Ancestral Trails 2016 » ROBERT de NORMANDY I (1000-1035)

Persoonlijke gegevens ROBERT de NORMANDY I 

• Hij is geboren op 22 juni 1000 in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France.
• Titel: 6th Duke of Normandy
• (Nickname) : The Magnificent and The Devil.
• (Accession) op 6 augustus 1028 in Succeeded his brother, Richard III, as Duke of Normandy.Bron 1
• (Relationship) : 27th Great Grandfather.
• (Ancestry) : House of Normandy.
• Hij is overleden op 22 juli 1035 in Nicaea, Bithynia, Turkey, hij was toen 35 jaar oud.Bron 1
• Een kind van RICHARD de NORMANDY en JUDITH de RENNES

Gezin van ROBERT de NORMANDY I

(1) Hij heeft/had een relatie met HERLEVA de FALAISE.

Kind(eren):

1. ADELIZA de NORMANDY  1027-1081 
2. SISTER OF WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR  ± 1028-???? 
3. WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR  1024-1087 

Gebeurtenis (Meeting) in het jaar 1023 in Normandie, France .

• Het echtpaar heeft gemeenschappelijke voorouders.



(2) Hij heeft/had een relatie met (Niet openbaar).




Kind(eren):

1. FELICIA de NORMANDY  1025-1084 




(3) Hij is getrouwd met Estrith SVENSDOTTIR.

Zij zijn getrouwd te Divorced.

• Het echtpaar heeft gemeenschappelijke voorouders.



Notities over ROBERT de NORMANDY I

Robert the Magnificent (French: le Magnifique) [a] (22 June 1000 - 1-3 July 1035), was the Duke of Normandy from 1027 until his death in 1035.

Owing to uncertainty over the numbering of the Dukes of Normandy he is usually called Robert I, but sometimes Robert II with his ancestor Rollo as Robert I. He was the son of Richard II and brother of Richard III, who preceded him as the Duke. Less than a year after his father's death, Robert revolted against his brother's rule and deposed him. He was succeeded by his illegitimate son, William the Conqueror who became the first Norman king of England in 1066, following the Norman conquest of England.

Robert was the son of Richard II of Normandy and Judith, daughter of Conan I, Duke of Brittany. He was also grandson of Richard I of Normandy, great-grandson of William I of Normandy and great-great grandson of Rollo, the Viking who founded Normandy. Before he died, Richard II had decided his elder son Richard III would succeed him while his second son Robert would become Count of Hiémois. In August 1026 their father, Richard II, died and Richard III became duke, but very soon afterwards Robert rebelled against his brother, was subsequently defeated and forced to swear fealty to his older brother Richard.

When Richard III died a year later, there were suspicions that Robert had something to do with his death. Although nothing could be proved, Robert had the most to gain. The civil war Robert I had brought against his brother Richard III was still causing instability in the duchy. Private wars raged between neighbouring barons. This resulted in a new aristocracy arising in Normandy during Robert’s reign. It was also during this time that many of the lesser nobility left Normandy to seek their fortunes in southern Italy and elsewhere. Soon after assuming the dukedom, possibly in revenge for supporting his brother against him, Robert I assembled an army against his uncle, Robert, Archbishop of Rouen and Count of Évreux. A temporary truce allowed his uncle to leave Normandy in exile but this resulted in an edict excommunicating all of Normandy, which was only lifted when Archbishop Robert was allowed to return and his countship was restored. Robert also attacked another powerful churchman, his cousin Hugo III d'Ivry, Bishop of Bayeux, banishing him from Normandy for an extended period of time. Robert also seized a number of church properties belonging to the Abbey of Fecamp.

Despite his domestic troubles Robert decided to intervene in the civil war in Flanders between Baldwin V, Count of Flanders and his father Baldwin IV whom the younger Baldwin had driven out of Flanders. Baldwin V, supported by king Robert II of France, his father-in-law, was persuaded to make peace with his father in 1030 when Duke Robert promised the elder Baldwin his considerable military support. Robert gave shelter to Henry I of France against his mother, Queen Constance, who favored her younger son Robert to succeed to the French throne after his father Robert II. For his help Henry I rewarded Robert with the French Vexin. In the early 1030s Alan III, Duke of Brittany began expanding his influence from the area of Rennes and appeared to have designs on the area surrounding Mont Saint-Michel. After sacking Dol and repelling Alan's attempts to raid Avranches, Robert mounted a major campaign against his cousin Alan III. However, Alan appealed to their uncle, Archbishop Robert of Rouen, who then brokered a peace between Duke Robert and his vassal Alan III. His cousins, the Athelings Edward and Alfred, sons of his aunt Emma of Normandy and Athelred, King of England had been living at the Norman Court and at one point Robert, on their behalf, attempted to mount an invasion of England but was prevented in doing so, it was said, by unfavorable winds, that scattered and sank much of the fleet. Robert made a safe landing in Guernsey. Gesta Normannorum Ducum stated that King Cnut sent envoys to Duke Robert offering to settle half the Kingdom of England on Edward and Alfred. After postponing the naval invasion he chose to also postpone the decision until after he returned from Jerusalem.

