Genealogie Van Zanen » James IV "Iron Belt" Stewart King of Scots (1473-1513)

Persoonlijke gegevens James IV "Iron Belt" Stewart King of Scots 

• Roepnaam is Iron Belt.
• Hij is geboren op 17 maart 1473 in Stirling Castle, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
• Hij werd gedoopt in Prince Of SCOTLAND Duke of Ross.
• Hij is overleden op 9 september 1513 in Flodden Field, Northumberland, England, hij was toen 40 jaar oud.
• Hij is begraven op 19 september 1513 in (Head only) Sheen Monastery (destroyed)London, England.
• Een kind van James III Stewart en Margaret Oldenburg
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 27 november 2013.

Gezin van James IV "Iron Belt" Stewart King of Scots

Notities over James IV "Iron Belt" Stewart King of Scots

Death at Battle Of Flodden, Branxton, Northumberland, England

Because James IV felt guilty for being involved, although unwillingly, in the death of his father, James III, he wore an iron chain around his waist as penance. Every year on the anniversary of his father's death, he added another weight to the belt.
Under James IV, Scotland was very progressive. Major changes were taking place in Europe, including the end of the feudal system. James wanted his realm to take its proper place in the new world. James gave to the Scottish realm the effective power which made it a "new monarchy: His reign was an expression of his own personality and its achievements were largely due to his own vigor and ability. Another university ,the third, was founded at Aberdeen, the printing press came to Scotland, architecture flourished with the remodeling of palaces at Falkirk and Stirling Castle. A navy was established and James felt great pride for the Great Michael, the largest warship ever to have been built in Scotland. He was a true prince of the Renaissance in developing the military power of his country. The people were instructed to practice archery instead of golf and football. James was a learned man with many interests, which included sports, clothes, music, hunting, the arts, and architecture. James granted the barbers and physicians the right to form a guild and the sole right to sell whiskey which was a medicine. Each year the guild was also given the corpse of a hanged criminal in order to learn more about human anatomy. James was interested in surgery and himself extracted a tooth, set a broken leg, bled a patient. He was even interested in alchemy and financed an adventurer who thought he could find out how to produce gold.
It was reported to the King of Spain that James "is exceptionally clever, and can speak Latin, French, German, Flemish, Italian and the barbarian Gaelic, the native tongue of nearly all his subjects. He knows the Bible well and is conversant with most subjects. He is a good historian and reads Latin and French history, committing much to memory. He does not cut his hair or his beard. He is devout and says all his prayers. He maintains that the oath of a king should be his royal word, as was the case in bygone times. He is active and works hard, when he is not at war he hunts in the mountains. He is courageous. I have seen him undertake most dangerous things in the last wars. On such occasions he does not take the least care of himself."
This portrait of the King by the Spaniard may have been exaggerated and he may not have spoken the number of languages that Ayala says.
At the beginning of his reign the Highlands were in turmoil, mainly due to the feud between the MacDonalds and MacKenzies. He visited the Isles six times and finally he took the Lordship of the Isles away from the MacDonalds of Islay and annexed MacDonald lands. He tried to treat the Highland chiefs like Lowland barons but this didn't work. Later he used the strongest clans, the Campbells and the Gordons to keep order. This was successful on a short term but in the long run it did not prove out as this further divided the clans because other chiefs resented the interference.
James was interested in education and made it mandatory for all men of means to send their eldest son to schools to study the arts, law and Latin. His intention was to keep the elite and wealthy in positions of power. It was also mandatory for all young men to train in warfare.
What comes through is the King's love of good government and of his people. His domestic policy was the suppression of disorder and the improvement of governmental machinery.
