Ä¢Joseph F. O'Callaghan. A History of Medieval Spain. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1975
·Ä¢Peter Pierson. The History of Spain. Ed. John E. Findling and Frank W. Thacheray. Wesport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1999. 34·Äì36.
·Ä¢Bernard F. Reilly. The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065·Äì1109 Princeton, New Jersey: University Press, 1988.
·Ä¢Steven Thomas. 711·Äì1492: Al-Andalus and the Reconquista.
·Ä¢M. J. Trow,El Cid The Making of a Legend, Sutton Publishing Limited, 2007.
·Ä¢Henry Edwards Watts. "The Story of El Cid (1026·Äì1099)" in The Christian Recovery of Spain: The Story of Spain from the Moorish Conquest to the Fall of Granada (711·Äì1492 AD). New York: Putnam, 1894. 71·Äì91.
·Ä¢T.Y. Henderson. "Conquests Of Valencia"
·Ä¢J. I. Garcia Alonso, J. A. Martinez, A. J. Criado, "Origin of El Cid's sword revealed by ICP-MS metal analysis", Spectroscopy Europe, 11/4 (1999).

Õïxternal links
·Ä¢ Media related to El Cid at Wikimedia Commons
·Ä¢Information about The Route of El Cid ·Äì English
·Ä¢¬â€ "Cid, The". Encyclop√¶dia Britannica. 6 (11th ed.). 1911. pp.¬â€ 361·Äì362.

El Cid and his wife Jimena Díaz lived peacefully in Valencia for five years until the Almoravids besieged the city. El Cid died on June 10, 1099. His death was likely a result of the famine and deprivations caused by the siege.

Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar , better known as El Cid Campeador ("The Lord Champion"), was born, near Burgos, in 1043 and died in Valencia in 1099 . El Cid is a famous Spanish national folk hero and the embodiment of chivalry and virtue.
=================

