Family tree Homs » Antiochus IV Epiphanes King of Syria (Antiochus IV Epiphanes) "Αντίοχος Δ' ο Επιφανής Σελευκιδός της Συρίας" King of Syria (± 215-± 163)

Personal data Antiochus IV Epiphanes King of Syria (Antiochus IV Epiphanes) "Αντίοχος Δ' ο Επιφανής Σελευκιδός της Συρίας" King of Syria 

• Nickname is Αντίοχος Δ' ο Επιφανής Σελευκιδός της Συρίας.
• He was born about -215 in King of Syria.
• He died about -163 in Tabae,Syria.
• A child of Antiochus III Megas King of the Seleucid Empire King of the Seleucid Empire and Laodice Queen of the Seleucid Empire Queen of the Seleucid Empire
• This information was last updated on April 16, 2012.

Household of Antiochus IV Epiphanes King of Syria (Antiochus IV Epiphanes) "Αντίοχος Δ' ο Επιφανής Σελευκιδός της Συρίας" King of Syria

He had a relationship with Laodice IV Queen of the Seleucid Empire Queen of the Seleucid Empire.

Child(ren):

1. Laodice VI Queen of Pontus Queen of Pontus  ± 168-± 114 
2. Nysa Queen of Pontus Queen of Pontus  ± 200-???? 

Notes about Antiochus IV Epiphanes King of Syria (Antiochus IV Epiphanes) "Αντίοχος Δ' ο Επιφανής Σελευκιδός της Συρίας" King of Syria

