January 18 » King Naresuan of Siam kills Crown Prince Mingyi Swa of Burma in single combat, for which this date is now observed as Royal Thai Armed Forces day.
March 13 » At the Battle of Tondibi in Mali, Moroccan forces of the Saadi dynasty, led by Judar Pasha, defeat the Songhai Empire, despite being outnumbered by at least five to one.
January 17 » Emperor Susenyos I of Ethiopia surprises an Oromo army at Ebenat; his army reportedly kills 12,000 Oromo at the cost of 400 of his men.
March 18 » Susenyos is formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia.
May 14 » The Protestant Union, a coalition of Protestant German states, is founded to defend the rights, land and safety of each member against the Catholic Church and Catholic German states.
June 3 » Samuel de Champlain completes his third voyage to New France at Tadoussac, Quebec.
July 3 » Québec City is founded by Samuel de Champlain.
May 26 » Portuguese Restoration War: Portuguese and Spanish forces both claim victory in the Battle of Montijo.
May 27 » Manchu regent Dorgon defeats rebel leader Li Zicheng of the Shun dynasty at the Battle of Shanhai Pass, allowing the Manchus to enter and conquer the capital city of Beijing.
May 28 » English Civil War: Bolton Massacre by Royalist troops under the command of James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby.
June 29 » Charles I of England defeats a Parliamentarian detachment at the Battle of Cropredy Bridge.
October 13 » A Swedish–Dutch fleet defeats the Danish fleet at Fehmarn and captures about 1,000 prisoners.
November 23 » John Milton publishes Areopagitica, a pamphlet decrying censorship.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: T. Kuipers, "Genealogy Kuipers", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/genealogie_kuipers/I34101.php : accessed September 27, 2024), "Alfons van Modena Este (1591-1644)".
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