Ancestral Trails 2016 » Karl von BADEN-DURLACH II (1529-1577)

Données personnelles Karl von BADEN-DURLACH II 

• Il est né le 24 juillet 1529 dans Pforzheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
• Titre: Margrave of Baden-Durlach
• (Ancestry) : House of Zähringen.
• Il est décédé le 23 mars 1577 dans Durlach, Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, il avait 47 ans.
• Il est enterré en l'an 1577 dans St Michael, Pforzheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
• Un enfant de Ernst von BADEN-DURLACH

Famille de Karl von BADEN-DURLACH II

(1) Il est marié avec Kunigunde von BRANDENBURG-KULMBACH.

Ils se sont mariés le 10 mars 1550/51 à Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim, Bayern, Germany, il avait 20 ans.

(2) Il est marié avec Anna von VELDENZ.

Ils se sont mariés le 1 août 1558, il avait 29 ans.

Enfant(s):

1. George Friedrich von BADEN-DURLACH  1573-1638 
2. Dorothea Ursula von BADEN-DURLACH  1559-1583
3. James von BADEN-HACHBERG  1562-1590 
4. Ernst Friedrich von BADEN-DURLACH  1560-1604

Notes par Karl von BADEN-DURLACH II

Charles II, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (born July 24, 1529 in Pforzheim; died: March 23, 1577 in Durlach), nicknamed Charles with the bag, governed the Margravate of Durlach from 1552 to 1577. On June 1, 1556, Charles issued a new Church Order, which made Lutheranism the official religion in Baden-Durlach.

Charles was the son of Margrave Ernest of Baden-Durlach and his second wife Ursula of Rosenfeld. Since the marriage between Ernest and Ursula was morganatic, Charles's ability to succeed was disputed. Nevertheless, he started ruling Upper Baden in his father's name in September 1552. His 12 years older half brother Bernard IV died on 20 January 1553 and his father died two weeks later, on 6 February. Charles then inherited the entire country,[1] which was called Baden-Pforzheim at the time. He moved the capital to Durlach, thereby changing the name of his country to Baden-Durlach.

After the Peace of Passau (1552) a number of secular rulers in the south west of Germany introduced the Reformation. Margrave Ernest of Baden-Durlach had plans to have had follow suit, but still faced a potential conflict with Archduke Ferdinand, the ruler of the Roman Catholic Further Austria, the who still claimed parts of Upper Baden.

Margrave Charles II - like his cousin, Margrave Philibert of Baden-Baden - supported the Peace of Augsburg of 1555 in the Reichstag, which gave secular imperial princes freedom to introduce Lutheranism in their territories. With this protection and at the urging of Duke Christopher of Württemberg, Charles II introduced the Reformation into the margraviate of Baden-Durlach with the adoption of a new Church Order on 1 June 1556.

The preparation of the Reformation and the drafting of church order was entrusted to a Commission chaired by Martin Achtsynit, the Chancellor of the Margraviate of Baden (Pforzheimer part). Members of the Commission were the theologian Jacob Andreae from Tübingen, the court preacher Michael Diller from Heidelberg and the Saxon theologians Max Morlin and John Stossel. In addition to the theologians, the Councillors Johann Georg and Renz Sechele also belonged to the Commission. Achtsynit was also the first director of the Council of Churches; Charles himself was bishop of the Evangelical Church and so became successor to the bishops of Strasbourg, Speyer and Constance, who had been competent for different parts of his territory. The "inner conflict within the Protestant confession" also affected the work of the Commission. In the end, the commission chose, for political reasons, to largely copy the church order of Württemberg, which had been drafted by Johannes Brenz in 1553, with final editing by Jacob Heerbrand. Württemberg also allowed Jacob Heerbrand to participate in the first church visitation in Baden-Durlach, which was conducted in the autumn of 1556. Charles appointed the theologians Simon Sulzer from Basel as General Superintendent for Upper Baden.

Frequent visitations should ensure that only Lutheran pastors were active and the church order was complied with. Many Catholic priests were expelled. Ferdinand of Austria formally denied Charles the right to introduce the Reformation in his possessions in Breisgau. The people gave Charles the nickname the Pious, referring to the zeal he developed while introducing the Reformation.

As a result, the Ernestine part of Baden turned Protestant shortly after Baden was split. When the two parts of the Margraviate were reunited in 1771 under Margrave Charles Frederick, he had the foresight and sovereignty to allow multiple faiths and to call for tolerance and acceptance.

In 1561, the Margrave avowed to the unchanged Augsburg Confession at a convention of Protestants in Naumburg, convened by Elector Augustus of Saxony. Like his cousin Philibert of Baden-Baden, Charles supported King Charles IX of France by sending auxiliary troops into the war against the Calvinist Huguenots.

The relocation of the residence to Durlach in 1565
The Margrave moved the residence from Pforzheim to Durlach in 1565. This was allegedly triggered by a dispute with the citizens of Pforzheim, who refused to act as drivers in a drive hunt organized by the Margrave. The literature points out that other, more rational, reasons may have existed; in particular, Durlach was more centrally located within Lower Baden.

For this move, the Karlsburg, an existing hunting lodge in Durlach, was expanded. Charles oversaw the expansion himself and paid the workers personally, using a shoulder bag full of money he brought with him. The affectionate nickname Charles with the Bag refers to this practice.

The city of Durlach was also renovated. A garden was added to the castle and several gates were added to the city wall. In 1571, a mint was built, as was usual in princely residences at the time.

Marriages and issue
Charles II first married on 10 March 1551 with Kunigunde of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (born: 17 June 1523; died: 27 February 1558), the daughter of the Margrave Casimir of Brandenburg-Kulmbach. They had two children:
Marie (born: 3 January 1553; died: 11 November 1561)
Albert (born: 12 June 1555; died: 5 May 1574)

Charles II then married on 1 August 1558 Countess Palatine Anna of Veldenz (born: 12 November 1540, died: 30 March 1586), the daughter of the Count Palatine Rupert of Veldenz. They had the following children:
Dorothea Ursula (born: 20 June 1559; died: 19 May 1583) married on 7 November 1575 Louis III of Württemberg (born: 1 January 1554; died: 18 August 1593)
Ernest Frederick (born: 17 October 1560; died: 14 April 1604) married on 21 December 1585 Anna of East Frisia (born: 26 May 1562; died: 21 April 1621), the daughter of Count Edzard II of East Frisia
James III (born: 26 May 1562; died: 17 August 1590) married on 6 September 1584 Elisabeth of Pallandt-Culemborg (born c. 1567; died: 8 May 1620), the daughter of Count Floris I of Pallandt-Culemborg 1537 (- 1598); reigning Margrave
Anna Marie (born: 4 August 1565; died: 8 October 1573)
Elizabeth (born: 27 September 1570; died: 6 October 1611)
George Frederick born: 30 January 1573; died: 24 September 1638); reigning Margrave

Of his sons only George Frederick remained a Lutheran. Ernest Frederick converted to Calvinism and James III became a Catholic. Since George Frederick lived the longest, he ultimately inherited the margraviate and it remained Lutheran. After the Charles II's death, his widow, Anna of Veldenz, led the government business for 7 years as regent, until her sons came of age.
SOURCE: Wikipedia

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