Death: in 164 BC, Tabae, Iran 1
Event: Ancestor M
Event: Progenitor X
Event: Ruled 175 - 164 BC, Seleucid King of Persia 1
Event: Ruled 223 - 187 BC, King of Persia 2
Note:
Antiochus IV EPIPHANES (God Manifest), also called ANTIOCHUS EPIMANES(the Mad) (b. c. 215 BC--d. 164, Tabae, Iran), Seleucid king of the Hellenistic Syrian kingdom who reigned from 175 to 164 BC. As a ruler he was best known for his encouragement of Greek culture and institutions. His attempts to suppress Judaism brought on the Wars of the Maccabees.
Early career.
Antiochus was the third son of Antiochus III the Great. After his father's defeat by the Romans in 190-189, he served as hostage for his father in Rome from 189 to 175, where he learned to admire Roman institutions and policies. His brother, King Seleucus IV, exchanged him for Demetrius, the son of Seleucus; and after Seleucus was murdered by Heliodorus, a usurper, Antiochus in turn ousted him. During this period ofuncertainty in Syria, the guardians of Ptolemy VI, the Egyptian ruler, laid claim to Coele Syria, Palestine, and Phoenicia, which Antiochus III had conquered. Both the Syrian and Egyptian parties appealed toRome for help, but the Senate refused to take sides. In 173 Antiochuspaid the remainder of the war indemnity that had been imposed by the Romans on Antiochus III at the Treaty of Apamea (188).
Antiochus forestalled an Egyptian expedition to Palestine by invadingEgypt. He defeated the Egyptians between Pelusium and Mount Kasion, conquered Pelusium, and in 169 occupied Egypt with the exception of Alexandria, the capital. Ptolemy VI was Antiochus' nephew--Antiochus' sister, Cleopatra I, had married Ptolemy V--and Antiochus contented himself with ruling Egypt as Ptolemy's guardian, giving Rome no excuse for intervention. The citizens of Alexandria, however, appealed to PtolemyVIII, the brother of Ptolemy VI, and to his sister Cleopatra II to form a rival government. Disturbances in Palestine forced Antiochus to return to Syria, but he safeguarded his access to Egypt with a strong garrison in Pelusium.
In the winter of 169/168 Perseus of Macedonia in vain begged Antiochus to join forces with him against the danger that Rome presented to all of the Hellenistic monarchs. In Egypt, Ptolemy VI made common causewith his brother and sister and sent a renewed request to Rome for aid, and Antiochus prepared for battle. The fleet of Antiochus won a victory at Cyprus, whose governor surrendered the island to him. Antiochus invaded Egypt again in 168, demanded that Cyprus and Pelusium be ceded to him, occupied Lower Egypt, and camped outside Alexandria. The cause of the Ptolemaeans seemed lost. But on June 22, 168, the Romans defeated Perseus and his Macedonians at Pydna, and there deprived Antiochus of the benefits of his victory. In Eleusis, a suburb of Alexandria, the Roman ambassador, Gaius Popillius Laenas, presented Antiochus with the ultimatum that he evacuate Egypt and Cyprus immediately. Antiochus, taken by surprise, asked for time to consider. Popillius, however, drew a circle in the earth around the king with his walking stick and demanded an unequivocal answer before Antiochus left the circle. Dismayed by this public humiliation, the king quickly agreed to comply. Roman intervention had reestablished the status quo. By being allowed to retain southern Syria, to which Egypt had laid claim, Antiochus wasable to preserve the territorial integrity of his realm.
Efforts to hellenize the kingdom.
Both economically and socially he made efforts to strengthen his kingdom--inhabited in the main by Orientals (non-Greeks of Asia Minor and Persia)--by founding and fostering Greek cities. Even before he had begun his reign he had contributed to the building of the temple of Zeusin Athens and to the adornment of the theatre. He enlarged Antioch onthe Orontes by adding a section to the city (named Epiphania after him). There he built an aqueduct, a council hall, a marketplace, and a temple to Jupiter Capitolinus. Babylon, which revered him as Soter (Liberator, or Saviour) of Asia, was given a Greek colony that was grantedfreedom of the city. Another Epiphania was founded in Armenia. Ecbatana (in Persia) was also named Epiphania and became a Greek city. Many of these cities were granted the right to coin their own municipal currency. The mint of Antioch on the Persian Gulf served the trade along the sea route between India and the district at the mouth of the greatMesopotamian rivers.
Antiochus' hellenizing policies brought him into conflict with the prosperous Oriental temple organizations, and particularly with the Jews. Since Antiochus III's reign the Jews had enjoyed extensive autonomyunder their high priest. They were divided into two parties, the orthodox Hasideans (Pious Ones) and a reform party that favoured Hellenism. For financial reasons Antiochus supported the reform party and, in return for a considerable sum, permitted the high priest, Jason, to build a gymnasium in Jerusalem and to introduce the Greek mode of educating young people. In 172, for an even bigger tribute, he appointed Menelaus in place of Jason. In 169, however, while Antiochus was campaigning in Egypt, Jason conquered Jerusalem--with the exception of the citadel--and murdered many adherents of his rival Menelaus. When Antiochus returned from Egypt in 167 he took Jerusalem by storm and enforced its Hellenization. The city forfeited its privileges and was permanently garrisoned by Syrian soldiers.
The revolt of Judas Maccabeus.
The Greeks and those friendly toward them were united into the community of Antiochians; the worship of Yahweh and all of the Jewish rites were forbidden on pain of death. In the Temple an altar to Zeus Olympios was erected, and sacrifices were to be made at the feet of an idol in the image of the King. Against that desecration Judas Maccabeus, leader of the anti-Greek Jews, led the aroused Hasideans in a guerrilla war and several times defeated the generals Antiochus had commissionedto deal with the uprising. Judas refused a partial amnesty, conqueredJudaea with the exception of the Acra in Jerusalem, and in December 164 was able to tear down the altar of Zeus and reconsecrate the Temple. Antiochus apparently had underestimated the strength of the Hasidean movement, which was behind the success in maintaining an independent Judaean state for about a century. The fighting spirit of the Jews was all the more impressive because at the beginning of their rebellion in 166 Antiochus had just demonstrated his might to the world at Daphne, near Antioch, with a grand review of his army: 46,000 foot soldiers were on parade, among them a Macedonian phalanx of 20,000 men and 500 mercenaries equipped with Roman arms, followed by 8,500 horsemen and 306 armoured elephants.
Antiochus then mounted a campaign against the Parthians who were threatening the empire in the east, recovered the income from that area, forced Artaxias of Armenia--who had defected--to recognize his suzerainty, founded the city of Antioch on the Persian Gulf, set out on an expedition to the Arabian coast, and, at the end of 164, died of an illness at Tabae (or Gabae, probably present Isfahan) in Persis. Many believers saw his death as a punishment for his attempt to loot the shrine of Nanaia in Elam (in modern Iran).