James wanted to marry Margaret Drummond. However, shortly after the political marriage between himself and Margaret Tudor, Henry VII's daughter, had been proposed to him, Margaret Drummond and her two sisters were found murdered. They had been poisoned. James never forgot her and prayed for her soul for the rest of his life. He married Henry VII's daughter, Margaret Tudor, with whom he had six children, only one of whom survived. This was more of a political marriage, as most were, than a romantic one. He signed the Treaty of Perpetual Peace in Glasgow Cathedral. James was 28 and Margaret 12. The ceremony to receive the young Queen was filled with pageantry and something that Scotland had not seen before. "The queen was dressed in white satin damask bordered with crimson velvet, with a collar of gold and pearls, a present from the King. Her long hair nearly reached the floor. The King was also dressed in white damask with gold trimmings, over a jacket slashed in crimson satin and edged with black velvet." The queen was very unhappy away from her home. Of course, she was just a child.
Ten years after the marriage feast and the declaration of lasting peace between England and Scotland, James once more found himself at war with the English. By the auld alliance James IV was bound to support France so when Henry VIII invaded France, the Scottish king invaded England. He also had some grievances with Henry VIII because he would not send the jewelry that had been promised by Henry VII to Scotland as part of the dowry of Margaret. Another reason was that two Scottish ships had been seized by the English. Henry VIII refused to return them even though James had returned captured English vessels during Henry VII's reign.
His reign ended tragically. He and his army were wiped out at Flodden in 1513. He had gathered an army of 20,000, the most powerful that Scotland had ever put on the field and took it to Norhumbria. The Scots chose an ideal position on Flodden Hill for the battle. The Earl of Surrey who was a skillful general was in command of the English army. He realized that he had to make the Scots change position and so he marched his army to the north, cutting of their retreat. The Scots were arranged in five groups, like Bruce's formation at Bannockburn. The English were divided into two groups. The Scots had cannons but they were very unwieldy, not like the much lighter artillery of the English. Also, the English had expert German gunners at the cannons. The English shot great gaps in the ranks of the Scots. Instead of letting the English come up the hill to him, he chose to advance down the hill. The ground was slippery and the Scots could not remain a wall of spears coming toward the English. The Scots spears were 19 feet long and the English used shorter axe-like weapons which were easier to use. The central part of his army had almost reached the Earl of Surrey when James was killed. At the end of the battle at nightfall, more than 10,000 brave Scots lay dead on Flodden Hill, including the King, the Archbishop of St. Andrews, two bishops, three abbots, nine earls, fourteen lords and three Highland chiefs. Their bodies were buried in deep pits and a monument stands now to commemorate the battle and their loss.
St. Pauls Church near the battlefield has printed a booklet about the battle. It says, in part:
"Thus ended the last medieval battle to be found on English soil. Never again were knights to fight in armor, their personal standards flying. Never again were arrows, swords and spears to be the decisive weapons. Small arms, still unknown at Flodden, would gradually take their place."
When James died, the people of Edinburgh felt they would never be safe from the English unless they protected themselves. They started building fortifications but the English did not attack again. The wall that was completed around the city was named Flodden Wall. Some parts of it can still be seen.
Scotland never fully recovered from the defeat. James was a popular king, the greatest by far of all the house of Stewart. He does not deserve the blame which tradition has accorded to him. It was Henry, not James, who was responsible for the war and one reason that he was ill prepared was that he strove to keep the peace to the very last. His campaign was not at fault. His defeat in battle was primarily due to the fact that his ill organized force, numerically not much more than that of the enemy, was not adequate for its task.. So many died with him, including his brilliant bastard son, the Archbishop of St. Andrews. Again, the country was to suffer the uncertainties of a long minority for James V was only 17 months old.
James's body was disembowelled, embalmed and sent to London. His body, grotesquely preserved, was kept in the Monastery of Sheen, then thrown in a lumber room. Years later itt was discovered by workmen who cut off the head and used it for a macabre plaything. It was passed from one English noble to another for years, until it was finally buried in an anonymous grave

