Genealogie Wylie » Maximilian I Joseph King of (Maximilian I Joseph, King of) Bavaria [[32ggchCh-Wikibio]] sss (1756-1825)

Persönliche Daten Maximilian I Joseph King of (Maximilian I Joseph, King of) Bavaria [[32ggchCh-Wikibio]] sss 


Familie von Maximilian I Joseph King of (Maximilian I Joseph, King of) Bavaria [[32ggchCh-Wikibio]] sss

Er ist verheiratet mit Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt.

Sie haben geheiratet am 30. September 1785 in Darmstadt, Hesse-Darmstadt, er war 29 Jahre alt.


Kind(er):



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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_I_Joseph_of_Bavaria

Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Early life
Duke of Zweibrücken and Elector of Bavaria and the Palatinate
King of Bavaria
Cultural legacy
Marriages and issue
Ancestry
Family tree
See also
Notes
References

Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the first king of Bavaria. For the seventeenth century Elector Maximilian I, see Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria.
Maximilian I Joseph

Portrait by Joseph Stieler, 1822
King of Bavaria
Reign1 January 1806 – 13 October 1825
SuccessorLudwig I
Elector of Bavaria
Reign16 February 1799 – 6 August 1806
PredecessorCharles Theodore
Count Palatine of the Rhine
Reign16 February 1799 – 1 January 1806
PredecessorCharles Theodore
Duke of Zweibrücken
Reign1 April 1795 – 1 January 1806
PredecessorCharles II August
Born27 May 1756
Schwetzingen, County Palatine of Zweibrücken
Died13 October 1825 (aged 69)
Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria
BurialTheatinerkirche, Munich
Spouse
Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt
​
​(m. 1785; died 1796)​
Caroline of Baden ​(m. 1797)​
Issue
Ludwig I, King of Bavaria
Augusta, Duchess of Leuchtenberg
Caroline Augusta, Empress of Austria
Prince Karl Theodor
Elisabeth Ludovika, Queen of Prussia
Amalie Auguste, Queen of Saxony
Sophie, Archduchess of Austria
Maria Anna, Queen of Saxony
Ludovika, Duchess in Bavaria
Princess Maximiliana
Names
Maximilian Maria Michael John Baptist Francis of Paola Joseph Casper Ignatius Nepomucene
German: Maximilian Maria Michael Johann Baptist Franz de Paula Joseph Caspar Ignatius Nepomuk
HousePalatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
FatherFrederick Michael, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
MotherCountess Palatine Maria Franziska of Sulzbach
ReligionRoman Catholicism
SignatureMaximilian I Joseph's signature
Maximilian I Joseph (German: Maximilian I. Joseph; 27 May 1756 – 13 October 1825) was Duke of Zweibrücken from 1795 to 1799, prince-elector of Bavaria (as Maximilian IV Joseph) from 1799 to 1806, then King of Bavaria (as Maximilian I Joseph) from 1806 to 1825. He was a member of the House of Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Zweibrücken, a branch of the House of Wittelsbach.

Early life
Maximilian, the son of the Count Palatine Frederick Michael of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld and Maria Francisca of Sulzbach, was born on 27 May 1756 at Schwetzingen, between Heidelberg and Mannheim.[citation needed]

After the death of his father in 1767, he was left at first without parental supervision, since his mother had been banished from her husband's court after giving birth to a son fathered by an actor. Maximilian was carefully educated under the supervision of his uncle, Duke Christian IV of Zweibrücken,[1] who settled him in the Hôtel des Deux-Ponts. He became Count of Rappoltstein in 1776[citation needed] and took service in 1777 as a colonel in the French Royal Army. He rose rapidly to the rank of major-general.[1] From 1782 to 1789, he was stationed at Strasbourg.[1] During his time at the University of Strasbourg, Klemens von Metternich, the future Austrian chancellor, was for some time accommodated by Prince Maximilian.[2] By the outbreak of the French Revolution, Maximilian exchanged the French for the Austrian service and took part in the opening campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars.[1]

Duke of Zweibrücken and Elector of Bavaria and the Palatinate

Maximilian Joseph
On 1 April 1795, Maximilian succeeded his brother Charles II as Duke of Zweibrücken, however his duchy was entirely occupied by revolutionary France at the time.[1]

On 16 February 1799, he became Elector of Bavaria[1] and Count Palatine of the Rhine, Arch-Steward of the Empire, and Duke of Berg upon the extinction of the Palatinate-Sulzbach line at the death of Elector Charles Theodore of Bavaria.[1] The new elector, as Maximilian IV Joseph, found the Bavarian army in abject condition on his accession to the throne: Hardly any of the units were at full strength, the Rumford uniforms were unpopular and impractical, and the troops were badly-trained. The young Prince-Elector, who had served under the Ancien Régime in France as a colonel in the Royal Deux-Ponts Regiment, made the reconstruction of the army a priority.