Death: in 175 BC [assassinated] 1
Event: Ancestor M
Event: Ruled 187 - 185 BC, Seleucid King of Syria 3
Note:
Seleucus IV PHILOPATOR (b. c. 217 BC--d. 175 BC), seventh king (reigned 187-175 BC) of the Seleucid dynasty, son of Antiochus III the Great.
Although the empire that Seleucus inherited was not so great as the one over which his father had ruled before the war with Rome (190-189),it was still large, consisting of Syria (including Cilicia and Palestine), Mesopotamia, Babylonia, and nearer Iran (Media and Persia). Because of financial difficulties, created in part by the heavy war indemnity exacted by Rome, Seleucus was compelled to pursue a policy devoid of expensive adventures. His unambitious policy and care were also dictated by the fact that his son and heir, Demetrius, had been sent to Rome as a hostage for his father. When Seleucus was assassinated in 175by his chief minister Heliodorus, his brother Antiochus seized the throne

Death: in 164 BC, Tabae, Iran 1
Event: Ancestor M
Event: Progenitor X
Event: Ruled 175 - 164 BC, Seleucid King of Persia 1
Event: Ruled 223 - 187 BC, King of Persia 2
Note:
Antiochus IV EPIPHANES (God Manifest), also called ANTIOCHUS EPIMANES(the Mad) (b. c. 215 BC--d. 164, Tabae, Iran), Seleucid king of the Hellenistic Syrian kingdom who reigned from 175 to 164 BC. As a ruler he was best known for his encouragement of Greek culture and institutions. His attempts to suppress Judaism brought on the Wars of the Maccabees.
Early career.
Antiochus was the third son of Antiochus III the Great. After his father's defeat by the Romans in 190-189, he served as hostage for his father in Rome from 189 to 175, where he learned to admire Roman institutions and policies. His brother, King Seleucus IV, exchanged him for Demetrius, the son of Seleucus; and after Seleucus was murdered by Heliodorus, a usurper, Antiochus in turn ousted him. During this period ofuncertainty in Syria, the guardians of Ptolemy VI, the Egyptian ruler, laid claim to Coele Syria, Palestine, and Phoenicia, which Antiochus III had conquered. Both the Syrian and Egyptian parties appealed toRome for help, but the Senate refused to take sides. In 173 Antiochuspaid the remainder of the war indemnity that had been imposed by the Romans on Antiochus III at the Treaty of Apamea (188).
Antiochus forestalled an Egyptian expedition to Palestine by invadingEgypt. He defeated the Egyptians between Pelusium and Mount Kasion, conquered Pelusium, and in 169 occupied Egypt with the exception of Alexandria, the capital. Ptolemy VI was Antiochus' nephew--Antiochus' sister, Cleopatra I, had married Ptolemy V--and Antiochus contented himself with ruling Egypt as Ptolemy's guardian, giving Rome no excuse for intervention. The citizens of Alexandria, however, appealed to PtolemyVIII, the brother of Ptolemy VI, and to his sister Cleopatra II to form a rival government. Disturbances in Palestine forced Antiochus to return to Syria, but he safeguarded his access to Egypt with a strong garrison in Pelusium.
In the winter of 169/168 Perseus of Macedonia in vain begged Antiochus to join forces with him against the danger that Rome presented to all of the Hellenistic monarchs. In Egypt, Ptolemy VI made common causewith his brother and sister and sent a renewed request to Rome for aid, and Antiochus prepared for battle. The fleet of Antiochus won a victory at Cyprus, whose governor surrendered the island to him. Antiochus invaded Egypt again in 168, demanded that Cyprus and Pelusium be ceded to him, occupied Lower Egypt, and camped outside Alexandria. The cause of the Ptolemaeans seemed lost. But on June 22, 168, the Romans defeated Perseus and his Macedonians at Pydna, and there deprived Antiochus of the benefits of his victory. In Eleusis, a suburb of Alexandria, the Roman ambassador, Gaius Popillius Laenas, presented Antiochus with the ultimatum that he evacuate Egypt and Cyprus immediately. Antiochus, taken by surprise, asked for time to consider. Popillius, however, drew a circle in the earth around the king with his walking stick and demanded an unequivocal answer before Antiochus left the circle. Dismayed by this public humiliation, the king quickly agreed to comply. Roman intervention had reestablished the status quo. By being allowed to retain southern Syria, to which Egypt had laid claim, Antiochus wasable to preserve the territorial integrity of his realm.