Because James IV felt guilty for being involved, although unwillingly, in the death of his father, James III, he wore an iron chain around his waist as penance. Every year on the anniversary of his father's death, he added another weight to the belt.
Under James IV, Scotland was very progressive. Major changes were taking place in Europe, including the end of the feudal system. James wanted his realm to take its proper place in the new world. James gave to the Scottish realm the effective power which made it a "new monarchy: His reign was an expression of his own personality and its achievements were largely due to his own vigor and ability. Another university ,the third, was founded at Aberdeen, the printing press came to Scotland, architecture flourished with the remodeling of palaces at Falkirk and Stirling Castle. A navy was established and James felt great pride for the Great Michael, the largest warship ever to have been built in Scotland. He was a true prince of the Renaissance in developing the military power of his country. The people were instructed to practice archery instead of golf and football. James was a learned man with many interests, which included sports, clothes, music, hunting, the arts, and architecture. James granted the barbers and physicians the right to form a guild and the sole right to sell whiskey which was a medicine. Each year the guild was also given the corpse of a hanged criminal in order to learn more about human anatomy. James was interested in surgery and himself extracted a tooth, set a broken leg, bled a patient. He was even interested in alchemy and financed an adventurer who thought he could find out how to produce gold.
It was reported to the King of Spain that James "is exceptionally clever, and can speak Latin, French, German, Flemish, Italian and the barbarian Gaelic, the native tongue of nearly all his subjects. He knows the Bible well and is conversant with most subjects. He is a good historian and reads Latin and French history, committing much to memory. He does not cut his hair or his beard. He is devout and says all his prayers. He maintains that the oath of a king should be his royal word, as was the case in bygone times. He is active and works hard, when he is not at war he hunts in the mountains. He is courageous. I have seen him undertake most dangerous things in the last wars. On such occasions he does not take the least care of himself."
This portrait of the King by the Spaniard may have been exaggerated and he may not have spoken the number of languages that Ayala says.
At the beginning of his reign the Highlands were in turmoil, mainly due to the feud between the MacDonalds and MacKenzies. He visited the Isles six times and finally he took the Lordship of the Isles away from the MacDonalds of Islay and annexed MacDonald lands. He tried to treat the Highland chiefs like Lowland barons but this didn't work. Later he used the strongest clans, the Campbells and the Gordons to keep order. This was successful on a short term but in the long run it did not prove out as this further divided the clans because other chiefs resented the interference.
James was interested in education and made it mandatory for all men of means to send their eldest son to schools to study the arts, law and Latin. His intention was to keep the elite and wealthy in positions of power. It was also mandatory for all young men to train in warfare.
What comes through is the King's love of good government and of his people. His domestic policy was the suppression of disorder and the improvement of governmental machinery.
James wanted to marry Margaret Drummond. However, shortly after the political marriage between himself and Margaret Tudor, Henry VII's daughter, had been proposed to him, Margaret Drummond and her two sisters were found murdered. They had been poisoned. James never forgot her and prayed for her soul for the rest of his life. He married Henry VII's daughter, Margaret Tudor, with whom he had six children, only one of whom survived. This was more of a political marriage, as most were, than a romantic one. He signed the Treaty of Perpetual Peace in Glasgow Cathedral. James was 28 and Margaret 12. The ceremony to receive the young Queen was filled with pageantry and something that Scotland had not seen before. "The queen was dressed in white satin damask bordered with crimson velvet, with a collar of gold and pearls, a present from the King. Her long hair nearly reached the floor. The King was also dressed in white damask with gold trimmings, over a jacket slashed in crimson satin and edged with black velvet." The queen was very unhappy away from her home. Of course, she was just a child.
Ten years after the marriage feast and the declaration of lasting peace between England and Scotland, James once more found himself at war with the English. By the auld alliance James IV was bound to support France so when Henry VIII invaded France, the Scottish king invaded England. He also had some grievances with Henry VIII because he would not send the jewelry that had been promised by Henry VII to Scotland as part of the dowry of Margaret. Another reason was that two Scottish ships had been seized by the English. Henry VIII refused to return them even though James had returned captured English vessels during Henry VII's reign.
His reign ended tragically. He and his army were wiped out at Flodden in 1513. He had gathered an army of 20,000, the most powerful that Scotland had ever put on the field and took it to Norhumbria. The Scots chose an ideal position on Flodden Hill for the battle. The Earl of Surrey who was a skillful general was in command of the English army. He realized that he had to make the Scots change position and so he marched his army to the north, cutting of their retreat. The Scots were arranged in five groups, like Bruce's formation at Bannockburn. The English were divided into two groups. The Scots had cannons but they were very unwieldy, not like the much lighter artillery of the English. Also, the English had expert German gunners at the cannons. The English shot great gaps in the ranks of the Scots. Instead of letting the English come up the hill to him, he chose to advance down the hill. The ground was slippery and the Scots could not remain a wall of spears coming toward the English. The Scots spears were 19 feet long and the English used shorter axe-like weapons which were easier to use. The central part of his army had almost reached the Earl of Surrey when James was killed. At the end of the battle at nightfall, more than 10,000 brave Scots lay dead on Flodden Hill, including the King, the Archbishop of St. Andrews, two bishops, three abbots, nine earls, fourteen lords and three Highland chiefs. Their bodies were buried in deep pits and a monument stands now to commemorate the battle and their loss.
St. Pauls Church near the battlefield has printed a booklet about the battle. It says, in part:
"Thus ended the last medieval battle to be found on English soil. Never again were knights to fight in armor, their personal standards flying. Never again were arrows, swords and spears to be the decisive weapons. Small arms, still unknown at Flodden, would gradually take their place."
When James died, the people of Edinburgh felt they would never be safe from the English unless they protected themselves. They started building fortifications but the English did not attack again. The wall that was completed around the city was named Flodden Wall. Some parts of it can still be seen.
Scotland never fully recovered from the defeat. James was a popular king, the greatest by far of all the house of Stewart. He does not deserve the blame which tradition has accorded to him. It was Henry, not James, who was responsible for the war and one reason that he was ill prepared was that he strove to keep the peace to the very last. His campaign was not at fault. His defeat in battle was primarily due to the fact that his ill organized force, numerically not much more than that of the enemy, was not adequate for its task.. So many died with him, including his brilliant bastard son, the Archbishop of St. Andrews. Again, the country was to suffer the uncertainties of a long minority for James V was only 17 months old.
James's body was disembowelled, embalmed and sent to London. His body, grotesquely preserved, was kept in the Monastery of Sheen, then thrown in a lumber room. Years later itt was discovered by workmen who cut off the head and used it for a macabre plaything. It was passed from one English noble to another for years, until it was finally buried in an anonymous grave