Maximilian's sympathy with France and the ideas of enlightenment at once manifested itself when he acceded to the throne of Bavaria. In the newly organized ministry, Count Max Josef von Montgelas, who, after falling into disfavour with Charles Theodore, had acted for a time as Maximilian Joseph's private secretary, was the most potent influence, wholly "enlightened" and French.[1] Agriculture and commerce were fostered, the laws were ameliorated, a new criminal code drawn up, taxes and imposts equalized without regard to traditional privileges, while a number of religious houses were suppressed and their revenues used for educational and other useful purposes.[1] He closed the University of Ingolstadt in May 1800 and moved it to Landshut.[citation needed]

In foreign affairs, Maximilian Joseph's attitude was, from the German point of view, less commendable. He never had any sympathy with the growing sentiment of German nationality, and his attitude was dictated by wholly dynastic, or at least Bavarian, considerations. Until 1813, he was the most faithful of Napoleon's German allies, the relationship cemented by the marriage of his eldest daughter to Eugène de Beauharnais. His reward came with the Treaty of Pressburg (26 December 1805), by the terms of which he was to receive the royal title and important territorial acquisitions in Swabia and Franconia to round off his kingdom. He assumed the title of king on 1 January 1806.[1] On 15 March, he ceded the Duchy of Berg to Napoleon's brother-in-law Joachim Murat.[citation needed] After the War of the Fifth Coalition in 1809 he received the German Tyrol and Innviertel regions from the defeated Austria.

King of Bavaria

Max I Joseph, Bust by Ernst von Bandel (1826)
The new King of Bavaria was the most important of the princes belonging to the Confederation of the Rhine, and remained Napoleon's ally until the eve of the Battle of Leipzig, when by the Treaty of Ried (8 October 1813) he made the guarantee of the integrity of his kingdom the price of his joining the Allies.[1] On 14 October, Bavaria made a formal declaration of war against Napoleonic France. The treaty was passionately backed by Crown Prince Ludwig and by Marshal von Wrede.[citation needed]

By the first Treaty of Paris (3 June 1814), however, he returned Tyrol to Austria in exchange for the former Grand Duchy of Würzburg. At the Congress of Vienna, which he attended in person, Maximilian had to make further concessions to Austria, ceding Salzburg and the regions of Innviertel and Hausruckviertel[citation needed] in return for the western part of the old Palatinate. The king fought hard to maintain the contiguity of the Bavarian territories as guaranteed at Ried but the most he could obtain was an assurance from Metternich in the matter of the Baden succession, in which he was also doomed to be disappointed.[3]

Presentation medal of the Bavarian Parliament (Bayerische Ständeversammlung) 1819 to their King Maximilian I Joseph, on the first anniversary of the constitution of 1818, obverse.

Presentation medal of the Bavarian Parliament (Bayerische Ständeversammlung) 1819 to their King Maximilian I Joseph, on the first anniversary of the constitution of 1818, reverse.
At Vienna and afterwards Maximilian sturdily opposed any reconstitution of Germany which should endanger the independence of Bavaria, and it was his insistence on the principle of full sovereignty being left to the German reigning princes that largely contributed to the loose and weak organization of the new German Confederation. The Federative Constitution of Germany (8 June 1815) of the Congress of Vienna was proclaimed in Bavaria, not as a law but as an international treaty. It was partly to secure popular support in his resistance to any interference of the Federal diet in the internal affairs of Bavaria, partly to give unity to his somewhat heterogeneous territories, that Maximilian on 26 May 1818 granted a liberal constitution to his people. Montgelas, who had opposed this concession, had fallen in the previous year, and Maximilian had also reversed his ecclesiastical policy, signing on 24 October 1817 a concordat with Rome by which the powers of the clergy, largely curtailed under Montgelas's administration, were restored.[1]

The new parliament proved to be more independent than he had anticipated and in 1819 Maximilian resorted to appealing to the powers against his own creation; but his Bavarian "particularism" and his genuine popular sympathies prevented him from allowing the Carlsbad Decrees to be strictly enforced within his dominions. The suspects arrested by order of the Mainz Commission he was accustomed to examine himself, with the result that in many cases the whole proceedings were quashed, and in not a few the accused dismissed with a present of money.[1]