Efforts to hellenize the kingdom.
Both economically and socially he made efforts to strengthen his kingdom--inhabited in the main by Orientals (non-Greeks of Asia Minor and Persia)--by founding and fostering Greek cities. Even before he had begun his reign he had contributed to the building of the temple of Zeusin Athens and to the adornment of the theatre. He enlarged Antioch onthe Orontes by adding a section to the city (named Epiphania after him). There he built an aqueduct, a council hall, a marketplace, and a temple to Jupiter Capitolinus. Babylon, which revered him as Soter (Liberator, or Saviour) of Asia, was given a Greek colony that was grantedfreedom of the city. Another Epiphania was founded in Armenia. Ecbatana (in Persia) was also named Epiphania and became a Greek city. Many of these cities were granted the right to coin their own municipal currency. The mint of Antioch on the Persian Gulf served the trade along the sea route between India and the district at the mouth of the greatMesopotamian rivers.
Antiochus' hellenizing policies brought him into conflict with the prosperous Oriental temple organizations, and particularly with the Jews. Since Antiochus III's reign the Jews had enjoyed extensive autonomyunder their high priest. They were divided into two parties, the orthodox Hasideans (Pious Ones) and a reform party that favoured Hellenism. For financial reasons Antiochus supported the reform party and, in return for a considerable sum, permitted the high priest, Jason, to build a gymnasium in Jerusalem and to introduce the Greek mode of educating young people. In 172, for an even bigger tribute, he appointed Menelaus in place of Jason. In 169, however, while Antiochus was campaigning in Egypt, Jason conquered Jerusalem--with the exception of the citadel--and murdered many adherents of his rival Menelaus. When Antiochus returned from Egypt in 167 he took Jerusalem by storm and enforced its Hellenization. The city forfeited its privileges and was permanently garrisoned by Syrian soldiers.
The revolt of Judas Maccabeus.
The Greeks and those friendly toward them were united into the community of Antiochians; the worship of Yahweh and all of the Jewish rites were forbidden on pain of death. In the Temple an altar to Zeus Olympios was erected, and sacrifices were to be made at the feet of an idol in the image of the King. Against that desecration Judas Maccabeus, leader of the anti-Greek Jews, led the aroused Hasideans in a guerrilla war and several times defeated the generals Antiochus had commissionedto deal with the uprising. Judas refused a partial amnesty, conqueredJudaea with the exception of the Acra in Jerusalem, and in December 164 was able to tear down the altar of Zeus and reconsecrate the Temple. Antiochus apparently had underestimated the strength of the Hasidean movement, which was behind the success in maintaining an independent Judaean state for about a century. The fighting spirit of the Jews was all the more impressive because at the beginning of their rebellion in 166 Antiochus had just demonstrated his might to the world at Daphne, near Antioch, with a grand review of his army: 46,000 foot soldiers were on parade, among them a Macedonian phalanx of 20,000 men and 500 mercenaries equipped with Roman arms, followed by 8,500 horsemen and 306 armoured elephants.
Antiochus then mounted a campaign against the Parthians who were threatening the empire in the east, recovered the income from that area, forced Artaxias of Armenia--who had defected--to recognize his suzerainty, founded the city of Antioch on the Persian Gulf, set out on an expedition to the Arabian coast, and, at the end of 164, died of an illness at Tabae (or Gabae, probably present Isfahan) in Persis. Many believers saw his death as a punishment for his attempt to loot the shrine of Nanaia in Elam (in modern Iran).