JAMES IV, KING OF SCOTS (1473-1513)
The misfortune that brought James IV to the throne caused him to wear an iron chain around his body as a penance. Any doubts about his immaturity and fitness to govern soon disappeared, however, and he proved himself a strong leader, defeating those who opposed him. No doubt because of James's personality and interest in the arts, the great European scholar Erasmus (for a time tutor to one of the king's illegitimate sons) praised the king's intellect and knowledge. An Act of Parliament made it compulsory for men of substance to have their sons educated in arts and law and in 1508 the printing press was introduced into Scotland.

Though much of the Scottish nobility, especially in the Lowlands was switching to English, James learned to speak Gaelic, the language of the Highlands and Western Isles. His country enjoyed enormous prestige, holding the balance of power between ever-warring England and France. He believed that Scotland could lead the way in the glorious cause of freeing Constantinople from Turkish rule. Accordingly, he had the mighty warship the Michael constructed, thus setting in motion the beginnings of a Scottish shipbuilding industry that in later times would become the envy of the world.

In 1501, James chose Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII, as his bride following an agreement between the two kings that promised a treaty of perpetual peace and was blessed by the Pope. His continued efforts as peacemaker gave him the title Rex Pacificator. All seemed well in Scotland. Then the dam burst.

England was ruled by the ambitious and ruthless Henry VIII (James's father-in-law), who had entered into an alliance against France with the Pope, the King of Spain and the Doge of Venice. Convinced that the survival of France was essential to the stability of the whole continent, James did not join this alliance. Instead, he renewed the "Auld Alliance" with France that had begun in 1422 under the regency of Albany. When France appealed to its new Scottish partner for help, James foolishly sent an ultimatum to the English king.

Henry's response was typical. He declared himself "the verie owner of Scotland" a land he considered to be held by the Scottish king in homage. James marched south at the head of a large army to teach him a lesson. The result was Flodden, one of the most disastrous battles in Scottish history. James was killed, along with his natural son Alexander, thousands of the best and brightest of Scotland's young men, many of its bravest Highland chiefs, great church leaders and much of its nobility, not to mention the countless dead among the poor peasant ranks (that made up most of the armies of the period) whose losses were felt throughout the land on farm and croft. The outcome of the battle was felt for many years to come and resentments (and the desire for revenge) lasted for centuries.

Reigned as King of Scotland from 1488-1513.

James IV of Scotland
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

James IV (March 17, 1473 – September 9, 1513) was king of Scotland from 1488 to 1513.

The son of King James III and Margaret of Denmark, he was probably born in Stirling Castle. When his father was killed at the Battle of Sauchieburn on June 11, 1488 (or possibly assassinated a few hours later) the fifteen-year-old James took the throne and was crowned at Scone, Perthshire on June 24. The rebels who had gathered at Sauchieburn had done so with James supposedly as their figurehead. When James realised the indirect role which he had played in the death of his father, he decided to do penance for his sin. From that date on he wore a heavy iron chain round his waist next to the skin as a constant reminder.

James IV quickly proved to be an effective ruler. He defeated another rebellion in 1489, took a direct interest in the administration of justice and finally brought the Lord of the Isles under control in 1493. James was well educated and it was claimed that he was fluent in Lowland Scots, English, Scottish Gaelic, Latin, French, German, Italian, Flemish, Spanish and Danish.

He was a true Renaissance prince with an interest in practical and scientific matters. James granted the Edinburgh College of Surgeons a royal charter in 1506, turned Edinburgh Castle into one of Britain's foremost gun foundries and welcomed the establishment of Scotland's first printing press in 1507.

James also loved ships and saw the importance in Scotland having a large navy. He acquired thirty-eight ships for the Royal Scottish Navy and founded two new dockyards. His finest creation was the carrack Great Michael. Launched in 1511 she weighed 1,000 tons, was 240 feet in length and was then the largest ship in Europe.

For a time he supported the pretender to the English throne Perkin Warbeck and carried out a brief invasion of England on his behalf. Having fought off the aggression of King Henry VII of England, James recognized that peace between Scotland and England was in the interest of both countries, and so attempted to maintain peace with his neighbour by agreeing a treaty of "perpetual peace" in 1502 and marrying Henry's daughter Margaret Tudor, on August 8, 1503, at Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh. The couple's first three children all died in infancy. Their son James V survived, and he also had a posthumous son, Alexander, who died in infancy.

When war broke out between England and France as a result of the Italian Wars, James found himself in a difficult position. The new king of England, Henry VIII, attempted to invade France in 1513, and James reacted by declaring war on England. Hoping to take advantage of Henry's absence, he led an invading army southward, only to be killed, with many of his nobles and common soldiers, at the disastrous Battle of Flodden Field on September 9, ending Scotland's involvement in the War of the League of Cambrai. A body thought to be his was recovered from the battlefield and taken to London for burial. As he was excommunicated, the embalmed body lay unburied for many years in the monastery of Sheen in Surrey, and was lost after the Reformation.

Rumors persisted that he had survived and had gone into exile, but there is no evidence to support them.

James also had seven illegitimate children by four different mistresses: three by Janet Kennedy, two by Marion Boyd, and one each by Margaret Drummond and Isabel Buchan. Two by Janet Kennedy died in infancy, three daughters and two sons reached adulthood. Alexander Stewart, his son by Marion Boyd, whom James had made Archbishop of St. Andrews, died at the Battle of Flodden. His other illegitimate son was James Stewart, Earl of Moray.

James IV is also significant in Scottish history as the last King of Scots to have been fluent in Scottish Gaelic.

Preceded by:
James III King of Scots Succeeded by:
James V

James Stewart, Duke of Ross
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

James Stewart, Duke of Ross (March 1476 - January 1504) was the son of King James III of Scotland and Margaret of Denmark. He was made Marquess of Ormonde at his baptism, Earl of Ross in 1481, and Duke of Ross in 1488.

Stewart became Archbishop of St. Andrews in 1497 and Lord Chancellor of Scotland in 1502.

Stewart had two brothers, King James IV of Scotland and John Stewart, Earl of Mar. It seems surprising that there were two brothers both called James; it has been suggested that at the time the younger was born the older was seriously ill and seemed unlikely to survive, but it is unclear whether there is any evidence for this hypothesis.

