The temperature on October 10, 1815 was about 8.0 °C. Wind direction mainly east-southeast. Weather type: helder winderig. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
January 8 » War of 1812: Battle of New Orleans: Andrew Jackson leads American forces in victory over the British.
March 9 » Francis Ronalds describes the first battery-operated clock in the Philosophical Magazine.
March 16 » Prince Willem proclaims himself King of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, the first constitutional monarch in the Netherlands.
April 10 » The Mount Tambora volcano begins a three-month-long eruption, lasting until July 15. The eruption ultimately kills 71,000 people and affects Earth's climate for the next two years.
May 30 » The East Indiaman Arniston is wrecked during a storm at Waenhuiskrans, near Cape Agulhas, in present-day South Africa, with the loss of 372 lives.
November 20 » The Second Treaty of Paris is signed, returning the French frontiers to their 1790 extent, imposing large indemnities, and prolonging the occupation by Allied troops for several more years.
Day of death May 10, 1899
The temperature on May 10, 1899 was about 10.7 °C. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 98%. Source: KNMI
February 22 » Filipino forces led by General Antonio Luna launch counterattacks for the first time against the American forces during the Philippine–American War. The Filipinos fail to regain Manila from the Americans.
March 30 » German Society of Chemistry issues an invitation to other national scientific organizations to appoint delegates to the International Committee on Atomic Weights.
June 12 » New Richmond tornado: The eighth deadliest tornado in U.S. history kills 117 people and injures around 200.
November 28 » The Second Boer War: a British column is engaged by Boer forces at the Battle of Modder River; although the Boers withdraw, the British suffer heavy casualties.
December 2 » Philippine–American War: The Battle of Tirad Pass, termed "The Filipino Thermopylae", is fought.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Martin Senger, "Senger/Spaeder Genealogy", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/senger-spaeder-genealogy/P212.php : accessed April 25, 2024), "Theresia Mangold (1815-1899)".
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