January 7 » French troops, led by Francis, Duke of Guise, take Calais, the last continental possession of England.
April 24 » Mary, Queen of Scots, marries the Dauphin of France, François, at Notre Dame de Paris.
July 13 » Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul de Thermes at Gravelines.
October 17 » Poczta Polska, the Polish postal service, is founded.
November 17 » Elizabethan era begins: Queen Mary I of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth I of England.
March 4 » English King Charles II declares war on the Netherlands marking the start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
March 6 » The first joint Secretary of the Royal Society, Henry Oldenburg, publishes the first issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, the world's longest-running scientific journal.
June 3 » James Stuart, Duke of York (later to become King James II of England), defeats the Dutch fleet off the coast of Lowestoft.
June 17 » Battle of Montes Claros: Portugal definitively secured independence from Spain in the last battle of the Portuguese Restoration War.
October 29 » Portuguese forces defeat the Kingdom of Kongo and decapitate King António I of Kongo, also known as Nvita a Nkanga.
December 10 » The Royal Netherlands Marine Corps is founded by Michiel de Ruyter
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Bill Turner, "Turner Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/turner-family-tree/P1897.php : accessed May 14, 2025), "William Stickney 9thGG (1558-1665)".
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