Religious Posts
Preceded by:
William Scheves Archbishop of St. Andrews
1497–1504 Succeeded by:
Alexander Stewart
Preceded by:
George Crichton Commendator of Dunfermline
1500–1504 Succeeded by:
James Beaton *
*His immediate successor may have been Gilbert Strachan.
Political offices
Preceded by:
George Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly Lord Chancellor of Scotland
1502–1504 Succeeded by:
Alexander Stewart
Peerage of Scotland
Preceded by:
New Creation Duke of Ross
1481–1504 Succeeded by:
Extinct
Marquess of Ormonde
1488–1504
Earl of Ross
1481–1504

Reigned as King of Scotland from 1488-1513.

Reigned as King of Scotland from 1488-1513.

Reigned as King of Scotland from 1488-1513.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
James IV (March 17, 1473 - September 9, 1513) was king of Scotlandfrom 1488 to 1513.

The son of King James III and Margaret of Denmark, he was probablyborn in Stirling Castle. When his father was killed at the Battle ofSauchieburn on June 11, 1488 (or possibly assassinated a few hourslater) the fifteen-year-old James took the throne and was crowned atScone on June 24. The rebels who had gathered at Sauchieburn had doneso with James supposedly as their figurehead. When James realised theindirect role which he had played in the death of his father, hedecided to do penance for his sin. From that date on he wore a heavyiron chain round his waist next to the skin as a constant reminder.

James IV quickly proved to be an effective ruler. He defeated anotherrebellion in 1489, took a direct interest in the administration ofjustice and finally brought the Lord of the Isles under control in1493. James was well educated and it was claimed that he was fluent inLowland Scots, English, Scottish Gaelic, Latin, French, German,Italian, Flemish, Spanish and Danish. He was a true Renaissance princewith an interest in practical and scientific matters. James grantedthe Edinburgh College of Surgeons a royal charter in 1506, turnedEdinburgh Castle into one of Britain's foremost gun foundries andwelcomed the establishment of Scotland's first printing press in 1507.

James also loved ships and saw the importance in Scotland having alarge navy. He acquired thirty-eight ships for the Royal Scottish Navyand founded two new dockyards. His finest creation was the carrackGreat Michael. Launched in 1511 she weighed 1,000 tons, was 240 feetin length and was then the largest ship in Europe.

For a time he supported the pretender to the English throne PerkinWarbeck and carried out a brief invasion of England on his behalf.Having fought off the aggression of King Henry VII of England, Jamesrecognized that peace between Scotland and England was in the interestof both countries, and so attempted to maintain peace with hisneighbour by agreeing a treaty of "perpetual peace" in 1502 andmarrying Henry's daughter Margaret Tudor, on August 8, 1503, atHolyrood Abbey, Edinburgh. The couple's first three children all diedin infancy. Their son James V survived, and he also had a posthumousson, Alexander, who died in infancy.

When war broke out between England and France as a result of theItalian Wars, James found himself in a difficult position. The newking of England, Henry VIII, attempted to invade France in 1513, andJames reacted by declaring war on England. Hoping to take advantage ofHenry's absence, he led an invading army southward, only to be killed,with many of his nobles and common soldiers, at the disastrous Battleof Flodden Field on September 9. A body thought to be his wasrecovered from the battlefield and taken to London for burial. As hewas excommunicated, the embalmed body lay unburied for many years inthe monastery of Sheen in Surrey, and was lost after the Reformation.

Rumors persisted that he had survived and had gone into exile, butthere is no evidence to support them.

James also had seven illegitimate children by four differentmistresses: three by Janet Kennedy, two by Marion Boyd, and one eachby Margaret Drummond and Isabel Buchan. Two by Janet Kennedy died ininfancy, three daughters and two sons reached adulthood. AlexanderStewart, his son by Marion Body, who James had made Archbishop of St.Andrews, died at the Battle of Flodden. His other illegitimate son wasJames Stewart, Earl of Moray.

[Kopi av ROYALS.FTW]

Reign: 1488-1533 James' army was plagued by desertions and was defeated at the
Battle of Flodden where James himself was killed.Reign: 1488-1533 James' army was plagued by desertions and was defeated at the
Battle of Flodden where James himself was killed.
[Enc. Brit.] king of Scotland 1488-1513. [AJB] NOTE: the ancestors of
James IV are not included in this database. His direct ancestral lines
include the Royal houses of Stewart (Stuart), Balliol, Bruce, and
Atholl. A one page copy can be sent on request.[Enc. Brit.] king of Scotland 1488-1513. [AJB] NOTE: the ancestors of
James IV are not included in this database. His direct ancestral lines
include the Royal houses of Stewart (Stuart), Balliol, Bruce, and
Atholl. A one page copy can be sent on request.Reign: 1488-1533 James' army was plagued by desertions and was defeated at the
Battle of Flodden where James himself was killed.
[Enc. Brit.] king of Scotland 1488-1513. [AJB] NOTE: the ancestors of
James IV are not included in this database. His direct ancestral lines
include the Royal houses of Stewart (Stuart), Balliol, Bruce, and
Atholl. A one page copy can be sent on request.[Enc. Brit.] king of Scotland 1488-1513. [AJB] NOTE: the ancestors of
James IV are not included in this database. His direct ancestral lines
include the Royal houses of Stewart (Stuart), Balliol, Bruce, and
Atholl. A one page copy can be sent on request.[Enc. Brit.] king of Scotland 1488-1513. [AJB] NOTE: the ancestors of
James IV are not included in this database. His direct ancestral lines
include the Royal houses of Stewart (Stuart), Balliol, Bruce, and
Atholl. A one page copy can be sent on request.