Robert's attitude towards the Church had changed noticeably certainly since his reinstating his uncle's position as Archbishop of Rouen. In his attempt to reconcile his differences with the Church he restored property that he or his vassals had confiscated, and by 1034 had returned all the properties he had earlier taken from the abbey of Fecamp.

After making his illegitimate son William his heir, he set out on pilgrimage to Jerusalem. According to the Gesta Normannorum Ducum he travelled by way of Constantinople, reached Jerusalem, fell seriously ill and died[b] on the return journey at Nicaea on 2 July 1035. His son William, aged about eight, succeeded him.

According to the historian William of Malmesbury, decades later his son William sent a mission to Constantinople and Nicaea, charging it with bringing his father's body back to Normandy for burial. Permission was granted, but, having travelled as far as Apulia (Italy) on the return journey, the envoys learned that William himself had meanwhile died. They then decided to re-inter Robert's body in Italy.

Issue
By his mistress, Herleva of Falaise, he was father of:
William the Conqueror (c. 1028-1087).

By Herleva or possibly another concubine,[c] he was the father of:
Adelaide of Normandy, who married firstly, Enguerrand II, Count of Ponthieu. She married secondly, Lambert II, Count of Lens, and thirdly, Odo II of Champagne.

Notes
(a) He was also, although erroneously, said to have been called 'Robert the Devil' (French: le Diable). Robert I was never known by the nickname 'the devil' in his lifetime. 'Robert the Devil' was a fictional character who was confused with Robert I, Duke of Normandy sometime near the end of the Middle Ages. See: François Neveux, A Brief History of the Normans, trans. Howard Curtis (Constable & Robinson, Ltd. London, 2008), p. 97 & n. 5.

(b) It was reported by William of Malmesbury (Gesta regum Anglorum, Vol. i, pp. 211-12) and Wace (pt. iii, II, 3212-14) that Robert died of poisoning. William of Malmsebury pointed to a Ralplh Mowin as the instigator. See: The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni, Ed. & Trans. Elizabeth M.C. Van Houts, Vol. I (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1992), pp. 84-5, n. 2. However it was common in Normandy during the eleventh century to attribute any sudden and unexplained death to poisoning. See: David C. Douglas, William the Conqueror (University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1964), p. 411

(c) The question of who her mother was seems to remain unsettled. Elisabeth Van Houts ['Les femmes dans l'histoire du duché de Normandie', Tabularia « Études », (10 July 2002), makes the argument that Robert of Torigny in the GND II, p. 272 (one of three mentions in this volume of her being William's sister) calls her in this instance William's 'uterine' sister' (soror uterina) and is of the opinion this is a mistake similar to one he made regarding Richard II, Duke of Normandy and his paternal half-brother William, Count of Eu (calling them 'uterine' brothers). Based on this she concludes Adelaide was a daughter of Duke Robert by a different concubine. Kathleen Thompson ["Being the Ducal Sister: The Role of Adelaide of Aumale", Normandy and Its Neighbors, Brepols, (2011) p. 63] cites the same passage in GND as did Elisabeth Van Houts, specifically GND II, 270-2, but gives a different opinion. She noted that Robert de Torigni stated here she was the uterine sister of Duke William "so we might perhaps conclude that she shared both mother and father with the Conqueror." But as Torigni wrote a century after Adelaide's birth and in that same sentence in the GND made a genealogical error, she concludes that the identity of Adelaide's mother remains an open question.
SOURCE: Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_I,_Duke_of_Normandy

Robert I "the Magnificent" or "the Devil", Duke of Normandy: Born about 999, of Normandy, France; Died 2 Jul 1035, Nicea, Bithynia, Turkey; about 1023, He had issue with Harlette or Arlette De Falaise: Born about 1003, of Falaise, Clavados, France. Robert first saw Harlette while riding his horse near the castle of Falaise, where he was staying. She was washing clothes in a river. They made eye contact and Robert liked her "spirit." Robert sent for her father, Fulbert, and arranged to have her brought to him discreetly. This was done because she was far beneath his station in life and decorum prevented her being seen publicly with him. When Harlette heard this she balked at the idea. she felt that if she was good enough to sleep with, then she was good enough to enter through the front gate of the castle. She had the front drawbridge lowered and was issued in to the castle in state. While her beginnings may have been humble she quickly rose to a position of importance. By the time she was delivered of William she rated several servants who were so concerned for her health (it had been a difficult pregnancy) that they all crowded around her and left Baby William struggling on the floor.
SOURCE: http://talbotsfineaccessories.com/genealogy/England1.html


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