Death: in 175 BC [assassinated] 1
Event: Ancestor M
Event: Ruled 187 - 185 BC, Seleucid King of Syria 3
Note:
Seleucus IV PHILOPATOR (b. c. 217 BC--d. 175 BC), seventh king (reigned 187-175 BC) of the Seleucid dynasty, son of Antiochus III the Great.
Although the empire that Seleucus inherited was not so great as the one over which his father had ruled before the war with Rome (190-189),it was still large, consisting of Syria (including Cilicia and Palestine), Mesopotamia, Babylonia, and nearer Iran (Media and Persia). Because of financial difficulties, created in part by the heavy war indemnity exacted by Rome, Seleucus was compelled to pursue a policy devoid of expensive adventures. His unambitious policy and care were also dictated by the fact that his son and heir, Demetrius, had been sent to Rome as a hostage for his father. When Seleucus was assassinated in 175by his chief minister Heliodorus, his brother Antiochus seized the throne

Death: in 164 BC, Tabae, Iran 1
Event: Ancestor M
Event: Progenitor X
Event: Ruled 175 - 164 BC, Seleucid King of Persia 1
Event: Ruled 223 - 187 BC, King of Persia 2
Note:
Antiochus IV EPIPHANES (God Manifest), also called ANTIOCHUS EPIMANES(the Mad) (b. c. 215 BC--d. 164, Tabae, Iran), Seleucid king of the Hellenistic Syrian kingdom who reigned from 175 to 164 BC. As a ruler he was best known for his encouragement of Greek culture and institutions. His attempts to suppress Judaism brought on the Wars of the Maccabees.
Early career.
Antiochus was the third son of Antiochus III the Great. After his father's defeat by the Romans in 190-189, he served as hostage for his father in Rome from 189 to 175, where he learned to admire Roman institutions and policies. His brother, King Seleucus IV, exchanged him for Demetrius, the son of Seleucus; and after Seleucus was murdered by Heliodorus, a usurper, Antiochus in turn ousted him. During this period ofuncertainty in Syria, the guardians of Ptolemy VI, the Egyptian ruler, laid claim to Coele Syria, Palestine, and Phoenicia, which Antiochus III had conquered. Both the Syrian and Egyptian parties appealed toRome for help, but the Senate refused to take sides. In 173 Antiochuspaid the remainder of the war indemnity that had been imposed by the Romans on Antiochus III at the Treaty of Apamea (188).
Antiochus forestalled an Egyptian expedition to Palestine by invadingEgypt. He defeated the Egyptians between Pelusium and Mount Kasion, conquered Pelusium, and in 169 occupied Egypt with the exception of Alexandria, the capital. Ptolemy VI was Antiochus' nephew--Antiochus' sister, Cleopatra I, had married Ptolemy V--and Antiochus contented himself with ruling Egypt as Ptolemy's guardian, giving Rome no excuse for intervention. The citizens of Alexandria, however, appealed to PtolemyVIII, the brother of Ptolemy VI, and to his sister Cleopatra II to form a rival government. Disturbances in Palestine forced Antiochus to return to Syria, but he safeguarded his access to Egypt with a strong garrison in Pelusium.
In the winter of 169/168 Perseus of Macedonia in vain begged Antiochus to join forces with him against the danger that Rome presented to all of the Hellenistic monarchs. In Egypt, Ptolemy VI made common causewith his brother and sister and sent a renewed request to Rome for aid, and Antiochus prepared for battle. The fleet of Antiochus won a victory at Cyprus, whose governor surrendered the island to him. Antiochus invaded Egypt again in 168, demanded that Cyprus and Pelusium be ceded to him, occupied Lower Egypt, and camped outside Alexandria. The cause of the Ptolemaeans seemed lost. But on June 22, 168, the Romans defeated Perseus and his Macedonians at Pydna, and there deprived Antiochus of the benefits of his victory. In Eleusis, a suburb of Alexandria, the Roman ambassador, Gaius Popillius Laenas, presented Antiochus with the ultimatum that he evacuate Egypt and Cyprus immediately. Antiochus, taken by surprise, asked for time to consider. Popillius, however, drew a circle in the earth around the king with his walking stick and demanded an unequivocal answer before Antiochus left the circle. Dismayed by this public humiliation, the king quickly agreed to comply. Roman intervention had reestablished the status quo. By being allowed to retain southern Syria, to which Egypt had laid claim, Antiochus wasable to preserve the territorial integrity of his realm.