Maximilian died at Nymphenburg Palace, in Munich,[citation needed] on 13 October 1825 and was succeeded by his son Ludwig I.[1] Maximilian is buried in the crypt of the Theatine Church in Munich.[4]

Cultural legacy

Monument of Maximilian I Joseph in front of the National Theatre, Munich
Under the reign of Maximilian Joseph the Bavarian Secularization (1802–1803) led to the nationalisation of cultural assets of the Church. The Protestants were emancipated. In 1808 he founded the Academy of Fine Arts Munich.[citation needed]

The city of Munich was extended by the first systematic expansion with the new Brienner Strasse as core. In 1810 Max Joseph ordered construction of the National Theatre Munich in French neo-classic style. The monument Max-Joseph Denkmal before the National Theatre was created in the middle of the square Max-Joseph-Platz as a memorial for King Maximilian Joseph by Christian Daniel Rauch and carried out by Johann Baptist Stiglmaier. It was only revealed in 1835 since the king had rejected to be eternalized in sitting position.[citation needed]

In 1801 he led the rescue operation when a glassmaker's workshop collapsed, saving the life of Joseph von Fraunhofer, a 14-year-old orphan apprentice. Max Joseph donated books and directed the glassmaker to give Fraunhofer time to study. Fraunhofer went on to become one of the most famous optical scientists and artisans in history, inventing the spectroscope and spectroscopy, making Bavaria noted for fine optics, and joining the nobility before his death at age 39.[citation needed]

He was elected a Royal Fellow of the Royal Society in 1802.[5]

Marriages and issue
As a monarch, Max Joseph was very close to the citizens, walked freely along the streets of Munich without great accompaniment, and conversed with his people in a casual manner. Regardless, he was somewhat eccentric, like some of his descendants and successors. Maximilian married twice and had children by both marriages:[1]

The king's youngest daughters (Marie Anne, Sophie and Ludovika) by Stieler
His first wife was Princess Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt,[1] daughter of Prince George William of Hesse-Darmstadt (14 April 1765 – 30 March 1796). They were married on 30 September 1785 in Darmstadt. They had five children:

Ludwig I of Bavaria (25 August 1786 – 29 February 1868), married Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen.
Princess Augusta Amalia Ludovika, (21 June 1788 – 13 May 1851), married Eugène de Beauharnais, Duke of Leuchtenberg.
Princess Amalie Marie Auguste (9 October 1790 – 24 January 1794), died in childhood.
Princess Caroline Augusta (8 February 1792 – 9 February 1873), married William I of Württemberg, and then Francis II of Austria.
Prince Karl Theodor Maximilian (7 July 1795 – 16 August 1875), married morganatically to Marie-Anne-Sophie Petin.
Maximilian's second wife was Karoline of Baden,[1] daughter of Margrave Karl Ludwig of Baden (13 July 1776 – 13 November 1841). They were married on 9 March 1797 in Karlsruhe.[citation needed] They had eight children[citation needed], including two sets of twin girls, Elisabeth and Amalie born in 1801, and Sophie and Marie Anne born in 1805.