James STEWART IV King of Scotland
BORN: 17 MAR 1472, Stirling Castle, Scotland
DIED: 09 SEP 1513, Flodden, Scotland
BURIED: ,
MARRIED: Margaret TUDOR <33016>, 18 AUG 1503,
CHILDREN:
James STEWART (1st) <48155>
Arthur STEWART <48156>
James STEWART V King of Scotland <33025>
Alexander STEWART <48157>
MARRIED: Margaret DRUMMOND <48146>, ,
CHILDREN:
Margaret STEWART <48149>
MARRIED: Margaret BOYD <48147>, ,
CHILDREN:
Catherine STEWART <48151>
MARRIED: Agnes <48148>, ,
CHILDREN:
Janet STEWART <48153>

Name: Archbishop Of St. Andrews Stewart JAMES Given Name: Archbishop Of St. Andrews Stewart Surname: James 1 2 3 Sex: M Birth: Mar 1475-1476 Death: 17 Jan 1503-1504 Change Date: 18 Nov 2002 Note:
Burried at:St. Andrews Cathedral, Fife, Scotland

James STEWART IV King of Scotland
BORN: 17 MAR 1472, Stirling Castle, Scotland
DIED: 09 SEP 1513, Flodden, Scotland
BURIED: ,
MARRIED: Margaret TUDOR <33016>, 18 AUG 1503,
CHILDREN:
James STEWART (1st) <48155>
Arthur STEWART <48156>
James STEWART V King of Scotland <33025>
Alexander STEWART <48157>
MARRIED: Margaret DRUMMOND <48146>, ,
CHILDREN:
Margaret STEWART <48149>
MARRIED: Margaret BOYD <48147>, ,
CHILDREN:
Catherine STEWART <48151>
MARRIED: Agnes <48148>, ,
CHILDREN:
Janet STEWART <48153>

{geni:occupation} King of Scots, King of Scotland

{geni:about_me} '''James IV Stewart, King of Scots''' was born on 17 March 1473 at Stirling Castle, Scotland and died on 9 September 1513 at The Battle of Flodden Field, Northumberland, England. His body was lost but his head is buried at St Michael Wood Street, London England. He was also known as Seumas IV Stiùbhairt, James, Duke of Rothesay,

Ruled: 11 June 1488 - 9 September 1513

Preceded by: James III 3 August 1460 - 11 June 1488

Succeeded by: James V 11 June 1488-14 December 1542

Coronation: 24 June 1488

==Basics==

Son of James III (10 July 1451 – 11 June 1488) and Margaret of Denmark (23 June 1456 – before 14 July 1486)

Married:

# Margaret Tudor on 8 August 1503 at Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh (Henry VII of England's daughter)

Children:

#James, Duke of Rothesay (21 February 1507, Holyrood Palace – 27 February 1508, Stirling Castle)
#A stillborn daughter at Holyrood Palace on 15 July 1508.
#Arthur, Duke of Rothesay (20 October 1509, Holyrood Palace – Edinburgh Castle, 14 July 1510).
#James V (Linlithgow Palace, 15 April 1512 – Falkland Palace, Fife, 14 December 1542), the only one to reach adulthood, and the successor of his father.
#A second stillborn daughter at Holyrood Palace in November 1512.
#Alexander, Duke of Ross (Stirling Castle, 30 April 1514 – Stirling Castle, 18 December 1515), born after James's death.

Illegitimate children with Marion Boyd:

#Alexander (c.1493 – Battle of Flodden Field, 9 September 1513), Archbishop of St Andrews.
#Catherine Stewart(c. 1494 – 1554), who married James Douglas, 3rd Earl of Morton.

Illegitimate children with Margaret Drummond:

#Margaret Stewart (born around 1497)

Illegitimate children with Janet Kennedy:

#James (before 1499 – 1544), created Earl of Moray.
And two children who died in infancy.

Illegitimate children with Isabel Buchan

Children:

#Lady Janet Stewart (before 1510 – 20 February 1562)
==Biography==

James IV (17 March 1473 – 9 September 1513) was King of Scots from 11 June 1488 to his death. He is generally regarded as the most successful of the Stewart monarchs of Scotland, but his reign ended with the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Flodden Field, where he became the last monarch from Great Britain to be killed in battle.

James IV was the son of James III and Margaret of Denmark, probably born in Stirling Castle. As heir apparent to the Scottish crown, he became Duke of Rothesay. His father was not a popular king and faced two major rebellions during his reign. During the second rebellion, the rebels set up the 15-year-old James as their nominal leader. His father was killed fighting the rebels at the Battle of Sauchieburn on 11 June 1488, and James took the throne and was crowned at Scone on 24 June. When he realized the indirect role which he had played in the death of his father, he decided to do penance for his sin. From that date on, he wore a heavy iron chain cilice around his waist, next to the skin, each Lent as penance, adding every year extra ounces.