Efforts to hellenize the kingdom.
Both economically and socially he made efforts to strengthen his kingdom--inhabited in the main by Orientals (non-Greeks of Asia Minor and Persia)--by founding and fostering Greek cities. Even before he had begun his reign he had contributed to the building of the temple of Zeusin Athens and to the adornment of the theatre. He enlarged Antioch onthe Orontes by adding a section to the city (named Epiphania after him). There he built an aqueduct, a council hall, a marketplace, and a temple to Jupiter Capitolinus. Babylon, which revered him as Soter (Liberator, or Saviour) of Asia, was given a Greek colony that was grantedfreedom of the city. Another Epiphania was founded in Armenia. Ecbatana (in Persia) was also named Epiphania and became a Greek city. Many of these cities were granted the right to coin their own municipal currency. The mint of Antioch on the Persian Gulf served the trade along the sea route between India and the district at the mouth of the greatMesopotamian rivers.
Antiochus' hellenizing policies brought him into conflict with the prosperous Oriental temple organizations, and particularly with the Jews. Since Antiochus III's reign the Jews had enjoyed extensive autonomyunder their high priest. They were divided into two parties, the orthodox Hasideans (Pious Ones) and a reform party that favoured Hellenism. For financial reasons Antiochus supported the reform party and, in return for a considerable sum, permitted the high priest, Jason, to build a gymnasium in Jerusalem and to introduce the Greek mode of educating young people. In 172, for an even bigger tribute, he appointed Menelaus in place of Jason. In 169, however, while Antiochus was campaigning in Egypt, Jason conquered Jerusalem--with the exception of the citadel--and murdered many adherents of his rival Menelaus. When Antiochus returned from Egypt in 167 he took Jerusalem by storm and enforced its Hellenization. The city forfeited its privileges and was permanently garrisoned by Syrian soldiers.
The revolt of Judas Maccabeus.
The Greeks and those friendly toward them were united into the community of Antiochians; the worship of Yahweh and all of the Jewish rites were forbidden on pain of death. In the Temple an altar to Zeus Olympios was erected, and sacrifices were to be made at the feet of an idol in the image of the King. Against that desecration Judas Maccabeus, leader of the anti-Greek Jews, led the aroused Hasideans in a guerrilla war and several times defeated the generals Antiochus had commissionedto deal with the uprising. Judas refused a partial amnesty, conqueredJudaea with the exception of the Acra in Jerusalem, and in December 164 was able to tear down the altar of Zeus and reconsecrate the Temple. Antiochus apparently had underestimated the strength of the Hasidean movement, which was behind the success in maintaining an independent Judaean state for about a century. The fighting spirit of the Jews was all the more impressive because at the beginning of their rebellion in 166 Antiochus had just demonstrated his might to the world at Daphne, near Antioch, with a grand review of his army: 46,000 foot soldiers were on parade, among them a Macedonian phalanx of 20,000 men and 500 mercenaries equipped with Roman arms, followed by 8,500 horsemen and 306 armoured elephants.
Antiochus then mounted a campaign against the Parthians who were threatening the empire in the east, recovered the income from that area, forced Artaxias of Armenia--who had defected--to recognize his suzerainty, founded the city of Antioch on the Persian Gulf, set out on an expedition to the Arabian coast, and, at the end of 164, died of an illness at Tabae (or Gabae, probably present Isfahan) in Persis. Many believers saw his death as a punishment for his attempt to loot the shrine of Nanaia in Elam (in modern Iran).