Stillborn son (5 September 1799)
Prince Maximilian Joseph Karl Friedrich (28 October 1800 – 12 February 1803), died in infancy.
Princess Elisabeth Ludovika ("Elise") (13 November 1801 – 14 December 1873) twin sister of Amalie Auguste. Married Frederick William IV of Prussia.
Princess Amalie Auguste (13 November 1801 – 8 November 1877) twin sister of Elisabeth Ludovika. Married John I of Saxony.
Princess Marie Anne Leopoldine (27 January 1805 – 13 September 1877) twin sister of Sophie. Married Frederick Augustus II of Saxony.
Princess Sophie Friederike Dorothee (27 January 1805 – 1872) twin sister of Marie Anna. Married Archduke Franz Karl of Austria, mother of Franz Joseph I of Austria and Maximilian I of Mexico.
Princess Ludovika Wilhelmine (30 August 1808 – 25 January 1892), married Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria, mother of Empress Elisabeth of Austria.
Princess Maximiliana Josepha Karoline (21 July 1810 – 4 February 1821), died in childhood.
Ancestry
Ancestors of Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria[6]
8. Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
4. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
9. Countess Katharina Agathe of Rappoltstein
2. Frederick Michael, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
10. Louis Crato, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken
5. Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken
11. Countess Philippine Henriette of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
1. Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
12. Theodore Eustace, Count Palatine of Sulzbach
6. Count Palatine Joseph Charles of Sulzbach
13. Princess Maria Eleonore of Hesse-Rotenburg
3. Countess Palatine Maria Franziska of Sulzbach
14. Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine
7. Countess Palatine Elisabeth Auguste Sofie of Neuburg
15. Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł
Family tree
King Maximilian I Joseph's relation to Elector Maximilian I of Bavaria
Francis I, Duke of Lorraine 1517–1545Christina of Denmark 1522–1590
Charles III, Duke of Lorraine 1543–1608Renata of Lorraine 1544–1602William V of Bavaria 1548–1626
Maria Anna of BavariaMagdalene of Bavaria 1587–1628
Elizabeth of Lorraine 1574–1635Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria 1573–1651 (1)Maria Anna of Austria 1610–1655 (2)
Philipp Wilhelm, Elector Palatine 1615–1690
Karl III Philip, Elector Palatine 1661–1742
Elizabeth Augusta Sophie, Pfalzgräfin von Neuburg 1693–1728
Maria Francisca Sulzbach 1724–1794
Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria 1756–1825
See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria.
List of rulers of Bavaria
History of Bavaria
Notes
Chisholm 1911, p. 291.
Palmer 1972, pp. 10
Chisholm 1911, p. 291 cites Baden History, iii, 506.
"Theatinerkirche München". www.theatinerkirche.de. Archived from the original on 22 August 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
Royal Society 1802.
Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 94.
References
Palmer, Alan (1972). Metternich: Councillor of Europe (1997 reprint ed.). London: Orion. ISBN 978-1-85799-868-9.
"Library Catalog". Royal Society. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Maximilian I., king of Bavaria". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 921.
Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
Cadet branch of the House of Wittelsbach
Born: 27 May 1756 Died: 13 October 1825
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Charles II August
Duke of Zweibrücken
1795–1825Abolished
Preceded by
Charles Theodore
Elector of Bavaria
Elector Palatine
1799–1806
Duke of Berg
1799–1806Succeeded by
Joachim Murat
New creationKing of Bavaria
1806–1825Succeeded by
Ludwig I
Preceded by
Francis
Duke of Salzburg
1810–1816Succeeded by
Francis
vte
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU)
vte
Electors of Bavaria
vte
Electors of the Palatinate
vte
Kings of Bavaria
vte
Monarchs of Berg
vte
Napoleonic Wars
=======================================================
Categories as live links at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_I_Joseph_of_Bavaria :
House of Berg
1756 births
1825 deaths
18th-century prince-electors of Bavaria
19th-century kings of Bavaria
People from Schwetzingen
House of Wittelsbach
Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria
Kings of Bavaria
Counts Palatine of Neuburg
Counts Palatine of Sulzbach
Counts Palatine of Zweibrücken
Dukes of Jülich
Academy of Fine Arts, Munich
Burials at the Theatine Church, Munich
=============================================
This page was last edited on 10 July 2023, at 19:56 (UTC).

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============================================================================

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Historische Ereignisse

Geburtstag 26. Mai 1756

  • Die Temperatur am 26. Mai 1756 war um die 11,0 °C. Der Wind kam überwiegend aus Osten bis Norden. Charakterisierung des Wetters: omtrent helder. Quelle: KNMI
  • Erfstadhouder Prins Willem V (Willem Batavus) (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) war von 1751 bis 1795 Fürst der Niederlande (auch Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden genannt)
  • Regentes Anna (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) war von 1751 bis 1759 Fürst der Niederlande (auch Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden genannt)
  • Im Jahr 1756: Quelle: Wikipedia
    • 16. Januar » Die Konvention von Westminster, ein Garantievertrag zwischen Preußen unter Friedrich II. und Großbritannien unter Georg II., kommt zustande. Das als Friedensgarantie gedachte Defensivbündnis führt jedoch zur Umkehrung der Allianzen in Europa und fördert damit das Entstehen des Siebenjährigen Krieges.
    • 24. März » Preußens König FriedrichII. erlässt an seine Beamten eine Circular-Ordre, mit dem Auftrag „denen Herrschaften und Unterthanen den Nutzen von Anpflantzung dieses Erd Gewächses begreiflich zu machen, und denselben anzurathen, dass sie noch dieses Früh-Jahr die Pflantzung der Kartoffeln als einer sehr nahrhaften Speise unternehmen.“
    • 1. Oktober » In der Schlacht bei Lobositz im Siebenjährigen Krieg besiegen die Preußen unter Friedrich dem Großen die österreichische Armee unter Maximilian Ulysses Browne.
    • 7. Oktober » Die Markusflut an der Nordsee verursacht im Bereich der Elbe etwa 600 Tote.
    • 16. Oktober » Die sächsische Armee unter Graf Friedrich August Rutowski ist gezwungen, sich nach der Belagerung bei Pirna im Siebenjährigen Krieg den preußischen Truppen zu ergeben.
    • 31. Oktober » In der Nacht gelingt Giacomo Casanova die Flucht aus den Bleikammern des Dogenpalastes in Venedig, wo er wegen „Schmähungen gegen die heilige Religion“ eingesperrt war.