James IV quickly proved to be an effective ruler. He defeated another rebellion in 1489, took a direct interest in the administration of justice and finally brought the Lord of the Isles under control in 1493. For a time, he supported Perkin Warbeck, the pretender to the English throne, and carried out a brief invasion of England on his behalf in 1496. However, he recognized that peace between Scotland and England was in the interest of both countries, and established good diplomatic relations with England, at that time emerging from a period of civil war, and in 1502 signed the Treaty of Perpetual Peace with Henry VII. He also saw the importance in building a fleet that could provide Scotland with a strong maritime presence. James founded two new dockyards for the purpose and acquired a total of 38 ships for the Royal Scottish Navy, including the Margaret, and the carrack Michael or Great Michael. The latter, built at great expense at Newhaven and launched in 1511, was 240 feet (73 m) in length, weighed 1,000 tons and was, at that time, the largest ship in Europe.

James IV was a true Renaissance prince with an interest in practical and scientific matters. He granted the Edinburgh College of Surgeons a royal charter in 1506, turned Edinburgh Castle into one of Britain's foremost gun foundries, and welcomed the establishment of Scotland's first printing press in 1507. He built a part of Falkland Palace and Great Halls at Stirling and Edinburgh castles, and furnished his palaces with tapestries.[2] James was a patron of the arts, including many literary figures, most notably the Scots makars whose diverse and socially observant works convey a vibrant and memorable picture of cultural life and intellectual concerns in the period. Figures associated with his court include William Dunbar, Walter Kennedy and Gavin Douglas who made the first complete translation of Virgil's Aeneid in northern Europe. His reign also saw the passing of the makar Robert Henryson.

James IV was well educated and a fluent linguist. In 1499 the Spanish envoy Pedro de Ayala reported that he was able to "speak Latin, French, German, Flemish, Italian and the barbarian Gaelic, the native tongue of nearly all his subjects". He was the last King of Scots who is known to have spoken Scottish Gaelic. James is one of the rulers reported to have conducted a language deprivation experiment, sending two children to be raised by a mute woman alone on an island, to determine if language was learned or innate. At Stirling Castle, James maintained an alchemical workshop with a furnace of the quintessence.

When war broke out between England and France as a result of the Italian Wars, James found himself in a difficult position as his obligations under the Auld Alliance with France conflicted with the treaty made with England in 1502. The new king of England, Henry VIII, attempted to invade France in 1513, and James reacted by declaring war on England. Hoping to take advantage of Henry's absence, he led an invading army southward, only to be killed, with many of his nobles and common soldiers, at the disastrous Battle of Flodden Field on 9 September, ending Scotland's involvement in the War of the League of Cambrai. A body, thought to be his, was recovered from the battlefield and taken to London for burial. Because he was excommunicated, the embalmed body lay unburied for many years in the monastery of Sheen in Surrey, and was lost after the Reformation. John Stow claimed to have seen the body, and said the king's head (with red hair) was removed by a glazier and eventually buried at St Michael Wood Street. James's bloodstained coat was sent to Henry VIII (then on campaign in France) by his queen Catherine of Aragon. Rumors persisted that James had survived and had gone into exile, but there is no evidence to support them.

==Links==

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_IV_of_Scotland
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchs#House_of_Stewart.2FStuart
*http://www.sapphire.ac.uk/printinghistory.htm
*http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=9473665
*http://thepeerage.com/p10148.htm#i101479

==Sources==

*James the Fourth, Norman Macdougall (2006 with two earlier editions, regarded as definitive).
*King James IV of Scotland, R.L. Mackie (1958, the most important previous biography).
*Ashley, Mike (2002). British Kings & Queens. Carroll & Graf. ISBN 0-7867-1104-3.
*Flodden Papers, 1505-1517, ed. Marguerite Wood, Scottish History Society, (1933), French diplomatic correspondence (does not refer to the battle).
*Letters of James IV, 1505-1513, ed. Mackie & Spilman, Scottish History Society (1953), English summaries of international letters

==Citations==
#James IV in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, New York, 2004, Vol.29, pp. 609–619
#Accounts of the Comptroller, Sir Duncan Forestar, 1495-1499, Miscellany of the Scottish History Society, vol. 9 (1958), 57-81. In Latin.

{geni:hair_color} Red

King of Scots
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=cc566feb-3239-494b-8893-3436d09d4d25&tid=822673&pid=-1378606416

James IV (1473-1513), king of Scotland (1488-1513), who unified the
country under his rule and, in spirit of the Renaissance, patronized arts
and learning. He was the son of King James III. Within a few months after
his accession he ended the revolt by Scottish nobles that had cost his
father his life. James expanded the Scottish navy, encouraged commerce,
and reformed the administration of criminal justice. His romantic
disposition induced him to support Perkin Warbeck, a claimant to the
English throne, and to invade England in behalf of Warbeck in 1495. Two
years later, however, a 7-year truce was concluded between Scotland and
England. In 1503 James married Margaret Tudor, the eldest daughter of King
Henry VII of England. This marriage eventually led to the union of the
crowns of England and Scotland. After 1509, when Henry VIII became king of
England, relations between the two countries became strained. Scotland was
a traditional ally of France, and during Anglo-French hostilities in 1513
James invaded England in aid of his ally. Despite initial successes, he
was plagued by desertions from his army, which was defeated at the Battle
of Flodden on September 9, 1513. James himself was killed. He was
succeeded by his son, James V. He also had a daughter that died in 1508,
and one that died in 1512.