Spanish EL CID, also called EL CAMPEADOR ("the Champion"), byname of RODRIGO, or RUY, DÍAZ DE VIVAR (b. c. 1043, Vivar, near Burgos, Castile [Spain]--d. July 10, 1099, Valencia), Castilian military leader and national hero. His popular name, El Cid (from Spanish Arabic as-sid, "lord"), dates from his lifetime.
Early life
Rodrigo Díaz' father, Diego Laínez, was a member of the minor nobility (infanzones) of Castile. But the Cid's social background was less unprivileged than later popular tradition liked to suppose, for he was directly connected on his mother's side with the great landed aristocracy, and he was brought up at the court of Ferdinand I in the household of that king's eldest son, the future Sancho II of Castile. When Sancho succeeded to the Castilian throne (1065), he nominated the 22-year-old Cid as his standard-bearer (armiger regis), or commander of the royal troops. This early promotion to important office suggests that the young Cid had already won a reputation for military prowess. In 1067 he accompanied Sancho on a campaign against the important Moorish kingdom of Saragossa (Zaragoza) and played a leading role in the negotiations that made its king, al-Muqtadir, a tributary of the Castilian crown.
Ferdinand I, on his death, had partitioned his kingdoms among his various children, leaving Leon to his second son, Alfonso VI. Sancho began (1067) to make war on the latter with the aim of annexing Leon. Later legend was to make the Cid a reluctant supporter of Sancho's aggression, but it is unlikely the real Cid had any such scruples. He played a prominent part in Sancho's successful campaigns against Alfonso and so found himself in an awkward situation in 1072, when the childless Sancho was killed while besieging Zamora, leaving the dethroned Alfonso as his only possible heir. The new king appears to have done his best to win the allegiance of Sancho's most powerful supporter. Though the Cid now lost his post as armiger regis to a great magnate, Count García Ord√≥√±ez (whose bitter enemy he became), and his former influence at court naturally declined, he was allowed to remain there; and, in July 1074, probably at Alfonso's instigation, he married the king's niece Jimena, daughter of the Count de Oviedo. He thus became allied by marriage to the ancient royal dynasty of Leon. Very little is known about Jimena. The couple had one son and two daughters. The son, Diego Rodr√≠guez, was killed in battle against the Muslim Almoravid invaders from North Africa, at Consuegra (1097).
The Cid's position at court was, despite his marriage, precarious. He seems to have been thought of as the natural leader of those Castilians who were unreconciled to being ruled by a king of Leon. He certainly resented the influence exercised by the great landed nobles over Alfonso VI. Though his heroic biographers would later present the Cid as the blameless victim of unscrupulous noble enemies and of Alfonso's willingness to listen to unfounded slanders, it seems likely that the Cid's penchant for publicly humiliating powerful men may have largely contributed to his downfall. Though he was later to show himself astute and calculating as both a soldier and a politician, his conduct vis-√†-vis the court suggests that resentment at his loss of influence as a result of Sancho's death may temporarily have undermined his capacity for self-control. In 1079, while on a mission to the Moorish king of Seville, he became embroiled with García Ord√≥√±ez, who was aiding the king of Granada in an invasion of the kingdom of Seville. The Cid defeated the markedly superior Granadine army at Cabra, near Seville, capturing García Ord√≥√±ez. This victory prepared the way for his downfall; and when, in 1081, he led an unauthorized military raid into the Moorish kingdom of Toledo, which was under Alfonso's protection, the king exiled the Cid from his kingdoms. Several subsequent attempts at reconciliation produced no lasting results, and after 1081 the Cid never again was able to live for long in Alfonso VI's dominions.
Service to the Muslims
The exile offered his services to the Muslim dynasty that ruled Saragossa and with which he had first made contact in 1065. The king of Saragossa, in northeastern Spain, al-Mu'tamin, welcomed the chance of having his vulnerable kingdom defended by so prestigious a Christian warrior. The Cid now loyally served al-Mu'tamin and his successor, al-Musta'in II, for nearly a decade. As a result of his experience he gained that understanding of the complexities of Hispano-Arabic politics and of Islamic law and custom that would later help him to conquer and hold Valencia. Meanwhile, he steadily added to his reputation as a general who had never been defeated in battle. In 1082, on behalf of al-Mu'tamin, he inflicted a decisive defeat on the Moorish king of L√©rida and the latter's Christian allies, among them the count of Barcelona. In 1084 he defeated a large Christian army under King Sancho Ramírez of Aragon. He was richly rewarded for these victories by his grateful Muslim masters.
In 1086 there began the great Almoravid invasion of Spain from North Africa. Alfonso VI, crushingly defeated by the invaders at Sagrajas (Oct. 23, 1086) suppressed his antagonism to the Cid and recalled from exile the Christians' best general. The Cid's presence at Alfonso's court in July 1087 is documented. But shortly afterward, he was back in Saragossa, and he was not a participant in the subsequent desperate battles against the Almoravids in the strategic regions where their attacks threatened the whole existence of Christian Spain. The Cid, for his part, now embarked on the lengthy and immensely complicated political maneuvering that was aimed at making him master of the rich Moorish kingdom of Valencia.
Conquest of Valencia
His first step was to eliminate the influence of the counts of Barcelona in that area. This was done when Berenguer Ramón II was humiliatingly defeated at T√©bar, near Teruel (May 1090). During the next years the Cid gradually tightened his control over Valencia and its ruler, al-Qadir, now his tributary. His moment of destiny came in October 1092 when the qadi (chief magistrate), Ibn Jahhaf, with Almoravid political support rebelled and killed al-Qadir. The Cid responded by closely besieging the rebel city. The siege lasted for many months; an Almoravid attempt to break it failed miserably (December 1093). In May 1094 Ibn Jahhaf at last surrendered, and the Cid finally entered Valencia as its conqueror. To facilitate his takeover he characteristically first made a pact with Ibn Jahhaf that led the latter to believe that his acts of rebellion and regicide were forgiven; but when the pact had served its purpose, the Cid arrested the former qadi and ordered him to be burnt alive. The Cid now ruled Valencia directly, himself acting as chief magistrate of the Muslims as well as the Christians. Nominally he held Valencia for Alfonso VI, but in fact he was its independent ruler in all but name. The city's chief mosque was Christianized in 1096; a French bishop, Jerome, was appointed to the new see; and there was a considerable influx of Christian colonists. The Cid's princely status was emphasized when his daughter Cristina married a prince of Aragon, Ramiro, lord of Monz√≥n, and his other daughter, Mar√≠a, married Ram√≥n Berenguer III, count of Barcelona.
Aftermath
The great enterprise to which the Cid had devoted so much of his energies was to prove totally ephemeral. Soon after his death Valencia was besieged by the Almoravids, and Alfonso VI had to intervene in person to save it. But the king rightly judged the place indefensible unless he diverted there permanently large numbers of troops urgently needed to defend the Christian heartlands against the invaders. He evacuated the city and then ordered it to be burned. On May 5, 1102, the Almoravids occupied Valencia, which was to remain in Muslim hands until 1238. The Cid's body was taken to Castile and reburied in the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeña, near Burgos, where it became the centre of a lively tomb cult.
The Cid's biography presents special problems for the historian because he was speedily elevated to the status of national hero of Castile, and a complex heroic biography of him, in which legend played a dominant role, came into existence; the legend was magnified by the influence of the 12th-century epic poem of Castile, El cantar de mío Cid ("The Song of the Cid") and later by Pierre Corneille's tragedy Le Cid, first performed in 1637. For authentic information historians have to rely mainly on a few contemporary documents, on the Historia Roderici (a reliable, private 12th-century Latin chronicle of the Cid's life), and on a detailed eyewitness account of his conquest of Valencia by the Arab historian Ibn 'Alqamah. (P.E.R.)
BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Ramón Men√©ndez Pidal, The Cid and His Spain (1934);
Richard Fletcher, The Quest for El Cid (1989).
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"Cid, the" Britannica Online.
<http://www.eb.com:180/cgi-bin/g?DocF=micro/128/36.html>
https://web.archive.org/web/20040604054322/http://lilt.ilstu.edu/bekurtz/elcid.htm

https://en.caminodelcid.org/cid-history-legend/cid-history/

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