Death: in 175 BC [assassinated] 1
Event: Ancestor M
Event: Ruled 187 - 185 BC, Seleucid King of Syria 3
Note:
Seleucus IV PHILOPATOR (b. c. 217 BC--d. 175 BC), seventh king (reigned 187-175 BC) of the Seleucid dynasty, son of Antiochus III the Great.
Although the empire that Seleucus inherited was not so great as the one over which his father had ruled before the war with Rome (190-189),it was still large, consisting of Syria (including Cilicia and Palestine), Mesopotamia, Babylonia, and nearer Iran (Media and Persia). Because of financial difficulties, created in part by the heavy war indemnity exacted by Rome, Seleucus was compelled to pursue a policy devoid of expensive adventures. His unambitious policy and care were also dictated by the fact that his son and heir, Demetrius, had been sent to Rome as a hostage for his father. When Seleucus was assassinated in 175by his chief minister Heliodorus, his brother Antiochus seized the throne

Antiochus IV Epiphanes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Antiochus IV Epiphanes (??t????? ?p?fa???, Greek: Manifest) ("The Shining One") (c. 215–163 BC, reigned 175–163 BC) was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. He was originally named Mithradates, but renamed Antiochus, either upon his ascension, or after the death of his elder brother Antiochus. Epiphanies was simply a common epithet that many leaders used meaning divine, some people referred to him as Epimanes meaning madman. He was a son of Antiochus III the Great and brother of Seleucus IV Philopator.

Antiochus took power after the death of Seleucus Philopator. He had been hostage in Rome following the peace of Apamea in 188 BC, but had recently been exchanged for the son and rightful heir of Seleucus IV, the later Demetrius I Soter. Antiochus took advantage of this situation, and proclaimed himself co-regent with another of Seleucus' sons, the infant Antiochus, whose murder he orchestrated a few years later.

Notable events during his reign include the near-conquest of Egypt, which was halted by the threat of Roman intervention, and the beginning of the Jewish revolt of the Maccabees.

Because the guardians of Ptolemy VI of Egypt were demanding the return of Coele-Syria, Antiochus, in 170 BC, decided on a preemptive strike against Egypt, and invaded, conquering all but Alexandria. He then captured Ptolemy, and agreed to let him continue as King, but as his puppet. (This had the advantage of not alarming Rome.) Alexandria thereupon chose Ptolemy's brother Ptolemy Euergetes as King. In Antiochus' absence, the two brothers agreed to rule jointly. Hence, in 168 BC, Antiochus again invaded, and overran all Egypt, except for Alexandria, while his fleet captured Cyprus. Near Alexandria he was met by Gaius Popillius Laenas, who told him that he must immediately withdraw from Egypt and Cyprus. Antiochus said he would discuss it with his council, whereupon the envoy drew a line round him in the sand, and said, "Think about it here." The implication was that, were he to step out of the circle without having first undertaken to withdraw, he would be at war with Rome. Antiochus agreed to withdraw.

In a spirit of revenge, he organized an expedition against Jerusalem, which he destroyed; he put many of its inhabitants to death most cruelly. From this time, the Jews began the war of independence under their Maccabean leaders, defeating the armies that Antiochus sent against them. Enraged at this, Antiochus is said to have marched against them in person, threatening to exterminate the nation; but, on the way, he was suddenly arrested by the hand of death (164 BC). The exact causes of the Jewish revolt, and of Antiochus' response to it, are uncertain; the Jewish accounts are in the Books of Maccabees, and the successful revolt is commemorated by the holiday of Hanukkah. His last years were spent on a campaign against the rising Parthian empire, which seems to have been initially successful, but which terminated upon his death.

The reign of Antiochus was a last period of strength for the empire, but in some way it was fatal; since he was an usurper, and left his infant son Antiochus V Eupator as his successor, devastating dynastic wars followed his death.

Christian theologians traditionally have pointed to the prophecy in the Book of Daniel as foretelling the coming of Antichus Epiphanes.1 2, but there is disagreement on the issue[1].

Preceded by:
Seleucus IV Philopator Seleucid King
175–163 BC Succeeded by:
Antiochus V Eupator

Seleucus IV Philopator
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Seleucus IV Philopator reigned from 187 BC to 175 BC over the Seleucid kingdom consisting of Syria (now including Cilicia and Palestine), Mesopotamia, Babylonia and Nearer Iran (Media and Persia).