James STEWART IV King of Scotland
BORN: 17 MAR 1472, Stirling Castle, Scotland
DIED: 09 SEP 1513, Flodden, Scotland
BURIED: ,
MARRIED: Margaret TUDOR <33016>, 18 AUG 1503,
CHILDREN:
James STEWART (1st) <48155>
Arthur STEWART <48156>
James STEWART V King of Scotland <33025>
Alexander STEWART <48157>
MARRIED: Margaret DRUMMOND <48146>, ,
CHILDREN:
Margaret STEWART <48149>
MARRIED: Margaret BOYD <48147>, ,
CHILDREN:
Catherine STEWART <48151>
MARRIED: Agnes <48148>, ,
CHILDREN:
Janet STEWART <48153>

[DeVore Wright Lines.FTW]

[RoyalKings.FTW]

Took the throne of Scotland in 1488.

DUKE OF ROSS

James IV (March 17, 1473 – September 9, 1513) was king of Scotland from 1488 to 1513.

The son of King James III and Margaret of Denmark, he was probably born in Stirling Castle. When his father was killed at the Battle of Sauchieburn on June 11, 1488 (or possibly assassinated a few hours later) the fifteen-year-old James took the throne and was crowned at Scone, Perthshire on June 24. The rebels who had gathered at Sauchieburn had done so with James supposedly as their figurehead. When James realised the indirect role which he had played in the death of his father, he decided to do penance for his sin. From that date on he wore a heavy iron chain round his waist next to the skin as a constant reminder.

James IV quickly proved to be an effective ruler. He defeated another rebellion in 1489, took a direct interest in the administration of justice and finally brought the Lord of the Isles under control in 1493. James was well educated and it was claimed that he was fluent in Lowland Scots, English, Scottish Gaelic, Latin, French, German, Italian, Flemish, Spanish and Danish.

He was a true Renaissance prince with an interest in practical and scientific matters. James granted the Edinburgh College of Surgeons a royal charter in 1506, turned Edinburgh Castle into one of Britain's foremost gun foundries and welcomed the establishment of Scotland's first printing press in 1507.

James also loved ships and saw the importance in Scotland having a large navy. He acquired thirty-eight ships for the Royal Scottish Navy and founded two new dockyards. His finest creation was the carrack Great Michael. Launched in 1511 she weighed 1,000 tons, was 240 feet in length and was then the largest ship in Europe.

For a time he supported the pretender to the English throne Perkin Warbeck and carried out a brief invasion of England on his behalf. Having fought off the aggression of King Henry VII of England, James recognized that peace between Scotland and England was in the interest of both countries, and so attempted to maintain peace with his neighbour by agreeing a treaty of "perpetual peace" in 1502 and marrying Henry's daughter Margaret Tudor, on August 8, 1503, at Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh. The couple's first three children all died in infancy. Their son James V survived, and he also had a posthumous son, Alexander, who died in infancy.

When war broke out between England and France as a result of the Italian Wars, James found himself in a difficult position. The new king of England, Henry VIII, attempted to invade France in 1513, and James reacted by declaring war on England. Hoping to take advantage of Henry's absence, he led an invading army southward, only to be killed, with many of his nobles and common soldiers, at the disastrous Battle of Flodden Field on September 9, ending Scotland's involvement in the War of the League of Cambrai. A body thought to be his was recovered from the battlefield and taken to London for burial. As he was excommunicated, the embalmed body lay unburied for many years in the monastery of Sheen in Surrey, and was lost after the Reformation.

Rumors persisted that he had survived and had gone into exile, but there is no evidence to support them.

James also had seven illegitimate children by four different mistresses: three by Janet Kennedy, two by Marion Boyd, and one each by Margaret Drummond and Isabel Buchan. Two by Janet Kennedy died in infancy, three daughters and two sons reached adulthood. His sons were Alexander Stewart with Marion Boyd, and James Stewart by Janet Kennedy. His daughter by Isabel Buchan was Jean Stewart, who became the mistress of Henry II of France.

James IV is also significant in Scottish history as the last King of Scots to have been fluent in Scottish Gaelic.

James IV (1473-1513), king of Scotland, the son of James III, succeeded to the throne in 1488. As soon as he began to govern, James placed implicit confidence in Sir Andrew Wood of Largo, who showed great skill in the development of the navy. Difficulties arose with England, but a truce was concluded between the two countries on Sept. 30, 1496. In 1511 the relations between James and Henry VIII became strained. In 1513, when Henry was engaged on his campaign in France, James invaded England, but was defeated and killed at the battle of Flodden. [World Wide Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1935]

KING OF SCOTLAND; RULED FROM 1488-1513

Line 3754 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long:
NAME James IV King Of /SCOTLAND/
From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 5 JAN 1998.

Created at his birth Marquess of Ormond and in 1488, Duke of Ross. He became Archbishop of St. Andrews in 1487; Chancellor of Scotland in 1502. Died without issue. {Burke�s Peerage} [GADD.GED]

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