Hochzeit 30. September 1785

  • Die Temperatur am 30. September 1785 war um die 8,0 °C. Der Wind kam überwiegend aus Süd-Osten. Charakterisierung des Wetters: zeer betrokken. Quelle: KNMI
  • Erfstadhouder Prins Willem V (Willem Batavus) (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) war von 1751 bis 1795 Fürst der Niederlande (auch Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden genannt)
  • Im Jahr 1785: Quelle: Wikipedia
    • 7. Januar » Jean-Pierre Blanchard und John Jeffries überqueren erstmals den Ärmelkanal in einem mit Wasserstoff gefüllten Gasballon von Dover nach Calais. Sie brauchen für die Fahrt 2Stunden 25Minuten und müssen bis auf ihre Unterhosen allen Ballast abwerfen.
    • 7. Februar » Der deutsch-britische Astronom Wilhelm Herschel entdeckt im Sternbild Rabe die Antennen-Galaxien.
    • 2. April » Am King’s Theatre in London erfolgt die Uraufführung der Oper La finta principessa von Luigi Cherubini.
    • 10. April » Der deutsch-britische Astronom Wilhelm Herschel entdeckt die etwa 300 Millionen Lichtjahre entfernt gelegene Galaxie NGC 3808 im Sternbild Löwe sowie die Galaxie NGC 4725 im Sternbild Coma.
    • 1. August » Jean-François de La Pérouse sticht im Auftrag der französischen Krone von Brest aus mit zwei Schiffen in See, um eine ähnlich prestigeträchtige Weltumsegelung zu unternehmen, wie wenige Jahre zuvor der Engländer James Cook. Als Anhänger der Aufklärung verzichtet Pérouse während seiner Reise auf die Inbesitznahme neu entdeckter Gebiete.
    • 11. Dezember » Kaiser Joseph II. erlässt das Freimaurerpatent. Es entsteht dadurch eine Großloge in Österreich, der jene anderer Kronländer unterstehen. Die Logenanzahl wird begrenzt, die Freimaurerei streng staatlich überwacht.

Sterbedatum 13. Oktober 1825

  • Die Temperatur am 13. Oktober 1825 war um die 15,0 °C. Der Wind kam überwiegend aus Süd-Osten. Charakterisierung des Wetters: half bewolkt dampig. Quelle: KNMI
  •  Diese Seite ist nur auf Niederländisch verfügbar.
    De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
  • Im Jahr 1825: Quelle: Wikipedia
    • 18. Januar » Das 1805 abgebrannte und von Joseph Bové wiedererbaute Petrowski-Theater wird unter dem Namen Bolschoi-Theater mit dem Prolog Der Triumph der Musen zur Musik von Alexei Nikolajewitsch Werstowski und Alexander Alexandrowitsch Aljabjew neu eröffnet.
    • 11. Februar » Im Collegio di San Sebastiano in Neapel erfolgt die Uraufführung der Oper Adelson e Salvini von Vincenzo Bellini.
    • 22. Februar » An der Hofoper in Dresden erfolgt die Uraufführung der Oper Der Holzdieb von Heinrich Marschner.
    • 15. März » Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (Turnvater Jahn), seit Juli 1819 auf Grundlage der Karlsbader Beschlüsse in Haft, wird unter der Auflage, in keiner Universitäts- oder Gymnasialstadt zu wohnen, freigesprochen.
    • 30. April » Der Interessenverband Börsenverein der Deutschen Buchhändler wird von sechs Leipziger und 95 auswärtigen Buchhändlern und Verlegern in Leipzig gegründet.
    • 13. Oktober » Ludwig I. wird bayerischer König, nachdem sein Vater MaximilianI. Joseph gestorben ist.


Gleicher Geburts-/Todestag

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