He was compelled by financial necessities, created in part by the heavy war-indemnity exacted by Rome, to pursue an ambitious policy and was assassinated by his minister Heliodorus.

The true heir, Demetrius, son of Seleucus, now being retained in Rome as a hostage, the kingdom was seized by the younger brother of Seleucus, Antiochus IV Epiphanes, even though an infant son, also named Antiochus, was formal head of state for a few years until Epiphanes had him murdered.

Preceded by:
Antiochus III the Great Seleucid King
187–175 BC Succeeded by:
Antiochus IV Epiphanes

{geni:occupation} King Of Syria

{geni:about_me} '''Antiochus IV Epiphanes''' (play /ænˈtaɪ.əkəs ɛˈpɪfəniːz/; Greek: Ἀντίοχος Ἐπιφανής, 'God Manifest'; c. 215 BC – 164 BC) ruled the Seleucid Empire from 175 BC until his death in 164 BC. He was a son of King Antiochus III the Great. His original name was Mithridates; he assumed the name Antiochus after he ascended the throne.

Notable events during the reign of Antiochus IV include his near-conquest of Egypt, which led to a confrontation that became an origin of the metaphorical phrase, "line in the sand" (see below), and the rebellion of the Jewish Maccabees.

Antiochus was the first Seleucid king to use divine epithets on coins, perhaps inspired by Bactrian Hellenistic kings who had earlier done so, or else building on the ruler cult that his father Antiochus the Great had codified within the Seleucid Empire. These epithets included Θεὸς Ἐπιφανής 'manifest god', and, after his defeat of Egypt, Νικηφόρος 'bringer of victory'. However, Antiochus also tried to interact with common people, by appearing in the public bath houses and applying for municipal offices, and his often eccentric behavior and capricious actions led some of his contemporaries to call him Epimanes ("The Mad One"), a word play on his title Epiphanes.

===Sources===

* English Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes Antiochus IV Epiphanes]

Antiochus IV disregarded the program of his father, and meddled in theaffairs of Judea, possibly because his father died during riots.Whatever, he tried to convert the Jews and started the Maccabean revolt.The descendants of Antiochus IV were mostly incompetent, since they wereto hold their positions at the pleasure of Rome.

Antiochus IV was a builder, founding the Hellenic city of Gerasa [Antioch on the Chrysorrhoas ]. He assigned royal power to his mistressover Tarsus and other cities in Cilicia. The populace of these citieswere disgusted, since there was no glory in being ruled by a mistress.His most famous and curious monument is at Nemrud Dag, his burial mound.Although several attempts have been made to dig it up, the hill justslides into the excavation.

SOURCE NOTES:
!INDIVIDUAL GENERAL RESEARCH NOTES:
King of Syria

SOURCE NOTES:
http://www.american-pictures.com/genealogy/persons/per01409.htm#0

RESEARCH NOTES:
King of Syria 175-164 BCE; also father of Antiochus V Eupator

EPIPHANES; KING OF SYRIA 175-163 BC

He ruled Syria from 175 to 163 bc.

He ruled Syria from 175 to 163 bc.

He ruled from 4 Jun 187 BC to 3 Sep 175 BC.

He ruled from 4 Jun 187 BC to 3 Sep 175 BC.

PHILOPATOR; KING OF SYRIA 187-175 BC; b.200-9/3/175 BC

Antiochus IV, called Epiphanes ("the illustrious") (circa 215-164 bc),
king of Syria (175-164 bc), son of Antiochus III. From 171 to 168 bc, he
was involved in a war against Egypt, defeating two Egyptian kings, Ptolemy
VI and Ptolemy VII. He captured Jerusalem, prohibited Judaism, and tried
to establish the worship of Greek gods. Under the leadership of the Jewish
priest Mattathias (died c. 166 bc) and his sons, the Maccabees, the Jews
revolted (167-160 bc) and drove Antiochus from Jerusalem. Later he won
victories over the Armenians and Persians.

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Timeline Antiochus IV Epiphanes King of Syria (Antiochus IV Epiphanes) "Αντίοχος Δ' ο Επιφανής Σελευκιδός της Συρίας" King of Syria

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